Objective:To investigate the inhibition of Streptococcus oligofermentans(So)on Streptococcus mutans(Sm)and the hydro-gen peroxide(H2 O2 )producibility by So under different sucrose concentration environment.Methods:The inhibition of So on Sm was observed by plating method under different sucrose concentration environment.The initial synthesis rates and production of H2 O2 by So were determined by 4-aminoantipyine-horseradish peroxidase method.Results:Under 500 mmol/L of H2 O2 ,the inhibition of So on Sm was not observed.Under the other sucrose concentration environment,the inhibition of So on Sm was as following:50 mmol/L >0 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L(P <0.05);the initial synthesis rates of H2 O2 by So under different sucrose concentrations were as following:50 mmol/L >0 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L >500 mmol/L(P <0.05);the total production of H2 O2 by So:0 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L >50 mmol/L >500 mmol/L(P <0.05).When So was inoculated before Sm,the inhibition of So on Sm was stronger than that when the two species were inoculated at the same time.Conclusion:The capability of the inhibition of So on Sm and the production of H2 O2 by So are influenced by sucrose concentration.

Objective To investigate the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination in the efficacy evaluation of infliximab combined with seton placement for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (PFCD) and influencing factors of deep remission.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 57 patients with PFCD who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from August 2010 to October 2017 were collected.There were 39 males and 18 females,aged (24±9)years,with a range of 14-58 years.Patients underwent MRI examination preoperatively and postoperatively.Observation indicators:(1) follow-up situations;(2) influencing factors analysis of deep remission of PFCD.Follow-up using outpatient and inpatient reexamination was performed to detect clinical recovery of patients up to October 2017.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Count data were represented as absolute number or percentage.The univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test.The multivariate analysis was done using the logistic regression model,using P＜0.15 as an inclusion criteria in the univariate analysis.Results (1) Follow-up situations:57 patients with PFCD undergoing inflixmab combined with seton placement were followed up for (40±24)months.During the follow-up,24 of 57 patients had clinical response,33 had long-term clinical healing.The fistulas of 24 patients with clinical response presented as high signal on T2 weighted image (T2WI) of postoperative MRI.Of 33 patients with long-term clinical healing,the fistulas of 16 patients with deep remission presented loss of high signal and replacement of fibrosis tissue on T2WI of postoperative MRI,the fistulas of 17 patients without deep remission presented as high signal on T2WI of postoperative MRI.(2) Influencing factors analysis of deep remission of PFCD:results of univariate analysis showed that extent of fistula was related factors affecting deep remission of PFCD (x2 =4.312,P＜0.05).Results of multivariate analysis showed that a single fistula complicated with branches and times of infliximab maintenance treatment ≤3 were independent risk factors affecting deep remission of PFCD (odds ratio=4.377,4.296,95％ confidence interval:1.124-17.043,1.158-15.940,P＜0.05) and fistula under levator ani muscle was an independent protective factor affecting deep remission of PFCD (odds ratio =0.182,95％ confidence interval:0.041-0.815,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Partial patients with long-term clinical healing can achieve deep remission after Infliximab combined with seton placement for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease,requiring MRI examination to further evaluate recovery situations.A single fistula complicated with branches and times of infliximab maintenance treatment ≤ 3 are independent risk factors affecting deep remission of PFCD and fistula under levator ani muscle is an independent protective factor affecting deep remission of PFCD.

