Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 8 patients with ectopic pregnancy admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to January 2020, all of whom underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. Contrast ultrasonography was performed immediately after the operation to observe the changes of pregnancy sac. The length of hospital stay, mass absorption time and menstrual recovery time of the patients were recorded. Postoperative complications and serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) negative conversion time were observed. At 3 months after the operation, hysterosalpingography was performed 3-7 days after the menstruation to observe the patency of the fallopian tubes, all patients were followed up for 1 year to observe the postoperative intrauterine pregnancy and re-ectopic pregnancy.Results:All the 8 patients were successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation, and postoperative ultrasonography showed that the mass remained unenhanced. The length of hospital stay was (3.0±0.8)d. The packet absorption time was (32.4±14.3)d. The recovery time of menstruation was (39.6±2.7)d. There were no serious complications.Blood HCG levels decreased rapidly within a week, and all returned to normal level of non-pregnancy 2-3 weeks after the operation. Three months after the operation, the salpingogram showed that the fallopian tubes were recanalized in 3 patients. After a follow-up of 1 year, 1 patient had a natural intrauterine pregnancy, and there was no case of recurrent ectopic pregnancy.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is effective in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy with minimal trauma and rapid recovery, and can retain the reproductive ability of patients to some extent, which is worth popularizing in clinical application.

Objective:To study the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation in treatment of gallbladder polyps.Methods:The clinical data of 13 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for gallbladder polyps at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2019 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. These were 8 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 20 to 49 years. The incidence of adverse reactions and complications after treatment, the complete ablation rate of polyps and the absorption of postoperative lesions were studied, and the gallbladder systolic function of patients before and after treatment were compared.Results:Of 13 patients, surgery was successfully carried out and there was no serious complications of gallbladder perforation, bleeding and collateral organ injury. The median radiofrequency ablation time was 30 s, and the complete ablation rate was 100.0%(13/13). After 6 months of follow-up, the rate of reduction of lesion volume was 100.0(98.0, 100.0)% at 6 months after surgery, which was significantly higher than the rates of 46.0(40.0, 54.0)%, 72(64.0, 100.0)% and 87.0(81.0±100.0)% at 1, 2 and 3 months after surgery ( P<0.05). The gallbladder contractility rate at 3 months after operation was (78.38±10.83)% compared with that before operation (77.46±11.28)%, and there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for gallbladder polyps was safe. It had a significant short-term efficacy for treatment of gallbladder polyps.

Objective To summarize the modeling methods and standards of thyroid cancer,to provide reference for the establishment of thyroid cancer animal model close to the clinical syndrome of Chinese and Western medicine,and to promote the progress of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The modeling methods and characteristics of animal models of thyroid cancer in CNKI,Wanfang,Web of Science and PubMed databases were analyzed and summarized.The advantages and disadvantages were evaluated,and the coincidence degree with the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese and Western medicine was analyzed.Results There are many modeling methods for thyroid cancer animal models,which are mainly divided into four types:spontaneous,induced,genetic engineering and transplantation models.Genetic engineering mouse models include transgenic models,gene knockout models,gene replacement models and the latest reported restricted mouse models.Among them,the genetic engineering mouse model and the transplanted mouse model have a high clinical coincidence,and the spontaneous and induced tumor model have a low clinical coincidence.Conclusion It is one of the important directions for future research on thyroid cancer to establish an animal model consistent with"TCM syndrome"and"Western medicine diagnostic criteria".

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for gestational trophoblast tumor.Methods:The clinical data of 5 patients with gestational trophoblast tumor treated by ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, the postoperative complications, changes in blood human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and the volume reduction rate of ablation lesion at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery were observed.Results:None of the 5 patients with gestational trophoblast tumor had postoperative complications.Blood hCG decreased to normal level on 7 d, 8 d, 8 d, 12 d and 26 d, respectively. The volume reduction rates of ablation lesions 1, 3 and 6 months after operation in cases 1-5 were respectively 34.7%, 62.5%, 87.5%; 45.3%, 60.4%, 84%; 85.6%, 89.9%, 92.2%; 38.3%, 72.6%, 85.5%; 40.8%, 57.3%, 87%.Conclusions:Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is minimally invasive, low risk, safe and effective treatment for gestational trophoblast tumors.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of transgluteal ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage in prone position in the treatment of deep pelvic abscess with pelvic adhesion.Methods:A total of 24 cases of deep pelvic abscess with pelvic adhesion treated in the ultrasound intervention room of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2018 to May 2021 were selected.Ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage were performed through the buttocks. The operation time, blood loss and distal limb pain during the operation were recorded. The decreasing trend of body temperature, the white blood cell, C-reactive protein and abscess size were observed. The incidence of complications such as bleeding, pain, infection and intestinal injury were counted.Results:There were 28 abscesses in 24 patients were successfully intubated through the buttocks, the abscesses disappeared after drainage, and there were no serious complications after operation. During the follow-up of 3-22 months, there was no abscess recurrence and no long-term complications.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided transgluteal puncture and drainage is safe and effective in the treatment of deep pelvic abscess with pelvic adhesion.

