Objective To explore the clinical features and sum up the laws of the hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in its diagnosis and treatment. Methods FNH was an uncommon benign hepatic tumor that often posed diagnostic dilemmas. We analyzed retrospectively the clinical, imaging of ultrasound, imaging of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance images (MRI), and pathological materials of 21 patients with FNH proven by the pathological diagnosis during 5 years from April 1996 through April 2001 in two hospitals. Results The diagnosis of FNH remained a challenge for clinicians and surgeons. Rate of correct diagnosis of FNH was low preoperatively (19.0%). The lesions of FNH were seen in males and females (m/f: 14/7). Only three female patients (3/7) had the history of taking oral contraceptive. Patients with FNH were largely young and middle age persons (81.0% under 50 years), discovered by accident (57.1%), without infection of the hepatitis B virus (95.2%) and with normal liver functions (100%) and serum AFP levels (100%). Color Doppler ultrasound showed blood vessels passing through the lesion (80.0%) and there was abundant in blood (66.7%). CT scan showed that the lesion had transient immediate enhancement in 60.0% of patients and had homogeneous signal in 60.0% after bolus injection. MR imaging demonstrated early vigorous enhancement (64.3%), homogenous signal (57.1%) and having central scar (35.7%) in the lesion. The demonstration of a central scar in the lesion was very helpful for the diagnosis of FNH. MRI was more helpful for the diagnosis of FNH using liver specific contrast agents: superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO). All patients underwent focus resection (18 cases) or segmentectomy (2 cases), except one having no treatment. Conclusion FNH shows some typical clinical and imaging features. We could increase the rate of correct diagnosis by comprehensively analyzing the clinical and imaging materials. It is very important and necessary to determine a definite diagnosis of FNH, hepatic adenoma (HA) and primary liver cancer (PLC) preoperatively, because the HA and PLC must be surgically resected, FNH can only be followed up.

Alpha-fetoprotein reactive to pisum sativum agglutinin (AFP-R-P) in liver tumor tissues, surrounding noncancerous tissues and peripheral blood from 25 cases of primary liver cancer were measured. Their medium and standard deviation were 41 ?26%, 30?27% and 36?25%, respectively. AFP-R-P levels were lower in the tumors with a diameter of less than 3cm, intact capsule, no invasion of surrounding liver tissues and no tumor thrombus. The patients with lower AFP-R-P levels had a longer survival. The results indicate that AFP-R-P is secreted mainly by tumor cells possessing more malignant behaviour, diffused directly in surrounding liver tissues and entered into peripheral blood, resulting in elevated serum AFP-R-P.

To determine the content of dendrobine in Dendrobium nobile from different harvest times and plant parts, to research the inherent rule about it. GC with internal standard was used to determine. The content of dendrobine had significant differences in different periods and parts. The dendrobine content is higher in four-year root than in three-year root. The dendrobine content in the upper segment of stem is the highest, secondly is in the middle seg-ment, and in the low segment is the lowest. This offered evidence to determine the most appropriate harvest time and fair use of different parts for D.nobil.

Objective To study the clinical,imaging and pathological features of hepatic angiomyolipoma,and to investigate methods in improving the preoperative diagnosis rate.Methods The imaging features and treatment experience of 73 patients with hepatic angiomyolipoma who had been admitted to the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from 2000 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were classified according to the imaging features and corresponding treatments were applied.Results Of all patients,7 were diagnosed preoperatively.The diagnostic rate of B ultrasound,computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were 0,13%(7/56)and 6% (2/33),respectively.According to the results of imaging examination,6 patients were with the type of hemangioma,17 with the type of lipoma,4 with the type of leiomyoma and 46 with mixed type.One patient was treated by radiofrequeney ablation and 72 by surgical resection.Twenty-four patients were presented with pulmonary infection,pleural effusion,ascites or slight hepatic dysfunction.Postoperative immunohistochemical assay demonstrated that HMB45 had the highest positive expression rate,then followed by smooth muscle actin,vimentin,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,CD34,polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen,CD18,CD19 and p53.One patient died of postoperative tumor recurrence.Conclusions Hepatic angiomyolipoma is easy to be misdiagnosed,while imaging classification is helpful in the diagnosis.Surgical resection is beneficial to patients with hepatic angiomyolipoma.

Gallbladder carcinoma is a common malignant tumor of the biliary system characterized by poor specificity of early symptoms， a high degree of malignancy， and rapid progression， and it is difficult to make an early diagnosis. Gallstones and gallbladder polyps are considered the most common risk factors for gallbladder carcinoma. Ultrasound is the preferred examination， while CT， MRI， and PET also have their own advantages. There is a lack of radical treatment methods for gallbladder carcinoma， and surgical operation remains the preferred treatment method for gallbladder carcinoma； however， due to the rapid progression of this disease， most patients have lost the opportunity for surgery at the time of diagnosis. A combination of various treatment modalities， such as radiochemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy， has improved the prognosis of patients to a certain extent， but with an unsatisfactory long-term therapeutic effect. Therefore， it is of particular importance to give priority to prevention rather than treatment and emphasize early identification and treatment.

