In total, 607 bedridden patients aged 60 years and over at Tianlin community hospital and four other hospitals or at home-care in Shanghai were investigated with questionnaire, physical examinations and related laboratory tests. Contents of investigation include general situation, medical conditions, 24-hour recall of diet, intake of nutritional supplement preparation, and so on. As compare to the reference for nutrient intake of the elderly set in the Guide to Diet for Chinese Residents (2007), total nutritional intake was obviously insufficient and three nutrients in diet were imbalanced for most bedridden elderly patients. Intake of most nutrients (including proteins, dietary fiber, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium,copper, magnesium, phosphor, retinol equivalent, vitamin B1 , vitamin B2, vitamin C) was obviously low in bedridden elderly patients, with a larger gap from the requirements of the Dietary Guide.

ObjectiveTo detect specific antigens of neural cells in amniotic epithelial cells(AECs) in rats. MethodsAECs were dissociated and purified from the amnion of pregnancy 12—14 d rats. The expression of specific markers of neural stem cells (Nestin, Musashi) and differentiated cells (MAP-2,NSE,GFAP) and ChAT, NT-3 in the AECs were detected by immunocytochemistry. ResultsThe cultured AECs displayed positive immunoreactivity to MAP-2, NSE, GFAP, Nestin and Musashi. In addition, the cells also demonstrated immunoreactivity to ChAT and NT-3. ConclusionAECs are similar with neural cells and it may be useful as a sustained source to improve outcome of neural stem cells transplantation.

ObjectiveTo investigate an effective method to isolate neural stem cells(NSCs).MethodsNSCs were dissociated by digestion with trypsin, EDTA and different doses of Dispase,and serum-free culture techniques and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to verifying the dissociated.ResultsA lot of single neural stem cells were obtained by using Dispase to digest neurosphere, and the cells could keep its structure and morphology.ConclusionIt is an ideal method by using Dispase to digest neurosphere for isolating NSCs.

To establish an HPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rats plasma and study its pharmamacokinetics after an intragastrical administration of Hippophae rhamnoides extracts. Five healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given single doses of H. rhamnoides extracts (quercetin 26.35 mg x kg(-1), kaempferid 4.040 mg x kg(-1), isorhamnetin 31.37 mg x kg(-1)), and then their orbital sinus blood samples were collected at different time points. The drug plasma concentration of the three flavonoids was determined by HPLC-MS/MS method. After that, the main pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated by using Kinetica 5. 0. 11 software. The methodological test showed that the linear concentration ranges of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin were 7.500-600.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5), 1.000-80.00 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 5 ) and 10.00-800.0 μg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.998 0), respectively. The inner and inter-days precisions were both less than 14.0%. The plasma samples showed a good stability and consistency with the requirement of biological sample analysis after the samples were frozen once and placed at - 20 degrees C for 15 d and room temperature for 6 h and the treated analytes were placed at -20 degrees C for 24 h. For quercetin, the pharmacokinetic parameter t(½β), AUC(0-∞), MRT(0.∞), C.(max) and T(max) were (113.3 ± 19.37) min, (12 542.14 ± 3 504.05) μg x h x L(-1), (119.6 ± 13.29) h, (164.6 ± 27.33) μg x L(-1) and (5.199 ± 0.840 3) h, respectively. For kaempferid, the pharmacokinetic parameters t(½β), AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (79.85 ± 17.15) min, (934.51 ± 94.59) μg x h x L(-1), (81.50 ± 13.75) h, (80.15 ± 14.24) μg x L(-1) and (3.827 ± 0.902 7) h, respectively. For isorhamnetin, the pharmacokinetic parameters t1,2,, AUC(0-t), MRT(0-∞), C(max) and T(max) were (118.3 ± 20.73) min, (26 067.77 ± 4 124.60) μg x h x L(-1), (129.0 ± 16.30) h, (269.6 ± 29.32) μg x L(-1) and (6.513 ± 1.450) h, respectively. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis method established in this study was proved to be sensitive and accurate and could be applied in the pharmacokinetic study of quercetin, kaempferid and isorhamnetin in rat plasma.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Hippophae ; chemistry ; Kaempferols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective To investigate the effects of peptidoglycan (PGN) with different concentrations on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2),Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in corneal epithelial cells of mice.Methods Corneal epithelial cells of c57 mice were cultured in vitro.Cells were divided into blank control group and 10 mg · L-1 group,30 mg · L-1 gruop and 80 mg · L-1 group (treated by different concentration of PGN for 12 hours).In the meantime,the cells in 30 mg · L-1 group were cultured for different times(named 12 hours group,24 hours group,36 hours group).Expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein in different group were measured by RT-PCR and flow cytometry.Results Compared with control group (1.00 ± 0.14,1.00 ± 0.01),the expression of TLR2,LR4 mRNA in 10 mg · L-1 group (4.35 ± 0.46,3.53 ± 0.50),30 mg · L-1 group (8.06 ±0.72,5.31 ±0.34),80 mg · L-1 group (2.93 ±0.46,2.23 ±0.04) were increased,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,the expression of TLR2,TLR4 protein in different concentration group and 12 hour group were increased,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PGN can up-regulate both mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in corneal epithelial cells of mice,suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 in the corneal epithelial cell can recognize some exogenous pathogen and regulate the inflammatory reaction,which are closely related to the occurrence and development of infectious keratitis.

