Objective To investigate the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Methods In this retrospective study, patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2012 to June 2015 were enrolled. All patients accepted EEG monitoring at least once, and tumor screening, symptomatic therapy, as well as immunotherapy. Outcomes were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 6 and 12 months after immunotherapy, and mRS score 0-2 was defined as favorable outcome. Results Forty-one patients aged (27±12) (13-58) years were enrolled, 19 of whom were male. All patients received EEG monitoring 55 times totally. Among 41 patients in disease peak period, 39 patients (95.1%) had abnormal EEG, 2 patients had normal EEG. The abnormality of brain MRI scan accounted for 51.2%. Abnormal EEG included diffuse slowing (12 patients, 29.3%), epileptic discharges (9 patients, 22.0%), rhythmic delta activity (6 patients, 14.6%), extreme delta brush (EDB) (6 patients, 14.6%), focal slowing (4 patients, 9.8%), and rhythmic delta frequency activity without EDB (2 patients, 4.9%). Clinical items did not show statistically significant difference between the patients with EDB and those without EDB. The patients with normal EEG, epileptic discharges, rhythmic delta activity, or rhythmic delta frequency activity without EDB all had favorable outcomes after 12 months′ treatments. Conclusions The great majority of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis had abnormal EEG. EEG could sensitively reflect the changes of brain function and could be helpful in early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The most common electrographic pattern was found to be diffuse slowing in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. EEG of some patients showed EDB.

Objective:To explore the significance of next-generation sequencing to detect gene mutations for diagnosis of patients with unexplained pancytopenia.Methods:The next-generation sequencing was used to detect 32 common hematological tumor gene mutations in 113 patients with unexplained pancytopenia in Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital from February 2016 to February 2019.Results:The next-generation sequencing results showed that of the 32 genes tested in 113 patients, 69 mutations occurred in 25 genes. Among them, 105 patients (92.9%) carried at least 1 gene mutation, and the median number of mutations was 2 (1-5). Fifty-one patients were diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and the related mutant genes were detected; 62 patients were diagnosed with atypical aplastic anemia or cytopenia of unknown significance. The total effective rate of treatment for 113 patients was 65.5% (74/113).Conclusion:The next-generation sequencing helps to diagnose patients with unexplained pancytopenia, and provides targeted strategies for finding new treatments and prolonging the overall survival of patients.

Objective To evaluate the value of MRS in quantitative assessment of degeneration of lumbar discs.Methods Totally 82 patients with lumbago underwent lumbar MR scanning.All the discs were classified with Pfirrmann grades in the sequences of sagittal T2WI.The area under N-acetyl peak,under water peak and the ratio of N-acetyl/Water were measured by MRS.Correlation between MRS values and Pfirrmann grade,age were analyzed.Results In 82 patients,204 lumbar discs were measured by MRS.There were 89,73,39,3 discs in Pfirrmann Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,V respectively.The areas of N-acetyl,water peak and N-acetyl/Water ratio of nucleus region were positively correlated with Pfirrmann grading,respectively (rs =-0.460,-0.204,-0.526,all P＜0.05).There were 62,25,37,51,29 discs in patients aged ＜30,30-39,40-49,50-59,＞59 years respectively.The ares of N-acetyl peak,N-acetyl/Water ratio of nucleus region was negatively correlated with the age (rs=-0.247,-0.385,both P＜0.05).Conclusion MRS can be used for quantitative assessment of lumbar discs degeneration.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of plasma renin concentration in patients with hypertension and the possibly methodological problems.Methods The subjects including 361 patients with hypertension[male: 184 cases, average age: (45.16±13.74)years old;female: 177 cases, average age: (51.04±12.68) years old]and 187 apparent healthy individuals[male: 92 cases, average age: (46.74±13.17)years old;female: 95 cases, average age: (47.33±13.18) years old]were recruited from Departments of Healthy Check-up and outpatients for hypertension in Tangshan Gongren Hospital. The plasma renin concentration was detected by chemiluminescence-Immunoassay.Results The plasma renin concentration shows log-transformed normal distribution both in healthy group and hypertension group. The range of plasma renin concentration in hypertension group is from 0.05 to 574.07 pg/ml, while that in apparent healthy group is from 3.24 to 120.40 pg/ml. The plasma renin concentration in both groups is higher in male than female (Hypertension t=2.19,P=0.029;Healthy people t=2.85,P=0.005). The average concentration of plasma renin in hypertension group is slightly higher, and the width of density distribution is larger in comparison with healthy group although there is no significant difference between them. However, the percentage of plasma renin abnormality was 26.59% (96/361) in hypertension group with 13.85%(50/361)of low renin subtype and 12.74%(46/361)of high renin subtype ConclusionsThe plasma renin concentration measured by Chemiluminescence-Immunoassay can be used as an effective tool for hypertension screening.

