Adolescent ; Adult ; Barotrauma ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Sinusitis ; etiology ; therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE To explore the causes, predilection sites and treatment of nasal sinus mucoceles after hypophysectomy.METHODS The clinical data of 7 cases with nasal sinus mucoceles after hypophysectomy diagnosed and treated in our Department from Jan.1998 to Aug.2007 were retrospectively studied.RESULTS The mucoceles were located at ethmoid sinus in 2 cases,frontal sinus in 2 cases,frontal and ethmoid sinuses in 3 cases.All of the 7 cases underwent mucocelectomy under nasal endoscope or a combined endoscopic intranasal and extra-nasal approach.No recurrence was found after follow up for 1 to 3 years.CONCLUSION The causes of nasal sinus mucoceles after hypophysectomy are the change of the anatomic structure of nasal cavity after surgery.The stenosis,adhesion of middle nasal meatus or obstruction of the sinus ostium are found in all the patients.Intranasal endoscopic surgery or combined with extra-nasal approach is the first choice for nasal sinus mucoceles.

Costimulatory signals have become a hot field in immunological researches. As co-inhibitory molecules, programmed death-1 ( PD-1) and its ligands (PD-1/PD-L) have been demonstrated to play an important role in autoimmune disease, organ transplant rejection, microorganism infection, tumor immune escapes etc. . In recent years,some studies about PD-1/PD-L pathway in ophthalmology have been curried out and reported. Some changes were found in PD-1/PD-L pathway, such as ocular immunologic diseases, ocular infectious diseases, ocular tumors, immune privilege in ocular tissues and so on. Through the research on PD-1/PD-L pathway,we can further understand the pathogenesis of some ocular diseases and find new methods for their prevention and treatments. This article reviewed the recent advances in PD-1/PD-L pathway in ophthalmological physiopathology.

Objective To explore the effect of linraglutide on expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells (RGMCs) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).Methods Cultured HBZY21 RGMCs were divided into 6 groups:normal control cells,TNF-α stimulated cells,liraglutide low (10 nmol/L),median (100 nmol/L) and high (1000 nmol/L) concentration incubated cells stimulated with TNF-α,PDTC intervention cells.The expressions of PAI-1 and ICAM-1 of each group were measured by ELISA and RT-PCR.Results The levels of PAI-1 and ICAM-1 protein and mRNA were remarkably increased by TNF-α (P＜0.05),and liraglutide could inhibit above up-regulated expressions (all P＜0.05).Compared with TNF-α-stimulated group,the expressions of PAI-1 and ICAM-1 were decreased by PDTC intervention (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Liraglutide can partly down-regulate the expressions of PAI-1 and ICAM-1 induced by TNF-α in RGMCs.

Objective: To anal yze the reasons for the increasing Chinese residents’ self-medication, and provide references for reasonable positioning and development of self-medication. Methods:Using the National Health Service Survey data (1993, 1998, 2003, and 2008), and use multivariate logistic regression analysis to study the influencing factors of self-medication. Results: Chinese residents’ self-medication have differences in the both time and space dimensions. The influencing factors of medical decision include the demographic characteristics of the diseased residents, medical insurance system, the available of specialized medical services space, family economic conditions, healthy living behaviors, daily health situation, two-week morbidity cognition and two-week morbidity outcomes etc. Conclusion: The alternative function of self-medication determines its reasonable development space. The increasing rate of Chinese residents’ self-medication has many influencing factors.

In recent years, Chinese residents’self-medication has a rapid upward trend. From the perspective of behavioral economics, it analyzes the reasons for the increasing proportion of Chinese residents’self-medication which has been tested by four data of National Health Service Survey, and provides objective understanding reference for the self-medication.

In recent years, there is a rapid upward trend of Chinese residents’self-medication. It analyzes the formation mechanism of self-medication from three directions: inheritance mechanism, power mechanism and strengthening mechanism. It explains the cause of rapid rise of self-medication, and provides useful lessons for objective understanding of self-medication.

Objective To investigate the factors associated with hyponatremia after pituitary adenoma surgery and its prognosis.Methods Clinical data of 120 pituitary adenoma patients treated in our hospital form Jan.2008 to Dec.2010 were retrospectively collected.The incidence of hyponatremia after surgery,clinicopathology and related treatment were analyzed.Results In the 120 patients,28 (23.3％) occurred hyponatremia.The blood natrium concentration recovered to normal in 7 patients within 3 days,and in 21 patients within 4 -7 days.Hyponatremia was associated with age,size of adenoma,type and diabetes insipidus early after surgery(x2 =12.6,12.4,5.38 and 6.51,Ps ＜0.05).Conclusion Hyponatremia after pituitary adenoma surgery is frequent in patients with giant pituitary adenoma,history of diabetes insipidus and older than 50 yrs.Monitoring blood electrolyte and treatment with sodium in 1 - 2 weeks after surgery would be helpful to prevent potential severe compilations.

The demands for Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)standardization are rising internationally,but the development for TCM intemational standards is confronted with competence.In this context,the authors analyzed the competing status of intemationalized TCM standardization from 3 aspects:1.It is the key point for competition that obtaining leadership in the international organization and dominant position in developing important intemational standards:2.Integrating technical development and intellectual property with intemational standards has been gradually formed;3.Striving to make breakthrough in the development of TCM international standards on the basis of TCM Chinese national standards.The authors recommend that international standards be initiated from TCM service standards.TCM products quality standards and TCM process standards.

Objective To study the effect and the possible mechanism of delavirdine on muhidrng resist-ance-aasociated protein 2(MRAP2)-mediated multidrug resistance in LLC/cMOAT cells. Methods MTT assay was used to determine the effects of delavirdine on proliferation of LLC/CMV and LLC/cMOAT cells. The inhibitory effects of vincristine (VCR),cisplatin (DDP),adriamycin (ADM) and etoposide (VP-16) used alone or in combi-nation with delavirdine on the proliferation of LLC/CMV and LLC/cMOAT cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution, the apoptosis rate of the cells treated with different concentration of delavirdine and the intra-cellular concentration of ADM were determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Results Delavirdine at the concentration of 4 μmol/L and below showed no significant cytotoxicity to LLC/CMV and LLC/cMOAT cells. The resistance of LLC/cMOAT cells to VCB, VP-16, ADM and DDP were 9.58,1.11,2.98 and 3.96 folds of that of LLC/CMV cells. When 2 μmol/L delavirdine was added, the resistance was 5.21 and 2.55 folds respectively;when 4 μmol/L dela-virdine was edded,the resistance was 7.56 and 3.03 ,while 2,4 μmol/L delavirdine made no significant changes to the chemosensitivity of LLC/CMV cells to VCR and DDP(P>0.05). Cellular cycle analysis demonstrated that 0,6, 12,24 hours after co-cultured with delavirdine the amount of cells at G1 phase increased from(38.92±0.15)% to (56.87±2.23)%,(65.36±2.76)% and (74.77±5.06)%. The cell apoptosis rate increased from 1.77% to 17.45% and 28.52% when treated with delavirdine at 2,4 μmol/L and VCR for 24 h. When treated with 2,4 μmol/L delavirdine, ADM accumulation in LLC/cMOAT cells was enhanced significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion DLV can partially reverse the multidrng resistance of LLC/cMOAT cells, and the reverse effect correlates to the concentration. The possible mechanism may involve the growth arrest at G1, increasing of intracellular drug concen-tration and promoting apoptosis.