Ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation is the main cause of primary graft dysfunction, which will subsequently reduce the function of lung allograft and lower the overall survival rate of lung transplant recipients. As a physiological regulatory molecule, hydrogen molecule has the functions of anti-inflammation, easing oxidative stress, alleviating direct cell injury and mitigating epithelial edema. Recent studies have demonstrated that hydrogen molecule and its products (hydrogen and hydrogen-rich solution) could significantly mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury and postoperative complications after lung transplantation. In this article, the protective effect and exact mechanism of hydrogen molecule and its products in lung transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide theoretical basis for the application of hydrogen molecule and its products as a novel treatment for lung transplantation-related complications, enhance the overall prognosis and improve the quality of life of lung transplant recipients

With the optimization of surgical technologies and postoperative management regimens, the number of lung transplantation has been significantly increased, which has become an important treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, due to the impact of comprehensive factors, such as bronchial ischemia and immunosuppression, the incidence of airway stenosis after lung transplantation is relatively high, which severely affects postoperative survival and quality of life of lung transplant recipients. In recent years, with the improvement of perioperative management, organ preservation and surgical technologies, the incidence of airway stenosis after lung transplantation has been declined, but it remains at a high level. Early diagnosis and timely intervention play a significant role in enhancing clinical prognosis of patients with airway stenosis. In this article, the general conditions, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of airway stenosis after lung transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for comprehensive management of airway stenosis after lung transplantation and improving clinical prognosis of lung transplant recipients.