Objective Parotidectomy and superficial parotidectomy are traditional surgical treatment to the malignant parotid gland tumour although they have many defects.The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of individualized treatment to patient according to tumor`s size and TNM stage. Methods Thirty three patients with low grade malignant parotid gland tumours from Dec 2005 to Dec 2010 were recruited in the present study.All the patients received the territorial surgical resection firstly.Then, 9 cases re-ceived the expanded territorial surgical resection (1 case had recurrent probability, accepted adjuvant radiotherapy).Sixteen cases un-derwent parotidectomy with complete tumor resection ( 2 case had envelope invasion, accepted adjuvant radiotherapy) .Eight cases ac-cepted adjuvant radiotherapy(4 cases on T1 and T2 stage preserved facial nerve although the nerves adhering to tumors, and other 4 ca-ses on T4a stage accepted facial nerve excision ) . Results Follow up ranged from 3.5 to 8.5 years and no recurrences were docu-mented.9 patients who accepted territorial surgical resection showed fine facial symmetry.8 cases of them without adjuvant radiotherapy had good salivary secretion.Nine cases of other 24 patients showed temporary facial nerve injury and recovered within 1 to 4 months. Four cases with facial nerve excision showed permanental facial paralysis. Conclusion To protect the function of parotid gland to the greatest extent, the small low grade malignant parotid gland tumors without facial nerve invasion could have territorial surgical resection. Combined territorial surgical resection with postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy is useful to avoid the tumors recurrence and en-croachment of facial nerve to protect the facial nerve function.

Purpose To investigate the value of MRI T2 mapping imaging in diagnosis of lumbar intervertebral disc degenerative (IVDD).Materials and Methods A prospective study was performed on 100 patients who underwent 1.5T MRI examination because of lumbar and back pain from October 2013 to December 2015 at the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai,Fudan University.The MRI examinations included conventional sagittal T1WI and T2WI,axial T2WI and median sagittal T2 mapping imaging.According to Pfirrmann standard,475 lumbar intervertebral discs were graded.T2 values of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) of anteriority and posterior with different grades were measured and compared.The correlations between T2 value,age and grade were further analyzed.30 patients were selected and underwent a second MR examination after half a year,and the difference of T2 values between the two MR examinations were compared.Results Except for grade Ⅳ and grade Ⅴ,the differences of T2 values of NP between the other grades of lumbar intervertebral discs were statistically significant (P＜0.05).T2 values of NP were negatively correlated with the grades (r=-0.77).There were no significant differences in T2 values of NP and AF of anteriority and posterior in 30 patients with back pain between the two MR measurements of half year interval (P＞0.05).Conclusion T2 mapping imaging can quantitatively assess the degree of IVDD,especially T2 values of NP can reflect the differences of IVDD with grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ,so it can provide the imaging evidence for the diagnosis of IVDD.

Abstract：Objective To investigate the morphological features of the Pneumocystis jirovecii, in order to facilitate early detection and rapid diagnosis of this rare pathogen from a morphology point of view by laboratory technicians. By analyzing the laboratory features and application value of different pathogen detection methods in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, we aim to provide the most reliable diagnostic basis for rapid diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the test results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from a comprehensive hospital in Zhangqiu District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, and a hospital in Changde City from April 2022 to October 2022. Five confirmed cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia were detected. Its clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and morphological characteristics of pathogens under different stains were analyzed to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods. Results Cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid found the trophozoites and cysts of Pneumocystis jirovecii by Wright's-Giemsa staining in 4 cases (80%), and the cysts of Pneumocystis jirovecii by Silver hexamine staining in 4 cases (80%), while the metagenomic next-generation sequencing confirmed all the 5 positive results. All 5 patients had different degrees of reduction in the absolute count of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the serum lactic dehydrogenase and (1-3)-β-D-Glucan were increased. Among the 5 patients in this study, 4 were treated with sulfamethoxazole combined with caspofungin, and 1 was treated with sulfamethoxazole. Three patients were cured and discharged from hospital after treatment, but two died. Conclusions The method of Wright's-Giemsa staining for the cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to find Pneumocystis jirovecii has the unique and irreplaceable advantages as silver staining. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing can further increase the positive detection rate of Pneumocystis jirovecii. The combination of cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with metagenomic nextgeneration sequencing is a powerful diagnostic method for rapid diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, which can diagnose accurately and reduce missed diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo observe the change of the salivary occult blood after periodontal mechanical therapy, and to assess the correlations between salivary occult blood and the level of volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) in oral cavity, periodontal clinical parameters, respectively.