Objective: To predict the prognosis of cervical cancer, we constructed a novel model with 5 specific cell types and identified a potential biomarker. Methods: We employed CIBERSORT and xCell method to evaluate the abundances of 23 cells types in tumor microenvironment. Five specific cell types were filtrated to determine different immunotypes by applying least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method. The expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs) and effectors were validated by immunohistochemistry. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relevance between PIK3CA mutational status and ICPs. Results: Unsupervised clustering of patients on the basis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and fibroblasts identified patients with shorter overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR]=3.0729; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.5103–6.2522; p=0.0118). An immunoscore (IS) signature consisting of 5 immune cell types infiltrating in tumor core (CD8T, activated NK cells, neutrophils, activated mast cells, macrophages) was constructed using LASSO Cox regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves confirmed that the area under the curve of IS was significantly higher to that of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging alone (0.637 vs. 0.55). Survival analysis revealed patients in high IS group exhibited a poorer OS (HR=3.0113; 95% CI=1.8746–4.8373; p<0.0001). The multivariate analysis indicated the IS was an independent prognostic factor. In addition, the lower IS related to higher expression of ICPs and neoantigen load. Conclusions The identification of IS in cervical cancer tissues could facilitate patient risk stratification and selection of immunotherapeutic responses, but more prospective studies are needed to assess its reliability.

Abstract In recent years, the overall incidence of scoliosis in children and adolescents in China is on the rise, and it has become the third largest "killer" affecting the health of children and adolescents in China after obesity and myopia. The dysfunction caused by spinal deformity has no obvious pathological manifestations or clinical symptoms in children and adolescents (except for severe scoliosis). It is easy to be ignored in the early stage, but if it is not intervened in time, this will cause serious damage to the long term prognosis and quality of life of the patients. Therefore, through early scoliosis screening, we can effectively monitor the spinal health status of children and adolescents in China, ensure timely diagnosis of the disease, timely intervention (brace and other conservative treatment), and play the role of early prevention. Avoid further deterioration of scoliosis and surgical intervention. This article will focus on the research progress of screening and conservative treatment of scoliosis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of caffeine citrate administering at different time on outcome and neurodevelopment of premature infants. Methods: A total of 113 preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks and birth weight less than 1 500 g who were hospitalized and treated in the neonatal intensive care unit from January 2018 to June 2018 were enrolled.According to the time when caffeine citrate treatment was started, they were divided into early treatment group(≤1 days) with 53 infants and late treatment group(1 to 10 days) with 60 infants.A retrospective analysis was performed for their clinical data.The perinatal conditions, treatment process and clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared and the neurological development was followed up at 12 months old. Results: Compared with the late treatment group, the early treatment group had a significantly shorter durations of mechanical ventilation time, oxygen therapy time, hospitalization days and a significantly lower incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosusand intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia, and there were significant differences between two groups(P<0.05, respectively). The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment score in the early treatment group was higher than that in the late treatment group at 40 weeks of gestational age, and there was significant difference between two groups(P<0.05). The mental developmental index at 3 months of corrected age, the mental developmental index and psychomotor developmental index at 12 months were significantly better in the early treatment group than those in the late treatment group, and there were significant differences between two groups(P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion Early use of caffeine citrate can improve the outcome of premature infants and improve the prognosis of nervous system.

Objective:To explore the difference of constituents and contents of volatile oil in Perilla leaf and Perilla stem.Methods:The volatile oils of Perillaleaf and Perillastems were extracted with steam distillation method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was used to detect the chemical constituents of volatile oil from different parts of Perilla frutescens. The relative percentage content of each component was determined by peakarea normalization method, and the differences of the components and contents of volatile oils from different parts of Perilla frutescens were compared.Results:A total of 24 volatile oil components were identified in perilla leaves and 19 volatile oil components in Perilla stems. The most components in Perilla leaf and Perilla stems was 2-Hexanoyl furan. The content of 2-Hexanoyl furan in the oil of Perilla leaf reached 67.493%. The content of 2-Hexanoyl furan in the oil of Perilla stem reached 70.473%.Conclusions:The composition and content of volatile oil in different parts of Perillafrutescens are different.

Objective To study the rat pulmonary irritant of aerosol inhaled Tanreqing and Reduning injection .Methods Rats were devided into two groups for each medicine (low concentration group and high concentration group ) ,nebulized drug administration for seven days ,with the control group irrigated with saline ,and were sacrificed .Through bronchoalveolar lav-age ,excurrent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was used for total protein determination and LDH vitality test to evaluate pulmonary toxicity of two medicines .Results The protein concentrations of two groups in low and high concentrations of Tan-reqing and Reduning respectively are (193 .78 ± 27 .74) ,(235.33 ± 50.41)μg/ml;(174 .02 ± 17 .82) ,(227 .27 ± 66 .03)μg/ml;LDH vitalities respectively are 1065 .21 ± 181 .76 ,1467 .33 ± 101 .87;307 .97 ± 47 .56 ,1377 .29 ± 566 .48 .By t-test ,compared with normal saline ,there was no significant effect among these five groups on protein concentration ,but these two medicine were able to improve LDH activity (P<0 .05) which was more obvious in high concentration group .When two medicines were in low concentration ,LDH activity was higher in Tanreqing group with statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Aero-sol inhaled Tanreqing and Reduning injection in rats have some pulmonary irritation and potential safety hazard in this delivery w ay .

OX40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. In the immune response of the body, OX40 and the OX40 ligand (OX40/OX40L) on the antigen-presenting cell membrane are important co-stimulatory molecules, which can promote the proliferation of T cells. And OX40 also has the dual role of activating and enhancing the T cell immune response. OX40/OX40L is an important target for tumor immunotherapy, and clinical studies of several OX40 agonists are currently underway. This article reviews the immunoregulatory mechanisms of OX40/OX40L and its research progress in lymphoma immunotherapy.