Objective·To analyze and explore the influencing factors that lead to cognitive deterioration in individuals with elevated fasting blood glucose(FBG)and the metabolic clues associated with changes in the risk of cognitive deterioration.Methods·Data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)database were downloaded,and the samples with FBG and follow-up data were selected from the database.Clinical information,including age,gender,body mass index,education years,apolipoprotein E4(APOE4)genotype and race,and corresponding metabolic indicator data,including amino acids,fatty acids,proteins and others were obtained.Based on the FBG levels and diagnosis of cognitive impairment stages in Alzheimer's disease,the subjects were categorized into four groups:normal FBG without/with cognitive deterioration,and elevated FBG without/with cognitive deterioration.The univariate analysis method,the Cox proportional hazards model,orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis(OPLSDA),and Spearman correlation analysis were employed for data analysis.Results·A total of 1 317 subjects were included,among which 1 153 had normal FBG level(>3.9 mmol/L and<6.1 mmol/L)and 164 had elevated FBG level(≥6.1 mmol/L).In the normal FBG group,275 subjects showed cognitive deterioration,while in the elevated FBG group,53 subjects showed cognitive deterioration.Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in gender and race between the normal FBG and elevated FBG group,and significant differences in age,gender,and APOE4 genotype between the groups with and without cognitive deterioration(all P<0.05).Cox regression analysis indicated that primary influencing factors for cognitive deterioration were APOE4 positivity,elevated FBG,and increasing age in order(HR=2.22,HR=1.38,HR=1.02;all P<0.05).In the analysis of baseline metabolic indicators in the groups without and with cognitive deterioration,as well as metabolic indicators before and after cognitive deterioration at different FBG levels,the results of the analysis of variance revealed that in the cognitively deteriorated population,the ratio of phospholipids carried by high-density lipoproteins(HDL)to total lipids was significantly higher;low-density lipoprotein(LDL)particle concentration and the lipids carried by LDL were significantly higher after cognitive deterioration.Correlation analysis showed that valine and leucine were significantly correlated not only with FBG level but also with phosphorylated tau(pTau)level in the plasma in the cognitively deteriorated population.Cholesterol and the ratio of phospholipids to total lipids carried by HDL were significantly correlated with pTau levels in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).Conclusion·Compared to the individuals with normal FBG level,those with high FBG level have a significantly higher risk of cognitive deterioration.Additionally,different metabolic indicators show significant differences between the groups without and with cognitive deterioration,as well as metabolic indicators before and after cognitive deterioration at different FBG levels.Overall,LDL and its lipid content,and HDL-carried phospholipids show an increasing trend during cognitive deterioration,and the branched-chain amino acids valine and leucine are significantly correlated with pTau levels in CSF and plasma,suggesting that these metabolic markers may play an important role in cognitive deterioration.

Objective To study the influence of environmental factors on the two?species biofilm formed by the combinations of Streptococcus oligofermentans (So) with Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Streptococcus sanguinis (Ss) with Sm so as to evaluate the role of So in maintaining the microecological balance of the oral cavity. Methods Single?and two?species biofilms were grown on saliva?coated surfaces (glass tube and 96?well plate). Colony?counting method and safranin staining method were used to measure the biofilms formed under various oxygen conditions (aerobic and anaerobic), sucrose conditions (0%, 1% and 5% sucrose concentrations) and pH conditions (5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0). Results Comparing the numbers of Sm in two co?cultures under various conditions, Sm counts in So+Sm group [(7.70 ± 2.46)× 108 CFU/ml] were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group [(9.00 ± 1.13)×108 CFU/ml] in aerobic environment (P<0.05). Sm counts in So+Sm group [(2.80±0.52)×108 CFU/ml] were also significantly lower than those in the Ss+Sm group [(4.00±1.25)×108 CFU/ml] in anaerobic environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group [(8.90±0.82)×108 CFU/ml] were significantly higher than those in Ss+Sm group [(7.50± 1.73)×108 CFU/ml] in 0% sucrose environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group [(5.70 ± 2.94)× 108 CFU/ml] were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group [(10.30±3.21)×108 CFU/ml] in 1% sucrose environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group [(6.10±1.71)×108 CFU/ml] were also significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group [(7.40±1.20)×108 CFU/ml] in 5% sucrose environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group [(3.50 ± 1.50)×108 CFU/ml] were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group [(10.70±2.80)×108 CFU/ml] in pH7.0 environment (P<0.05). Comparing the formation of biofilm after 24 h cultivation, the Sm counts in So+Sm group were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group both in aerobic and anaerobic environments (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group were significantly higher than those in Ss+Sm group in 0% sucrose environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group in 1% and 5% sucrose and pH 7.0 environments (P<0.05). Both So and Ss had no inhibitory effect on Sm in pH5.5 and pH8.0 environments. Conclusions In the in vitro two?species co?culture systems, So showed stronger inhibitory effects than Ss on Sm and its inhibitory ability might influenced by various environmental factors.