Diabetes mellitus （DM） is a metabolic disease mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and has multiple etiologies. The complications of DM， such as coronary atherosclerosis， nephropathy， foot disease and cardiac dysfunction， have high morbidity， disability rate and mortality. DM and its complications have a long course of disease and are easy to relapse， which are difficult to be cured， seriously affecting people's life and health. NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is an important component of inflammatory response and innate immune system. The inflammatory cascade induced by NLRP3 activation is involved in the occurrence and development of DM as well as its complications by releasing inflammatory factors， damaging endothelial cells and affecting metabolic stress. Therefore， as the core of the inflammatory response， NLRP3 may provide a new target for the treatment of DM and its complications. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a key role in the treatment of DM and its complications， and has a regulatory effect on NLRP3. Thus it has become a novel research strategy to prevent and treat DM and its complications via modulating NLRP3. However， at present， there are relatively scattered reports and a lack of systematic review on the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of DM and its complications from the perspective of NLRP3. As a result， this paper reviewed domestic and foreign literature in recent years and conducted the discussion from two aspects： the influence of NLRP3 on the occurrence and development of DM and its complications， and the progress of traditional Chinese medicine in intervening in DM and its complications through NLRP3. This paper provided reference for the research on the regulation of NLRP3 and a new direction for the treatment of DM and its complications.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of nonmetastatic pheochromocytoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 7 patients with nonmetastatic pheochromocytoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to June 2020, all of whom underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation. The changes of postoperative blood pressure, improvement of symptoms, intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed.Plasma free methoxypinephrine (MN) and normetanephrine (NMN) levels were recorded before and 2 weeks after operation. The reduction rate of ablation lesion volume at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation was calculated.Results:Postoperative blood pressure of all 7 patients was reduced to the normal range within 3 days, and symptoms such as headache were significantly relieved immediately after operation.No serious complications occurred during or after operation. Plasma free MN and NMN levels decreased to normal levels 2 weeks after operation. The mean reduction rates of the ablation lesions at 1, 3 and 6 months after operation were (46.61±13.42)%, (67.21±10.54)% and (85.73±4.15)%, respectively. Postoperative follow-up of 12-30 months showed that the blood pressure, plasma free MN and NMN levels of the patients were all in the normal range, and no symptoms such as headache and palpitation occurred again. All the tumors were completely ablated, and no recurrence was observed.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of nonmetastatic pheochromocytoma is minimally invasive, safe and effective, and can retain adrenal cortex function, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy combined with radiofrequency ablation on the complex lymphatic malformations (LM) in children.Methods:The clinical data of 21 children with complex LM treated with ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy combined with radiofrequency ablation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2018 to October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.Imaging examinations were performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months postoperatively to observe the recurrence, the volume of the lesions and their reduction rate were calculated, and the efficacy was analyzed. Friedman test was used to compare the lesion volume at different time points before and after surgery, and the reduction rate of lesion volume at 1 month postoperatively and other time points after surgery. Results:A total of 21 children were included in this study, among them, there were 12 males and 9 females, age range from 1 month to 5 years and 6 months, with a median age of 23 months.A total of 26 LM in 21 children were successfully treated, and no serious complications like organ damage occurred during and after surgery.One patient with abdominal LM had a postoperative infection, which was controlled by 3 weeks of catheter drainage.Four LM in 3 children recurred at 3 or 6 months after surgery, while all lesions were significantly narrowed down than those before surgery and they were cured after 1-3 sessions of continued sclerotherapy.There were significant differences in the lesion volumes before surgery and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months postoperatively [222.26(159.57, 316.40) cm 3vs.43.06(22.74, 62.53) cm 3, 31.56(15.49, 45.94) cm 3, 25.21(9.63, 36.22) cm 3, 19.80(6.79, 28.81) cm 3, 12.80(3.93, 20.38) cm 3, 7.13(0, 11.34) cm 3, and 2.79(0, 4.93) cm 3; all P<0.05]. There were significant differences between the volume reduction rates at 1 month postoperatively and 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively [79.36(73.30, 87.81)% vs.85.40(81.09, 91.61)%, 88.85(84.70, 93.61)%, 91.67(87.87, 95.05)%, 94.15(94.47, 97.35)%, 97.11(95.02, 100.00)%, and 99.04(97.93, 100.00)%; all P<0.05]. Patients were followed up for 24 months, and all of them were cured. Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy combined with radiofrequency ablation is a minimally invasive, safe and effective therapeutic strategy for children with complex LM.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of plasma cell mastitis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 10 patients with plasma cell mastitis treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to December 2022. The postoperative complications, symptoms and signs of the patients, ultrasound imaging manifestations, treatment efficacy at 3 months after surgery, the reduction rate of ablation lesions at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery, the recurrence status within 1 year after surgery, and the satisfaction with the treatment effect were observed.Results:The reduction rates of ablation lesions at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months were 32.31%-51.00%[(42.78±4.48)%], 70.66%-86.68%[(70.45±12.43)%], 72.31%-100%[(86.91±7.45)%], 89.13%-100%[(96.07±7.45)%], respecctively. The symptoms and signs of 10 patients improved significantly 3 months after surgery, and there was no recurrence of the disease during the follow-up period, and the treatment effect was significant and satisfactory.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of plasma cell mastitis is a minimally invasive, effective and safe treatment.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of ovarian mature cystic teratoma.Methods:A total of 35 patients with mature cystic teratoma of the ovary diagnosed and treated in the ultrasound intervention room of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2020 to May 2023 were selected retrospectively. According to the inclusion criteria, 23 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation were enrolled in this study, and the therapeutic effect and the reduction rate of the ablation lesions 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery were observed. The occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications was observed. The changes of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E 2) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were compared before surgery, 3 days, and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Results:All 23 patients underwent radiofrequency ablation successfully, and the complete ablation rate was 100%. The reduction rates were (29.95±13.89)%, (51.45±17.62)% and (73.82±23.63)% at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. There were no serious complications during and after operation. There were no significant differences in serum levels of FSH, LH, E 2 and AMH before surgery, 3 days, and 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment for ovarian mature cystic teratoma.