Objective To observe conditioned enhancement of antibody production against influenza vaccine. Methods 36 female BALB/c mice were injected with 3 μg/mouse influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS),and camphor odor was served as the conditioned stimulus (CS). After a CS/UCS pairing was made,animals were re-exposed to the CS at Weeks 6. Results Through one conditioned stimulus,the optical density of anti-HA antibody of the conditioned group (Weeks 9:0.68±0.06; Weeks 10:0.60±0.06)was significantly increased compared with the unconditioned group (Weeks 9:0.53±0.06; Weeks 10:0.48±0.04) ( P <0.01). The level of anti-HA antibody of the conditioned group was also significantly greater than other controlled groups( P <0.05). Conclusion Through a single exposure to camphor odor which was paired with immunization of influenza virus HA in a single trial learning protocol,a significant conditioned anti-HA IgG production occurred.

OBJECTIVE: To assess efficacy and safety of simeprevir-based therapy for the treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 1. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, highwire, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP Database and literature from some relative paper based magazines also be retrieved. Randomised controlled trials(RCTs)of examining simeprevir plus ribavirin(RBV) and pegylated-interferon(peg-IFN) among adults with chronic HCV infection were included.Select the RCTs according to the inclusion criterion, then appraise them critiically by Cochrane handbook. All outcomes were pooled by the RevMan5.2 software of Cochrane Collaboration. Data were extracted on virological responses including sustained virological response at post-treatment week 12(SVR12), SVR24, serious adverse event(SAE),treat-ment discontinuation due to an adverse event(TDAE). RESULTS: Eight RCTs were finally included involving 2 758 patients who were treated with simeprevir, RBV and peg-IFN. The RESULTS of Meta-analysis showed that SVR12 rates was[OR=3.92,95%CI(2.86,5.39), P<0.000 01], SVR24 rates was[12 week:OR=3.79,95%CI(2.86,5.01), P<0.000 01], [24 week:OR=4.12,95%CI(2.69,6.30), P<0.000 01], SAE rates was[12 week:OR=0.67,95%CI(0.47,0.95),P=0.02], TDAE rates was[12 week:OR=0.85, 95%CI(0.54, 1.33), P=0.48],[24 week:OR=0.82,95%CI(0.42,1.60), P=0.55]. CONCLUSION: Evidence shows that, simeprevir-based treatment(simeprevir plus ribavirin and pegylated-interferon)for treating genotype 1 chronic HCV infection is better than PR treatment in SVR12 rates,SVR24 rates and SAE rates(course of treatment is 12 weeks). However, they are alike in TDAE rates.

A canthopanax Senticosus , a vulnerable species, was one of the major government-protected plants. This paper deals with the major reason for wildlife resources from biological standpoints, which are sexual propagation with less capability , vegetative propagation being damaged due to leaves , roots and rhizomes being gathered un-reasonable. Raising wildlife resources, semi-wild extensive management, and reasonable gatheration will be an important means for protection of wildlife resources in light of local conditions.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of the combined medication to prevent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting after lung cancer surgery.Methods One hundred and fifteen patients under cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly divided into the control group ( n =58 ) and the treatment group( n =57 ).For the control group,Azasetron ( day 1-5 ) and dexamethasonewere (day 1-3 )were injected intravenously with a dose of 10 mg/day at half an hour before chemotherapy.For the treatment group,intramuscularinjectionof promethazine (25mg/day,30minsbeforesurgery ) and metoclopramide( 10 mg/day,30 mins before surgery )and intravenous infusion of omeprazole (40 mg/day,45 mins before surgery)were given from day 1 to day 5 in addition to the treatment for the control group to relieve chemotherapy-induced acute and late-phased nausea and vomiting.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups in controlling acute nausea and vomiting in terms of complete response rate (Ps ＞0.05 ).However,there were significant effect on late-phased nausea,with an effective rate of 87.7％(50/57) in the treatment group versus 72.4％ (42/58) in the control group at day 2 after treatment( x2 =4.21,P ＜ 0.05 ),and 84.2％ (48/57) vs.67.2％ ( 39/58 ) at day 3 ( x2 =4.49,P ＜ 0.05 ),91.2％ ( 52/57 ) vs.77.6％ (45/58) at day 4 ( x2 =4.05,P ＜ 0.05 ),94.7％ ( 54/57 ) vs.81.0％ ( 47/58 ) at day 5 ( x2 =5.04,P ＜ 0.05 ).Furthermore,there were significant effect on late-phased vomiting,with an effective rate of 91.2％ (52/57)in the treatment group versus 74.1％ (43/58) in the control group at day 2 after treatment ( x2 =5.84,P ＜ 0.05 ),and 91.2％ ( 52/57 ) vs.70.7％ ( 41/58 ) at day 3 ( x2 =7.84,P ＜ 0.05 ),94.7％ ( 54/57 ) vs.79.3％ ( 46/58 ) at day 4 ( x2 =6.03,P ＜ 0.05 ),98.2％ (56/57) vs.87.9％ (50/58) at day 5 ( x2 =5.77,P ＜ 0.05 ).The common side effect in both group were dizzy,headache and coporostasis,with no significant difference [ 15.8％ ( 9/57 )vs.20.7％(12/58),x2 =0.46,P=0.49 ].ConclusionThe combinational medication used in the treatment group prominently reduced the incidence of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting after pneumonectomy,especially the late-phased nausea and vomiting.

Withanolide A is a biologically active secondary metabolite occuring in roots and leaves of Withania somnifera. In the present study, adventitious roots from leaf explants of W. somnifera were induced for the production of withanolide-A by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58C1 to obtain hair roots. Hair roots induction rate reached 30%. The withanolide A was determined by HPLC in different hair roots lines and different parts of W. somnifera. The average content of withanolide A in all hair roots lines were 1.96 times as high as that in wild-plant, the concentration of withanolide A in hair roots (1.783 mg x g(-1) dry weight) were 1.51 times as high as the roots of wild W. somnifera (1.180 mg x g(-1) dry weight), respectively. It is possible to obtain withanolide A from hair roots culture of W. somnifera.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; physiology ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; biosynthesis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Withania ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Withanolides ; analysis ; metabolism

Objective:To explore the methods and ideas for developing pharmaceutical care in clinical practice. Methods: The pharmaceutical care performed by clinical pharmacists and the therapeutic scheme assisted by clinical pharmacists for one patient with adult purulent meningitis were analyzed retrospectively. Results and Conclusion:Through selection of anti-infective agents, treatment of adverse drug reactions and assessment of patients’ economic capacity,clinical pharmacists help provide reasonable medication to im-prove therapeutic efficacy, safety and economy.

Objective To investigate and compare the clinical values of serum procalcitonin (PCT)and high sensitivity C-reac-tive protein (hs-CRP)levels for predicting the blood culture positivity in the patients with sepsis.Methods 132 adult patients with sepsis were enrolled in this study.Blood cultures were performed before the antibacterial therapy.The white blood cell (WBC) count,absolute neutrophil count(ANC),levels of PCT and hs-CRP were determined.The application value of PCT and hs-CRP for predicting the positive blood culture results were evaluated.Results The median serum PCT levels in the blood culture positive group and the blood culture negative group were 7.92 ng/mL and 0.95 ng/mL respectively,the difference had statistical signifi-cance(P <0.01).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curves showed that PCT had a higher predictive accuracy for blood culture positivity compared with hs-CRP,the area under the curve (AUC)was 0.810(P =0.001)and 0.690(P =0.274),respec-tively.The combined detection of PCT and hs-CRP for predicting the blood culture positive results was similar to the performance of PCT alone,AUC as 0.885 (P =0.001 ).The median cut point of PCT was 0.91 ng/mL,the sensitivity of PCT for predicting blood culture positivity was 90%.This sensitivity remained unchanged when PCT cut point was1.14ng/mL.Using the PCT cut points of 0.91 and 1.14 enabled reducing the submitted blood cultures by 51% and 56% respectively.Conclusion Compared with hs-CRP,serum PCT level could better predict the blood culture positivity in the patients with sepsis.

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Ganoderma lipsiense extract (GLE) on the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231-HM in a mouse model.