Objective: To study the influence of environmental factors on the two-species biofilm formed by the combinations of Streptococcus oligofermentans (So) with Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Streptococcus sanguinis (Ss) with Sm so as to evaluate the role of So in maintaining the microecological balance of the oral cavity. Methods: Single-and two-species biofilms were grown on saliva-coated surfaces (glass tube and 96-well plate). Colony-counting method and safranin staining method were used to measure the biofilms formed under various oxygen conditions (aerobic and anaerobic), sucrose conditions (0%, 1% and 5% sucrose concentrations) and pH conditions (5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0). Results: Comparing the numbers of Sm in two co-cultures under various conditions, Sm counts in So+Sm group [(7.70±2.46)×10⁸ CFU/ml] were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group [(9.00±1.13)×10⁸ CFU/ml] in aerobic environment (P<0.05). Sm counts in So+Sm group [(2.80±0.52)×10⁸ CFU/ml] were also significantly lower than those in the Ss+Sm group [(4.00±1.25)×10⁸ CFU/ml] in anaerobic environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group [(8.90±0.82)×10⁸ CFU/ml] were significantly higher than those in Ss+Sm group [(7.50±1.73)×10⁸ CFU/ml] in 0% sucrose environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group [(5.70±2.94)×10⁸ CFU/ml] were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group [(10.30±3.21) ×10⁸ CFU/ml] in 1% sucrose environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group [(6.10±1.71)×10⁸ CFU/ml] were also significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group [(7.40±1.20)×10⁸ CFU/ml] in 5% sucrose environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group [(3.50±1.50)×10⁸ CFU/ml] were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group [(10.70±2.80)×10⁸ CFU/ml] in pH7.0 environment (P<0.05). Comparing the formation of biofilm after 24 h cultivation, the Sm counts in So+Sm group were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group both in aerobic and anaerobic environments (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group were significantly higher than those in Ss+Sm group in 0% sucrose environment (P<0.05). The Sm counts in So+Sm group were significantly lower than those in Ss+Sm group in 1% and 5% sucrose and pH 7.0 environments (P<0.05). Both So and Ss had no inhibitory effect on Sm in pH5.5 and pH8.0 environments. Conclusions In the in vitro two-species co-culture systems, So showed stronger inhibitory effects than Ss on Sm and its inhibitory ability might influenced by various environmental factors.

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-142-5p in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)tis-sues and cell lines and its effects on oral squamous cell proliferation,migration,invasion and angiogenesis.Meth-ods Sixteen groups of oral tumour tissues and paraneoplastic tissues were collected,and qRT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of miR-142-5p in the tissues.The effects of miR-142-5p on cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were observed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),cloning,wound healing,Transwell,invasion assays,and the effect of miR-142-5p on angiogenesis was also detected by lumen formation assay.The expression of angiogene-sisrelated proteins vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGFA),vascular endothelial calreticulin(VE-cadherin),epithelial calreticulin(E-cadherin),matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2),and matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9)was detected by Western blot after overexpression of miR-142-5p.Results miR-142-5p was lowly ex-pressed in oral tumour tissues and cell lines.CCK-8 and clonogenic assays showed that miR-142-5p was inversely correlated with the proliferation of OSCC cells,wound healing and Transwell assays showed that miR-142-5p was inversely correlated with the migration of OSCC cells,and cell invasion assays showed that miR-142-5p was con-versely correlated with the invasion of OSCC cells.Analysis of lumen formation assay showed that overexpression of miR-142-5p reduced the tube length and nodes of HUVECs.Western blot assay showed that up-regulation of miR-142-5p inhibited the VEGFA,VE-cadherin,MMP2,MMP9 expression and promoted E-cadherin expression.Con-clusion Overexpression of miR-142-5p inhibites the proliferative,migratory and invasive effects of oral squamous carcinoma cells as well as angiogenesis,suggesting that miR-142-5p is a novel target for anti-tumour angiogenesis and against oral squamous carcinoma.