Inflammation response is the most crucial link in the pathogeneses of spinal cord injury (SCI),and is the basis of secondary damage. NF-κB Signalling pathway is activated excessively after SCI,so that numerous NF-κB possessing biological activities is quickly translocated into the nuclear and regulates the target genes,resulting in heightened inflammation and further tissue damage. Suppressing NF-κB signalling pathway and controlling inflammation response effectively are effective approaches to promoting SCI repair. It is found that curcumin has multiple target molecules to suppress NF-κB signalling pathway,block the excessive activation of NF-κB and reduce the expression of proinflammation cytokines,which plays an important role in SCI repair. This article discusses NF-κB signalling pathway,the contribution of NF-κB signalling pathway to SCI and the role of curcumins inhibition of NF-κB signalling pathway in SCI.

OBJECTIVE To explore potential proarrhythmic effect and underlying mechanism of azithromycin (AZM) and Shengmai injection (SM) used clinically.METHODS ① In vivo guinea pig ECG recordings were made to analyze effects of jugular intravenous(iv) injection of AZM [38.2 mg· kg-1,one time (clinically relevant dose,CRD)],or SM (4.6 mL· kg-1,one time CRD) or their combination.②In vitro ECG recordings were made to analyze effects of AZM,SM or AZM + SM on ECG in isolated hearts of guinea pigs.AZM [one,five and ten times (clinically relevant concentrations,CRC)] was perfused in this order:41.5 →207.5 → 415 mg· L-1 and SM (one,five and ten times CRC) in this order:5 →25 →50 mL· L-1.Also,AZM (41.5 mg· L-1,one time CRC) +SM (5 mL· L-1,one time CRC) was perfused to isolated hearts of guinea pigs.③ Enzymatically isolated cardiomyocytes from guinea pig left ventricles were perfused in this order:AZM 41.5 mg· L-1 →AZM 41.5 mg· L-1+SM 5 mL· L-1 for action potential,L-type Ca2+ and Na+ current recordings,respectively.RESULTS ① Neither AZM 38.2 mg· kg-1,nor SM 4.6 mL· kg-1 significantly changed the in vivo ECG.However,AZM 38.2 mg· kg-1 +SM 4.6 mL · kg-1 significantly reduced heart rate (P＜0.05) and prolonged the P-R (P＜0.05) and QRS (P＜0.05) intervals.②AZM 41.5,207.5 and 415 mg· L-1 reduced heart rate (P＜0.05) and prolonged the P-R (P＜0.05) and QRS (P＜0.05) intervals in a concentration-dependent manner.AZM 415 mg·L-1 also prolonged QTc (P＜0.05) interval.SM 5,25 and 50 mL· L-1 reduced heart rate (P＜0.05) and prolonged the P-R interval (P＜0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner.SM had no effect on QRS or QTc intervals.Washout partially recovered the above changes.Moreover,AZM 41.5 mg· L-1 + SM 5 mg·L-1 significantly reduced heart rate (P＜0.05) and prolonged the P-R (P＜0.05) and QRS intervals.③ AZM 41.5 mg·L-1 did not significantly change the action potential amplitude (APA),action potential durations at 50％ (APD50) and 90％ (APD90) repolarization levels,or L-type Ca2+ and Na+ currents.However,AZM+SM 5 mg· L-1 significantly reduced APA (P＜0.05),shortened APD50 (P＜0.05) and APD90 (P＜0.05) and inhibited the L-type Ca2+ (P＜0.05) and Na+ (P＜0.05) currents.CONCLUSION AZM and SM has potential prorrhythmic risks.The combined use might cause higher risk of arrhythmia.The underlying mechanism for proarrhythmia is mediated by inhibition of the L-type Ca2+ and Na+ currents.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of reinforced health education on deep radiofrequency thermotherapy for patients with tumor. METHODS: From June 2012 to June 2014, 106 patients who underwent deep radiofrequency thermotherapy in our hospital were randomly selected, and were divided into a control group (n=69) and an observation group (n=65). The observation group received reinforced health education while the control group received the traditional health education before treatment. Th e reinforced health education included preparation, cooperation and health behavior during and aft er treatment. Th en the compliance rate, degree of satisfaction, and the awareness rate of related knowledge were compared and analyzed aft er treatment between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Th e compliance rate in the observation group and the control group was 85.51% and 63.08% respectively; there was significant difference in the awareness rates of related knowledge and the overall degree of satisfaction between the patients and their family members (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Implement of reinforced health education is benefit to patients to understand the content of health education before treatment and keep health behavior after treatment, and can also improve the compliance, the degree of satisfaction in the deep radiofrequency thermotherapy for patients with tumor.
Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Patient Compliance ; Patient Education as Topic