METHODSFifty patients with gingivititis, mild or moderate periodontitis were included. The level of VSC were measured by Halimeter(®) and salivary occult blood was tested by Perioscreen(®) before periodontal examination. Then full mouth plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) were charted. Attachment loss (AL) of the Ramfjörd teeth were recorded lastly. Intensive periodontal mechanical therapy was conducted including oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing (SRP). Four weeks after SRP, the same examinations were repeated.

RESULTSSalivary occult blood was significantly correlated with BI (r = 0.294) and PLI (r = 0.308) before periodontal therapy (P < 0.01), and also significantly correlated with VSC level (r = 0.386), PLI (r = 0.456), BI (r = 0.352), AL (r = 0.325) after therapy (P < 0.05). The improvement of VSC level [211.0 (111.0 - 389.5) × 10⁻⁹ vs 100.0 (46.3 - 165.3) × 10⁻⁹], the clinical periodontal parameters including PLI [(1.3 ± 1.0) vs (0.4 ± 0.6)], PD [(3.7 ± 1.5) mm vs (2.7 ± 0.9) mm], BI [(1.8 ± 1.2) vs (0.4 ± 0.7)] and AL [(1.0 ± 1.1) mm vs (0.1 ± 0.5) mm after the treatment was statistically significant (P < 0.001). However, standing on the viewpoint of salivary occult blood changes from positive before therapy to negative after therapy, only 80% (40/50) individuals were totally cured. VSC level in oral cavity and periodontal clinical parameters significantly decreased (P < 0.001) following the trends from strong positive, weak positive, to negative results of salivary occult blood test.

CONCLUSIONSSalivary occult blood was correlated with VSC level in oral cavity of periodontal treated patients. It may be an objective parameter to evaluate the gingival inflammation and the efficacy of the periodontal therapy at individual level.

Dental Plaque Index ; Gingivitis ; blood ; therapy ; Humans ; Mouth ; chemistry ; Occult Blood ; Periodontitis ; blood ; therapy ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Sulfur Compounds ; chemistry ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDSubcapital femoral neck fracture in young adults has many complications, and the incidence is increasing year-by-year. The selection of the proper operation method to avoid them is an ambiguous matter. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effect of subcapital femoral neck fracture by the capsulotomy and internal fixation with iliac bone grafting or closed reduction and internal fixation in young adults.

METHODSFrom March 2003 to February 2010, 65 young patients with subcapital femoral neck fractures were treated, including 39 males and 26 females with average age of 34.5 years (range, 19-50 years); 29 cases of the left side and 36 cases of the right side. They were randomly divided into Group A with 34 cases treated by closed reduction and internal fixation and Group B with 31 cases treated by the capsulotomy and internal fixation with iliac bone grafting. The two groups had no significant differences in sex, age, body mass index and preoperative Harris Hip Score. The observation criteria involved the length of the incision, blood loss, operation time, nonunion rate, avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) rate and Harris Hip Score.

RESULTSFour of 65 patients were lost follow-up, and the follow-up rate was 93.8%, the average follow-up time was 38.7 months (range, 33-47 months). In Group A, the incision length was 5.1 ± 2.2 cm, blood loss was 84.0 ± 13.2 ml, and operation time was 52.9 ± 10.2 min. In Group B, the incision length was 15.4 ± 4.6 cm, blood loss was 396.0 ± 21.3 ml, and operation time was 116.5 ± 15.3 min. Nonunion occurred in 8 patients (25.2%) in Group A and 1 patient (3.3%) in Group B. ANFH occurred in 9 patients (29.1%) in Group A and 2 patients (6.7%) in Group B. Postoperative Harris Hip Score was 89.0 ± 5.6 in Group A and 95.0 ± 4.5 in Group B. The above index of two groups was considered statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCapsulotomy and internal fixation with iliac bone grafting can improve fracture healing, reduce ANFH in young adults. It is a safe and effective operation for subcapital femoral neck fracture.

Adult ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult