Objective To investigate the status of clinical using of blood products in Shanghai area,clinicians' understanding on transfusion knowledge and consciousness of prevention of transfusion risk.Methods Two hundreds of clinicians who were randomly selected from level two and above hospitals of Shanghai were inquired by questionnaire.Data including understanding of transfusion techniques,prevention of transfusion risk,application of blood components and grasp of new techniques were collected and analyzed.Results Among all interviewed clinicians,those who realized the importance of transfusion on clinical work,who understood the basic contents of clinical guideline for transfusion issued by Ministry of Health People's Republic of China,and who had the basic knowledge of blood component products and transfusion applications account for 62%,60% and 81% respectively.But only 28% clinicians knew all the side effects,27.3% learned the new techniques of transfusion,including leukocyte reduced,virus elimination,clinical application of irradiation.This investigation also showed 97% clinicians would like to accept training of transfusion,68% thought they need more relevant information about prevention of transfusion risk.Conclusions Clinicians in Shanghai area had the basic knowledge of clinical guideline for transfusion,but some knowledge of transfusion were insufficient including blood components and their applications,side effects and new techniques of transfusion.Clinicians in Shanghai had active response for being trained on knowledge of transfusion.

Objective To explore the differences of Th17 population and serum transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels between early-and late-stage primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and their roles in pathogenesis.Methods Peripheral Th17 counts were analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of IL-17A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and TGF-β1 were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Serum concentration of TGF-β1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Liver biopsies were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to determine the pathological stage.Results were evaluated using KrustalWallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U tests for comparisons of Th17 population between patients with early and late PBC,patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and health controls (HCs).ANOVA followed by LSD t-tests were used for comparing IL-17 mRNA,TGF-β1 mRNA and TGF-β1 serum concentration between groups.The correlations between Mayo risk score and peripheral Th17 of PBC patients,Mayo risk score and serum concentration of TGF-β1 was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis separately.Results The peripheral Th17 population increased in patients with early PBC (1.03±0.33)％,compared to those with late PBC [(0.48± 0.13％,U=14.0,P＜0.01],CHB [(0.56±0.35)％,U=104.5,P＜0.01],and HCs [(0.36±0.17)％,U=8.0,P＜0.01],while TGF-β1 changed in the opposite direction.Serum concentration of TGF-β1 elevated in late PBC (43.0± 18.7) ng/ml compared with early PBC (29.5±12.2) ng/ml,t=2.85,P=0.006.Conclusion The opposite changes of Th17 population and TGF-β1 level in early and late PBC indicated their different roles in different stages.Th17 may contribute to the autoimmune response in early PBC,participate in the occurrence of autoimmune inflammation,while TGF-β1 to fibrogenesis in late stage.In addition,the possible regulation mechanisms of differentiation of Th17 by TGF-β1 cannot be ignored.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the adequacy of hemodialysis by online clearance monitoring (OCM) and Kt/V of correlation analysis.MethodsThe Kt/V values of 48 maintenance hemodialysis patients in the Department of Nephrology of General Hospital of PLA were accessed by both OCM of Germany BeiLang Dialog + hemodialysis machine and single-pool urea kinetic model.The Kt/V calculation value was also checked by the urea dynamics - room variable volume model.The results generated at different time point were compared,including at the real time,before and after appearing through blood by On - line Clearance Monitoring,and correlation analysis of Kt/V value was performed.ResultsThere was no significant difference on evaluating the level of Kt/v by these two methods.The relationship between the results of the two methods was significantly positive related.(r=0.539,P ＜ 0.01).ConclusionsDuring hemodialysis,the OCM option provides an accurate tool for continuous on-line monitoring of urea clearance.

Objective To investigate the expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its receptors including CRFR1 and CRFR2 on mouse mesenteric lymph nodes dendritic cells (MLNDC), and to analyze their effects on the biological phenotypes of intestinal dendritic cells .Methods The MLNDCs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice by using magnetic bead sorting .The purity of CD11c+DCs was identified by flow cytometry .The double-labeling immunofluorescence and the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect the expression of CRF , CRFR1 and CRFR2 on MLNDCs.The MLNDCs were exposed to CRF with or without the interference of CRFR 1 and CRFR2 antagonists .Flow cy-tometry was used to measure the changes of surface molecules ( MHCⅠ and MHCⅡ) and co-stimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86).Results The CD11c+DCs accounted for (80.12±6.34)% of the isolate cells with a high cell viability of more than 90%.The expression of CRF , CRFR1 and CRFR2 at mRNA lev-el were detected in MLNDCs by RT-PCR.Results of the immunofluorescent staining assay indicated that both CRFR1 and CRFR2 were expressed on the surface of MLNDCs .The expression of CD86 on MLNDCs was inhibited by the treatment of MLNDCs with CRFR 1 antagonist , but enhanced by the treatment with CRFR2 antagonist .Conclusion Both CRF and CRFRs were detected in the MLNDCs isolated from the C57BL/6 mice.The CRF could alter the biological phenotypes of MLNDCs through binding to different CRFRs (CRFR1 and CRFR2), which affected the phenotypes of MLNDCs in opposite ways .

To synthesize salbutamol immunogen and develop an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), a new salbutamol immunogen was synthesized using 4-aminobenzoic acid as a linker to connect hapten with carrier protein. An enzyme immunoassay based on the antibody prepared was developed and applied to detect salbutamol residue spiked in swine liver. An unusual coating antigen, clenbuterol-ovalbumin (OVA) conjugate instead of salbutamol-OVA conjugate, was used in the immunoassay and the results were discussed based on the structures of related compounds. The antibodies showed high sensitivity in the heterologous assay when using clenbuterol-OVA as a coating antigen, with an IC50 value of 8.97 ng mL(-1) toward salbutamol. The antibodies prepared showed high cross-reactivity with clenbuterol (107%) and were promising for the simultaneous determination of salbutamol and clenbuterol residues in food and food products. Recovery rates from the salbutamol-spiked swine liver samples were in the range of 70%-99%, while the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were <13.3% and <14.3%, respectively. In summary, the antibodies of salbutamol have been successfully prepared. Sensitive and stable analysis for the detection of salbutamol residues in swine liver was obtained based on the competitive ELISA methods developed in this study.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of microRNA 130b-5p （miR-130b-5p） on the migration and invasion of human chorionic trophoblast cells （HTR8/SVneo） by targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1）. MethodsHTR8/SVneo cells were divided into control group， miR-NC group， miR-130b-5p mimics group， miR-130b-5p mimics+pcDNA3.1 group and miR-130b-5p mimics+pcDNA3.1-IGF-1 group. The dual luciferase reporter gene was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-130b-5p and IGF-1； real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression level of miR-130b-5p and IGF-1in HTR8/SVneo cell samples； the CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation of HTR8/SVneo cells； holographic cytometer and Transwell method was used to analyze the migration and invasion abilities of HTR8/SVneo cells； Western blot method was used to detect the expression of IGF-1， invasion， and epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） proteins in HTR8/SVneo cell samples. ResultsThe results of the dual luciferase reporter gene showed that IGF-1 was a potential target gene of miR-130b-5p； compared with the miR-NC group， the expression level of miR-130b-5p， the cell proliferation inhibition rate， and the expression level of E-cadherin increased significantly in the miR-130b-5p mimics group. The expression levels of IGF-1， c-Myc， Cyclin D1， migration distance， number of invaded cells， the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP9）， matrix metalloproteinase 2 （MMP2）， neural cadherin （N-cadherin） and Vimentin were significantly reduced （P<0.05）； compared with the miR-130b-5pmimics+pcDNA3.1 group， the cell proliferation inhibition rate and the expression level of E-cadherin in the miR-130b-5p mimics+pcDNA3.1-IGF-1 group were significantly reduced， while the expression levels of c-Myc and CyclinD1， migration distance， number of invasive cells， the expression levels of MMP9， MMP2， Vimentin and N-cadherin were significantly increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe overexpression of miR-130b-5p may inhibit the migration and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells by inhibiting the expression of IGF-1.

Objective:To investigate the changes of gene or protein expression and activity of matrix metalloprotein9 (MMP9) and tissue inhibitor ofmetalloproteinasel (TIMP1) in the carotid artery (CA) of 4 wk hindlimb unweighted rat.Methods:A 4 weeks(wk) hindlimb unweighted (HU) rat model was used to simulate the effect of weightlessness on the cardiovascular system.Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the content of ECM.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was conducted to measure the mRNA content MMP and TIMP1.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot technique were used to measure the protein abundance.Gelatin zymography was carried out to detect the activity of MMP9.Results:Compared to the control group (CON),the area of ECM was enhanced (P＜0.05) and the content of collage fiber was increased (P＜0.05) in the CA of HU rats;moreover,HU did not affect the mRNA expression of MMP9,but significantly reduced the protein content (P＜0.05) or enzymatic activity (P＜0.05).Accordingly,the mRNA or protein expression of TIMP1 in the CA was significantly increased by HU (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Simulated weightlessness caused imbalance between MMP and TIMP1 expression,which might contribute to the ECM aggregation and stiffness of CA.

In this article, the Chinese Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Subject Headings, Standards of the People's Republic of China - Classification and Codes of Diseases and Zheng of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Chinese Terms in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy were compared. Three standards were compared from the terminology quantity, content and classification. Each standard has its special feature. The compatibility and consistency are not strong in these standards. More authoritative traditional Chinese medicine terminology standards need to be established for the application in the clinical practice and scientific research.

Objective: To observe the pharmacokinetical character of borneol in the plasma of patients with coronary heart disease taking Suxiaojiuxin Pills. Methods: Six patients with coronary heart disease taking Suxiaojiuxin Pills, the concentration of borneol in the plasma was determined at the different time. Results: The concentration-time data analysis of borneol in the patients with coronary heart disease showed to fit a single compartment open model, and borneol reached the highest peak of the concentration of borneol in the plasma after 16min. Conclusion: The definitude of the pharmacokinetical character of borneol in the patients with coronary heart disease taking Suxiaojiuxin Pills provides guantified data for clinic.

BACKGROUND:As a lipid-lowering drug, simvastatin has been proved to be effective in promoting bone formation. Previous studies have demonstrated that local y applied simvastation accelerated fracture healing at middle phase in osteoporotic rats, while no study focuses on the influence of local y applied simvastatin on fracture healing at late period in an osteoporotic rat.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of simvastatin local y applied from a bioactive polymer coating of implants on osteoporotic fracture healing at late period.
METHODS:Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group, osteoporotic fracture group and simvastatin group. In the sham group, the abdominal cavity was exposed without ovariectomy. Six weeks later, femur fracture models were established in normal or osteotoporotic Sprague-Dawley rats, and intramedul ary stabilization was achieved with uncoated titanium Kirschner wires in normal rats (sham group),with polylactic acid coated titanium Kirschner wires (osteoporotic fracture group) and with simvastatin/polylactic acid coated titanium Kirschner wires (simvastatin group). Femurs were harvested after 12 weeks, bone mineral density was determined with dual X-ray absorptiometry, and then radiographic and histological analysis was performed for analysis of fracture healing. Immunohistochemical evaluation was employed for bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The bone mineral densities of both the total fractured femur and fractured site 12 weeks after fracture in the osteoporotic fracture group and simvastatin group were markedly decreased compared to normal fractured rats. The bone mineral density of the fractured site was significantly higher in the simvastatin group than the osteoporotic fracture group. Radiographic results demonstrated completely finished cal us remodeling in the sham group;poor healing, pale cal us density and blurred fracture line were seen in the osteoporotic fracture group;disappearance of fracture line, bone defects fil ed with cal us, and deep periosteal reaction were found in the simvastatin group. X-ray scores in the sham and simvastatin groups were significantly higher than that in the osteoporotic group (P<0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a delayed healing process in the osteoporotic group, and revealed a significantly processed cal us with regular-shaped newly formed bone trabeculae in the simvastatin group. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed no significant difference in the bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression between any two groups. These findings suggest an improved fracture healing under local application of simvastatin in osteoporotic rats.