Antimicrobial peptides ( AMPs) are a kind of micromolecular peptides with antibacterial , antivirus and anti-tumor activities.Unlike conventional antibiotics , acquisition of resistance by a sensitive microbial strain against AMPs is surprisingly improbable .AMPs are not widely used clinically due to their toxicity , susceptibility to proteolysis and high manufacturing cost .Researchers have obtained some AMPs with high activity and low toxicity by structure modifications . The molecular design of AMPs as well as their development in the future are reviewed .

AIM: To compare the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of nicardipine and labetalol injection in treating acute and severe hypertensions. 　METHODS: Sixty-seven patients in nicardipine group (M 46, F 21; age 52 a± s 11 a) were given nicardipine 2 mg in 0.9 % sodium chloride or 5 % glucose injection 10 mL within 2 min iv, first, and then given 30 mg nicardipine in 0.9 % sodium chlocide or 5 % glucose injection 250 mL by continual intravenous infusion for 6 h. Sixty-one patients in labetalol group (M 41, F 20; age 53 a±9 a) received 50 mg labetalol in 5 % glucose injection 20 mL by intravenous once. The treatment could be repeated every 15 min, in case it was less effective, but the total dose should be no more than 200 mg.　RESULTS: The treatment for the nicardipine group and the labetalol group, reached the marked effect within 5 min. The total marked effective rate was all 100 % (P>0.05). Severe adverse reactions occured in the two patients (one occured significantly lowering of blood pressure, and the other aggravated asthma) in the labetalol group. 　CONCLUSION: Intravenous nicardipine and labetalol are fast and smooth in reducing the blood pressure of the patients with acute and severe hypertension, but the safety of nicardipine is superior to that of labetalol

This paper discusses project management of translational medicine in several important aspects:scientific planning,platform constructing,team building,process management,technology transfer,protection of intellectual property rights,supervision on ethics,and project funding system of the institutions.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related thyroid dysfunction is a common complication in patients with chronic hepatitis C,including Graves' disease,Hashimoto thyroiditis,destructive subacute thyroiditis,hyperparathyroidism or hypothyroidism,with or without abnormal autoantibodies or thyroidrelated antibodies.The possible pathogenesis of HCV-related thyroid dysfunction includes bystander activation,molecular mimicry,effects of interferon and susceptibility associated with genetic polymorphism on particular locus.By now,there is still no criteria for diagnosis and treatment of HCV-related thyroid dysfunction.For patients with mild HCV-related thyroid dysfunction,observation may be appropriate; and for those with serious symptoms,anti-thyroid drug,levothyrocine,surgery or symptomatic treatment may be applied according to clinical symptoms.This paper gives an overview of the prevalence,clinical characteristics and possible pathogenesis of HCV-related thyroid dysfunction.

Objective\ To find out the relationship between the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the audiogenic seizures. Methods The neuronal(Nissl)staining method and the immunocytochemical method were used to identify the Fos postive neurons in the PAG of the audiogenic seizures prone rats(P77PMC) after audiogenic seizures. Results There were lots of Fos positive neurons in the dorsolateral, dorsal and caudoventrolateral subdivisions of the PAG in P77PMC rats two hours post seizure, and the percentage of Fos positive neurons was significant higher than that of rats in control groups. Conclusion A large number of neurons in the PAG of the audiogenic seizures prone rats participated in the process of the audiogenic seizures.

SUMMARY Neuroreceptor imaging with radionuclide tracing in vivo has been greatly developed recently.Distribution,density,and activity of receptors in the brain can be visualized by the radioligands labeled for emission computed tomography(ECT),including PET(positron emission tomography)and SPECT(single photon emission computed tomography).The functional and quantitative imaging for several receptors,such as dopamine receptors,serotonin receptors,cholinergic receptors,benzodiazepine receptors,and opioid receptors,has clinical importance.The preparation of receptor imaging agents,foundation of the physio-mathematical model,and the development of nuclear medicine instruments are the main points.In the present review,we will concentrate on introducing the development of brain receptor imaging.

Objective: To study the affection of immobilization stress (IMS) on mice splenic lymphocytic function. Methods:The proliferation of lymphocytes was examined by MTT, and intracellular[Ca2+] was examined by fluorescence probe, Fura-2/AM, membrane of lymphocytes IL-2 receptor(mIL-2R) and cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry. Results;The end of IMS was found to be the lowest proliferation response after IMS, at the same time mIL-2R expression was impaired. Analysis of cell cycle showed the proliferation of splenocytes from IMS mice might be bloched in G2/M phases. Intracellular[Ca2+] was significant increased after IMS. Conclusion: IMS may induce the disfunction of lymphocytes and immunosuppression.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect ofcarboprost tromethamine combined with uterine strap suture in hemorrhage during cesarean section.MethodsSixty patients with hemorrhage during cesarean section were selected and divided by random digits table method into observation group and control group with 30 cases each.The patients in observation group were treated with carboprost tromethamine combined with uterine strap suture,while the patients in control group were treated with carboprost tromethamine alone.The clinical effect,blood loss,blood transfusion cases,transfusion volume and the occurrence of recurrent hemorrhage and complication of two groups were compared.ResultsCompared with control group,the efficiency in observation group was significantly higher [93.33％(28/30) vs.70.00％ (21/30),P＜ 0.05];blood loss,blood transfusion cases,transfusion volume and recurrent hemorrhage rate of observation group were obviously lower [ (603.35 ± 52.62) ml vs.(689.17 ± 50.36) ml,3 cases vs.10 cases,(640.21 ±63.58) ml vs.(726.17 ±68.74) ml,3.33％(1/30) vs.26.67％(8/30),P ＜0.05];the occurrence rate of complication of two groups had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsCarboprost tromethamine combined with uterine strap suture can improve the clinical effect of patients with hemorrhage during cesarean section,decrease blood loss and transfusion volume,and reduce the recurrent hemorrhage rate.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of consumption and development tendency of antitumor Chinese herbal injections in Wuhan area. Methods:The analytical method of the defined daily dose ( DDD) recommended by WHO was used to ana-lyze the application of antitumor Chinese herbal injections in 32 hospitals of Wuhan area during the period of 2010-2012. Results:The consumption sum and the DDDs of antitumor Chinese herbal injections were increased year after year, while the daily drug cost ( DDC) was stable in general. The sort of consumption was generally in accordance with the sequence of DDDs. Conclusion:The status quo of antitumor Chinese herbal injections during the period of 2010-2012 is in line with the characteristics of clinical application, indicating the use is rational.

Uterine natural killer cells (uNK) are distinct from peripheral blood NK (pbNK) cells,which constitute up to 70％ of the decidual leukocyte population in the first half of pregnancy,and are considered to have a cytokine-secreting role rather than cytotoxic function.It plays an important role in trophoblast invasion and uterine spiral artery remodeling.As a result of imbalance of uNK cells,pathological pregnancy appeared.Herein,the origin of uNK cells and its function in pregnancy were veviewed.