METHODSThe mouse model of TNBC was established by subcutaneous injection of 1.5 x 10(6) of MDA-MB-231-HM cells into BALB/c-nu mouse. Twenty successfully modeled mice were divided into the GLE group and the negative control group according to random digit table, 10 in each group. GLE (0.2 mL 100 mg/mL) was peritoneally injected to mice in the GLE group, while equal dose of normal saline was peritoneally injected to mice in the negative control group. The medication was administered once per 3 days and discontinued after 45 days. The CD34 expression was detected using immunohistochemical assay for counting microvessels. Meanwhile, expressions of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) and cyclin D1 were detected using immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSThe average weight was obviously lower in the GLE group than in the negative control group [(0.33 ± 0.16) g vs (0.68 ± 0.37)g, P < 0.05]. The tumor inhibition rate was 51.4% in the GLE group. The volume of transplanted tumor was obviously lesser in the GLE group than in the negative control group (P < 0.05). Results of immunohistochemical staining showed, the microvessel density (MVD) under every field was (20.7 ± 2.1), TSP-1 positive cell count was (66.2 ± 9.2), cyclin D1 positive cell count was (33.8 ± 16.4) in the GLE group, and they were 34.0 ± 2.0, 24.0 ± 6.6, and 168.2 ± 32.6, respectively in the negative control group. There was statistical difference in all indices between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGLE could inhibit malignant proliferation of tumor cells by suppressing angiogenesis of blood vessels in tumor tissues and regulating cell cycles, thereby inhibiting TNBC.

Animals ; Biological Products ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Random Allocation ; Thrombospondin 1 ; metabolism ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Abstract Gram-negative ( G-) bacteria, such as denitrifying bacteria and anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria, are highly social organisms capable of sophisticated cooperative behavior mediated via quorum sensing. As signal molecules of the chemical communication, N-acyl-homoserine lactones ( AHLs ) can mediate the quorum sensing of the functional microbial population and regulate the population density. To understand the growth of functional microbial population and the mechanism for biological nitrogen removal in upflow microaerobic sludge reactors ( UMSRs ) treating organic wastewater with low ratio of chemical oxygen demand to total nitrogen, a method was established to simultaneously detect AHLs in the microaerobic processes. Water-sludge mixtures sampled from the UMSRs were pretreated in sequence by liquid-liquid extraction using ethyl acetate, rotary evaporation, constant volume with methanol, separation by C18 column. Gradient elution was carried out using 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate ( containing 0 . 1% formic acid ) and methanol as mobile phases. On the base of multiple reaction monitoring analysis, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization was introduced to detect the target compounds. Nine kinds of AHLs were used to evaluate the established method and the results showed that the detection limits were 0 . 01-0 . 5 μg/L and all of the AHLs presented excellent linearity with the concentration ranging from 0 . 5 to 100 μg/L. The recovery and relative standard deviation ranged from 62. 5% to 118. 1% and 2. 9% to 12. 1%, respectively. The analysis could be finished within 6. 5 min. The rapid, accurate and precise method for detecting AHLs provided a new insight into the growth and metabolic activity of functional microbial population in the activated sludge processes to understand the mechanism of biological nitrogen removal, suggesting a good application in regulation and operation of wastewater biological treatment processes.

The stems and branches of Hypericum petiolulatum were extracted by alcohol and liquid-liquid extraction. Seven furofuran lignans were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of H. petiolulatum by using silica gelchromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, medium-pressure liquid chromatography and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by the spectroscopic methods as pinoresinol (1), medioresinol (2), 8-acetoxypinoresinol (3), epipinoresinol (4), (+)-syringaresinol (5), (+)-1-hydroxysyringaresinol (6) and erythro-buddlenolE (7). All the isolates were firstly found in H. petiolulatum. In the bioassay, compound 7 showed remarkable antioxidative activity inhibiting Fe(+2)-cystine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation with inhibitory rate 38% at a concentration of 1 x 10(-6) mol · L(-1) (positive control Vit E with the inhibitory rate of 35% at the same concentration).
Animals ; Antioxidants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hypericum ; chemistry ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Rats