OBJECTIVE To explore the causes, predilection sites and treatment of nasal sinus mucoceles after hypophysectomy.METHODS The clinical data of 7 cases with nasal sinus mucoceles after hypophysectomy diagnosed and treated in our Department from Jan.1998 to Aug.2007 were retrospectively studied.RESULTS The mucoceles were located at ethmoid sinus in 2 cases,frontal sinus in 2 cases,frontal and ethmoid sinuses in 3 cases.All of the 7 cases underwent mucocelectomy under nasal endoscope or a combined endoscopic intranasal and extra-nasal approach.No recurrence was found after follow up for 1 to 3 years.CONCLUSION The causes of nasal sinus mucoceles after hypophysectomy are the change of the anatomic structure of nasal cavity after surgery.The stenosis,adhesion of middle nasal meatus or obstruction of the sinus ostium are found in all the patients.Intranasal endoscopic surgery or combined with extra-nasal approach is the first choice for nasal sinus mucoceles.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Barotrauma ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Sinusitis ; etiology ; therapy ; Young Adult

Costimulatory signals have become a hot field in immunological researches. As co-inhibitory molecules, programmed death-1 ( PD-1) and its ligands (PD-1/PD-L) have been demonstrated to play an important role in autoimmune disease, organ transplant rejection, microorganism infection, tumor immune escapes etc. . In recent years,some studies about PD-1/PD-L pathway in ophthalmology have been curried out and reported. Some changes were found in PD-1/PD-L pathway, such as ocular immunologic diseases, ocular infectious diseases, ocular tumors, immune privilege in ocular tissues and so on. Through the research on PD-1/PD-L pathway,we can further understand the pathogenesis of some ocular diseases and find new methods for their prevention and treatments. This article reviewed the recent advances in PD-1/PD-L pathway in ophthalmological physiopathology.

Objective To study the effect and the possible mechanism of delavirdine on muhidrng resist-ance-aasociated protein 2(MRAP2)-mediated multidrug resistance in LLC/cMOAT cells. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the effects of delavirdine on proliferation of LLC/CMV and LLC/cMOAT cells. The inhibitory effects of vincristine (VCR),cisplatin (DDP),adriamycin (ADM) and etoposide (VP-16) used alone or in combi-nation with delavirdine on the proliferation of LLC/CMV and LLC/cMOAT cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution, the apoptosis rate of the cells treated with different concentration of delavirdine and the intra-cellular concentration of ADM were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Results Delavirdine at the concentration of 4 μmol/L and below showed no significant cytotoxicity to LLC/CMV and LLC/cMOAT cells. The resistance of LLC/cMOAT cells to VCB, VP-16, ADM and DDP were 9.58,1.11,2.98 and 3.96 folds of that of LLC/CMV cells. When 2 μmol/L delavirdine was added, the resistance was 5.21 and 2.55 folds respectively;when 4 μmol/L dela-virdine was edded,the resistance was 7.56 and 3.03 ,while 2,4 μmol/L delavirdine made no significant changes to the chemosensitivity of LLC/CMV cells to VCR and DDP(P>0.05). Cellular cycle analysis demonstrated that 0,6, 12,24 hours after co-cultured with delavirdine the amount of cells at G1 phase increased from(38.92±0.15)% to (56.87±2.23)%,(65.36±2.76)% and (74.77±5.06)%. The cell apoptosis rate increased from 1.77% to 17.45% and 28.52% when treated with delavirdine at 2,4 μmol/L and VCR for 24 h. When treated with 2,4 μmol/L delavirdine, ADM accumulation in LLC/cMOAT cells was enhanced significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion DLV can partially reverse the multidrng resistance of LLC/cMOAT cells, and the reverse effect correlates to the concentration. The possible mechanism may involve the growth arrest at G1, increasing of intracellular drug concen-tration and promoting apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the association between -45C→G mutation at promoter of human urate transporter 1 gene and primary hyperuricemia. Methods The allele frequency and genotypo distribution of -45 C→G mutation at promoter of human urate trans-porter 1 gene were determined by PCR-RFLP in 217 patients with primary hyperuricemia and 419 normal controls. Results The frequencies of the G allele and CG genotype at promoter of human urate transporter 1 gene in patients were significantly higher than that in normal controls (P = 0. 031, P = 0.031). The levels of serum uric acid (UA) and triglyceride (TG) in subjects of CG genotype were significantly higher than those in the objects of CC genotype(t=3.058, t=3.699, P=0.002, P<0.001). There were no significant difference in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The -45 C→G mutation at promoter of human urate transporter 1 gene may be related to primary hyperuricemia.