OBJECTIVETo clone a novel liver cancer associated gene, and to explore the molecular basis of liver cancer genesis.

METHODSUsing mRNA differential display polymerase chain reaction (DDPCR) and screening the human placenta cDNA library, we got a full-length cDNA of the gene. We prepared and purified the GST fusion protein and the special polyclonal antibody, engaged in the Western blot and immunohistochemical staining analysis, and analyzed the second structures and predicted the function of the protein by the computer soft.

RESULTSWe have got a full-length cDNA of the liver cancer associated gene and identified that the full-length cDNA of the gene could be expressed in 293 eukaryocytes by Western blot assay. We localized the target protein in cytoplasm using the immunohistochemical staining methods, and found two SH3 binding domains and several protein kinase phosphorylation sites by analyzing the second structures.

CONCLUSIONSWe have got a novel full-length cDNA of human liver cancer associated gene.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytoplasm ; chemistry ; DNA, Neoplasm ; Gene Expression Profiling ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors

We have cloned full-length MDR1 cDNA from human normal liver tissue in previous study. Using this MDR1 cDNA as probe, we observed the MDR1 gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma treated with and without chemotherapy by Northern blot. The results showed that expression of MDR1 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was higher than that in their adjacent normal liver tissues; and enhanced MDR1 gene expression was also observed in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with chemotherapic agents. We also explored a method for quantitative analysis of MDR1 gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction. This study suggests that overexpression of MDR1 gene may be responsible for the intrinsic and acquired drug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma, and PCR is a preferable method for quantitative analysis of MDR1 gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression of peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx 1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) and to evaluate the relationship between the expressions of Prx 1 and the postoperative recurrence of this disease. Methods Immunohisto chemistry and Western blotting were performed to examine the expression of Prx 1 protein in 40 patients with HCC with PVTT. Experiments on Sprague Dawley (SD) rat hepatoma model were further carried out to observe the pathological changes of Prx 1 by immunohistochemistry. Clinical outcomes were analyzed to find a correlation between the recurrence and positive rate of Prx 1. Results The expression level of Prx 1 was significantly up-regulated in primary tumor tissues than in tumor thrombosis samples (P＜0.01). Immunohistochemistry results showed that the positive rate of Prx 1 in primary tumor tissues were higher than that in tumor thrombosis. Western blotting confirmed a same trend in the level of Prx 1, the average luminosity of the blots were 1534.2 and 735.6, respectively. There was a significant difference in SD rat hepatoma model, the 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24-week positive rates of Prx 1 in liver tumor tissues were 60%, 80%, 75% ,65%, 40% and 25% respectively. Clinical outcomes showed that the time to first postoperative recurrence of Prx 1 in the primary tumor positive group was significantly higher than that in the negative group (6. 3 vs 3. 7 months, P＜0. 01). Conclusions Prx 1 protein was down-regulated in HCC with PVTT. There was a negative correlation between the expression of Prx 1 and recurrence.

OBJECTIVE：To prov ide effective improvement paths and policy suggestions for improving the innovation efficiency of TCM industrial enterprises. METHODS ：Based on the input and output data of innovation resources of 38 listed TCM industrial enterprises from 2014 to 2020，an evaluation index system was constructed from the perspective of all factors. First ，the deta envelopment analysis （DEA）model was used to measure the static efficiency of the sample enterprises ，and at the same time ， four patterns of innovative resource utilization were provided ；then the total factor Malmquist index method was used to analyze the decomposition of the changes in utilization efficiency of innovative resources according to different periods and micro-individuals. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The overall efficiency of innovative resource utilization of listed TCM industrial enterprises was too low，and the average overall efficiency was only 0.293. The input and output of innovation resources of 33 enterprises were unreasonable，and the reasons for the inefficiency are mostly due to insufficient pure technical efficiency. The average value of the all-factor Malmquist index was 0.818 for 38 sample enterprises ，and the overall efficiency was declining. The obstacles to technological progress were a more important reason for the decline in efficiency. It is recommended to improve TCM industrial enterprise’s ability to allocate innovation resources and adjust the proportion of R&D investment in conjunction with the return to scale；clarify the development principles with scientific and technological innovation as the core driving force ，and actively carry out basic research work ；implement the production and research platform of “TCM industrial enterprise-TCM research institution ” to promote the overall technological progress of the industry.