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the differential expression of circRNAs in human blood, as a diagnostic marker for pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus( T2DM). Methods Microarray analysis was used to select several differentially expressed circRNAs from three normal patients and three T2DM patients. Enlarge the sample size(normal controls,n=20;subjects with impaired glucose regulation,n=20;and type 2 diabetes mellitus,n=20) to determine a circRNA which the most evident differentially expressed by fluorescence quantitative PCR( Q-PCR). Then they were verified with expanded samples ( normal controls, n= 50; impaired glucose regulations,n=50;type 2 diabetes mellitus, n=50) by Q-PCR. Results A total of 2 953 differentially expressed circRNAs were found in microarray analysis, of which 1 439 were up-regulated and 1 514 were down-regulated. Nine differentially expressed circRNAs were selected from the 1 439 circRNAs that were up-regulated(hsa-circ-103838, hsa-circ-103965, hsa-circ-104227, hsa-circ-002117, hsa-circ-000094, hsa-circ-101226, hsa-circ-101720, hsa-circ-400029, and hsa-circ-100633). The Q-PCR results of the expanded sample( n=60) showed that the difference expression of hsa-circ-000094(Alias:has-circ-0000247) in the nine circRNAs was the most obvious one among the 3 groups, the area under the maximum curve was found by ROC curve analysis, SIGR=0. 802 5[ 95% confidence interval (0.665 5-0.939 5), P=0.001]; ST2DM=0.77[95% confidence interval (0.624-0.916), P=0.003]. In order to verify the clinical diagnostic ability of hsa-circ-000094, the experiment was conducted to further expand the sample ( n=150). The results showed that the expression of hsa-circ-000094 in the three groups was different, the difference and ROC curve analysis were statistically significant, SIGR=0. 673 3 [ 95% confidence interval (0.575 7-0. 771 0), P＜0. 01]; ST2DM=0. 723 1 [ 95% confidence interval ( 0. 632 7-0. 813 4), P＜ 0.01]. Conclusion The higher expression of hsa-circ-000094 in peripheral blood provides a certain diagnostic basis for pre-diabetes as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Tyrosine-3-monooxy genase/tryptophane-5-monooxy-genase activator protein ( 14-3-3 protein ) is a family of highly conservative and widely expressed acidic polypeptides in all eukaryotic cells. The 14-3-3 protein family consists of adaptors and scaffolds that participates in many cellular processes, such as apoptosis and metabolism. Recent studies have found that 14-3-3 protein is associated with many proteins related to lipid metabolism. It could be exploited for therapy of lipid metabolism disorders. This paper briefly describes the role of the 14-3-3 protein in the lipid metabolism and its related diseases.

Informed consent is an important ethical symbol in clinical research,and researchers have the responsibility to fully inform participants of the research information before conducting clinical research.However,it is difficult to obtain complete informed consent form participants or their guardians within a narrow treatment time period in clinical research conducted in emergency situations.Currently,in addition to traditional general informed consent,there are also reality-accepted informed consent,including exemption of informed consent,broad informed consent,and deferred informed consent.By introducing the origin and development process of deferred informed consent in clinical research,this paper sorted out the current application status of deferred informed consent,proposed the prerequisites for applying deferred informed consent in emergency situations,and explored the issues that need to be noted during the application process of deferred informed consent.It is hoped to provide an ethical defense and ethical procedure for the application of deferred informed consent in clinical research in emergency situations.

ObjectiveTo analyze the quantity-quality transfer of standard decoction of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma（GRR） decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting， and to provide reference for quality control and application development of the decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting. MethodTen batches of representative GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting and their standard decoctions were prepared by standard process， and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） fingerprint of the standard decoction was established and performed on an Agilent EC-C₁₈ column（4.6 mm×150 mm， 2.7 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution（B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-23 min， 18%-21%A； 23-35 min， 21%-28%A； 35-80 min， 28%-32%A）， and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. Then similarity evaluation， principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） of fingerprint of the standard decoction were performed to screen the differential components with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the screened known differential components， and combined with the indicators of the dry extract rate and the transfer rate， to explore the differences in the quantity-quality transfer between the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting. ResultThe fingerprint similarity of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting was more than 0.950， and 18 common peaks were identified， including 9 identified common peaks. The results of PCA and PLS-DA showed that there were some differences in the contents of index components between the two standard decoctions. The contents of ginsenoside Rg₁， Re and Ro in GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rb₁， Rc ， Rb₂ and Rd were lower than those in traditional decoction pieces. The contents of ginsenoside Rg₁， Re， Rb₁ and Ro in the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rc ， Rb₂ and Rd were comparable between the two standard decoctions. Compared with the standard decoction of the traditional decoction pieces， the average transfer rates of ginsenoside Rg₁， Rb₁， Rc， Rb₂ and dry extract rate of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the average transfer rate of ginsenoside Re and Rd also increased， but the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionThe dry extract rate， content and transfer rate of index components of standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting are better than those of the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， which can provides data support for the subsequent clinical application of fresh cutting products.

Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Propofol ; therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Embolism ; complications ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; drug therapy ; etiology