The demands for Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)standardization are rising internationally,but the development for TCM intemational standards is confronted with competence.In this context,the authors analyzed the competing status of intemationalized TCM standardization from 3 aspects:1.It is the key point for competition that obtaining leadership in the international organization and dominant position in developing important intemational standards:2.Integrating technical development and intellectual property with intemational standards has been gradually formed;3.Striving to make breakthrough in the development of TCM international standards on the basis of TCM Chinese national standards.The authors recommend that international standards be initiated from TCM service standards.TCM products quality standards and TCM process standards.

Objective To study the mechanism of rat blood pressure lowered by SO2 and SO2 derivatives.Methods 6-Keto-PGF1? and TXB2 were determined by radioimmunoassay in the plasma and aorta tissue of rats.Results The 6-Keto increased significantly in the isolated aortic rings in all exposure groups except 8 mmol/L group.No change of TXB2 was observed in the rings in all exposure groups.Meanwhile,6-Keto/TXB2 ratios increased significantly at 2 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L.Compared with the control group,6-Keto level decreased significantly in the plasma of the rats exposed to SO2 at 14 mg/m3,28mg/m3 and 56 mg/m3,but the level of TXB2 increased significantly.6-Keto/TXB2 ratios decreased gradually with the increase of SO2 concentration.Conclusion PGI2 and TXA2 are possibly changed by SO2 and SO2 derivatives,which regulates partly rat blood pressure.

Objective:To investigate effectiveness of exposure and ritual prevention of patients with obsession-compul-sive disorder(OCD),so as to provide references for professionals in clinical psychology.Methods:One female patient with severe OCD received 3 weeks intensive exposure and ritual prevention treatment.In order to investigate the effectiveness,she completed Symptom Check List 90 and Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale(SCL-90 and YBOCS) at pre-treat-ment,mid-treatment and post-treatment.Results:After treatment,the patient's scores of questionnaires reduced,such as score on YBOCS reduced from 38 to 9.She reported that her washing time reduced obviously and her own measure of dis-tress index reduced.Conclusion:Exposure and ritual prevention could treat the patient with OCD effectively.Her distress reduced and life function was improved.

The status of bioelectrical impedance measurement especially the multifrequency segmental bioelectrical impedance measurement of liver diseases is introduced.The multifrequency segmental bioelectrical impedance can well rule out the impact from the change of body weight caused by edema and ascites,and can evaluate the volume of ascites.Compared with single frequency bioelectrical impedance,the multi frequency bioelectrical impedance measurements probably display good prospect.It helps to produce objective judgement on nutrition status and energy metabolism for patients with liver diseases.The effect,however,needs further clinical research.

Objective To discuss the causes and management of the complications of the transurethral electrovaporization of prostate(TVP) to improve the effect.Methods All 820 cases took TVP.3～6 months follow-up was taken to investigate the complications and their disposal.Results No patient died,6 cases had massive haemorrhage during operation,6 cases had presymptom of TUR syndrome,5 cases had perforation of juncture of bladder and prostate,6 cases had acute pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) after TVP,32 cases had spasm of bladder,18 cases had urethral stricture,3 caess had postoperative bleed,11 cases had retrograde ejaculation,13 cases had temporary incontinence,24 cases had infection of urinary tract.Conclusion Pre-operational precautions are essential,the complications of TVP may be decreased by accurate operation and reliable management of infection.