Kidney transplantation is the most fundamental treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, due to the long-term malnutrition of the patient before transplantation, coupled with the use of stress stimulation, immunosuppressive agents, and high-dose hormones after kidney transplantation, the patient is in a hypermetabolic state, and malnutrition is aggravated. The nutrition status of patients has a significant impact on the prognosis and development of kidney transplantation. Therefore, this article reviews the current status of nutrition intervention, the assessment of malnutrition, the related factors of malnutrition, and nutrition management in kidney transplantation recipients, so as to provide a reference for the nutrition and diet management of kidney transplantation recipients.