Abnormalities, Multiple ; diagnosis ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; complications ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; Prognosis ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; complications ; Skin ; pathology ; Syndrome

Objective To evaluate the pattern of energy metabolism and nutrients intake in patients with chronic viral hepatitis and posthepatitic cirrhosis to effectively direct their nutrition therapy.Methods Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured with open-circuit indirect Jorimetry in 60 patients with chronic viral hepatitis and 60 patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis.Their normal basal energy expenditure (BEE) was predicted by Harris-Benedict equation and energy intake (EI) was determined by diet recall. Correlation between REE and indicators for nutrition assessment was analyzed.Results REE was (77? 21) kJ?kg~(-1)?d~(-1) in 60 patients with pusthepatitic cirrhosis,significantly lower than BEE[(95?16) kJ? kg~(-1)?d~(-1)(P0.05,and their EI was (127?34) kJ?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),1.41?0.43 times as REE,in which PROI was (1.02?0.29) g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),1.31?0.61 times as PROE (0.87?0.34) g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1),also indicating a negative nitrogen balance (-2.02?4.07).REE,EI and intake of three nutrients,serum level of albumin and prealbumin (PA) and body weight significantly decreased in patients with posthepatitic cirrhosis,as compared to those in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (P

Tetradrine-tashionone II(A)-PLGA composite microspheres were prepared by the SPG membrane emulsification method, and the characterization of tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres were studied in this experiment. The results of IR, DSC and XRD showed that teradrine and tashionone II(A) in composite microspheres were highly dispersed in the PLGA with amorphous form. The results of tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres in vitro release experiment showed that the cumulative release amounts of tetradrine and tashionone II(A) were 6.44% and 3.60% in 24 h, and the cumulative release amounts of tetradrine and tashionone II(A) were 89.02% and 21.24% in 17 d. The process of drug in vitro release accorded with the model of Riger-Peppas. Tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres had slow-release effect, and it could significantly reduce the burst release, prolong the therapeutic time, decrease the dosage of drugs and provide a new idea and method to prepare traditional Chinese medicine compound.
Benzofurans ; chemistry ; Benzylisoquinolines ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Particle Size ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry

Cardiomyopathies ; complications ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; etiology ; surgery ; Mitral Valve Prolapse ; Treatment Outcome

It has been known that the renal microvasular lesions could aggravate the progress of glomerular sclerosis and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney diseases. Modern pharmacological studies indicated that the two traditional Chinese herbs, Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis, could improve micorvascular lesions through multiple mechanisms, including increasing local renal blood flow to lessen the hypoxic renal injury, promoting the recovery of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate after ischemia-reperfusion, modulating the imbalance of vaso-activators such as nitric oxide and angiotensin, increasing the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor and inhibiting the release of the intracellular calcium ion and promoting DNA synthesis in endothelial cells to improve the function of endothelial cells. These evidences suggest that Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis may retard the progress of renal diseases through the above-mentioned mechanisms.
Angelica sinensis ; chemistry ; Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney ; blood supply ; drug effects ; Kidney Diseases ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Microvessels ; drug effects

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of ulinastatin(UT) conjoined to high flow continuous blood purification( CBP) in the critical patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS). To evaluate the therapeutic potential of UT and CBP in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) , severe sepsis( SS) , acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Method A total of 122 cases of emergency and critical patients with a score of more than 15 counted up from APACHE H (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation 11 ) were randomly divided into Ulinastatin treatment group (UT group, n = 35) .continuous blood pu-rification(CBP group, n = 31),UT plus CBP (combine group, n = 30) and routine treatment group (control group, n =26). Routine treatment was given to patients of all groups, and patients of UT group had Ulinastatin 0.4 MIU given intravenously every 8 hours for 7 days in addition. Patients of CBP group were managed with continuous blood purification round the clock for 7 days and those of combine group were treated with UT plus CBP for 7 days.The efficacy of the treatment in four groups was assessed,and serum high sensivity reactive protein(hs-CRP) and IL-6 levels were measured on admission and comparison was made between values of biomarkers taken before and 1 d,3 d,and 7 d after treatment in four groups. The changes in WBCs,arterial gas analysis and the oxygena-tion index PaO2/FiO2 were checked, and at the same time, the APACHE II values and the incidence of MODS were compared within four groups. Results (1)One, three and seven days after treatment the plasma hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in UT and CBP groups were reduced significantly more than those in control group ( P < 0. 05), and in combine groups those were more dramatically lowered ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Before treatment there was no significance diffience in those values between groups, and there was on diffience in those values between 3 rd day and 7 th day after treatment ( P > 0.05). (2) The 1 st,3 rd and 7 th day after treatment the arterial gas PaO2/FiO2 index in UT and CBP groups was improved more than that in control group ( P < 0.05) , and it in combine group was most significant improved (P < 0.05,P < 0.01). The ALT and creatinine were lower than those in control group ( P < 0.05), and there were no significant differences in ALT and creatinine between groups before treatment (P > 0.05). (3) The 1 st,3 rd and 7th day afer treatment,the APACHE II values in UT and CBP groups were decreased more than those in control group ( P < 0. 05) , and therefore, the incidence of MODS was lower ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Ulinastatin could significantly inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines and CBP could effectively eliminate inflammatory factors from blood, and the combination of these two approaches produce a more effective therapeutic potential for preventing MODS development.

Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) is an important liver-specific uptake transporter, which mediates transport of numerous endogenous substances and drugs from blood into hepatocytes. To identify and investigate potential modulators of OATP1B1 from natural products, the effect of 21 frequently used natural compounds and extracts on OATP1B1-mediated fluorescein methotrexate transport was studied by using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing OATP1B1 (CHO-OATP1B1) in 96-well plates. This method could be used for the screening of large compound libraries. Our studies showed that some flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, chrysanthemum flavonoids and mulberrin) and triterpenoids (e.g., glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizic acid) were inhibitors of OATP1B1 with IC50 values less than 16 µmol · L(-1). The IC50 value of glycyrrhetinic acid on OATP1B1 was comparable to its blood concentration in clinics, indicating an OATPlB1-mediated drug-drug interaction could occur. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that flavonoids had much higher inhibitory activity than their glycosides. Furthermore, the type and length of saccharides had a significant effect on their activity. In addition, we used OATP1B1 substrates fluvastatin and rosuvastatin as probe drugs to investigate the substrate-dependent effect of several natural compounds on the function of OATP1B1 in vitro. Our results demonstrated that the effect of these natural products on the function of OATPlB1 was substrate-dependent. In summary, this study would be conducive to predicting and avoiding potential OATP1B1-mediated drug-drug and drug-food interactions and thus provide the experimental basis and guidance for rational drug use.
Animals ; Biological Products ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Drug Interactions ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Organic Anion Transporters ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To investigate the spectrum,diagnosis,time of therapy and management of the congeni-tal heart disease(CHD)in patients with Down′s syndrome(DS).Methods A retrospective report was undertaken of 96 cases in children with DS accompanied by CHD in Department of Pediatric Cardiology,Beijing Anzhen Hospital Af-filiated to Capital Medical University.Data were collected and analyzed about their clinical characteristics,and types of cardiovascular abnormalities,and the important laboratory examinations such as echocardiography and catheterization as well as the procedures of diagnosis and treatments were summarized.Then the interventions,complications and prognosis of different patients were estimated.Results (1)Single congenital heart disease was found in 33 cases (34.38%),a-mong which ventricular septal defect was the most common (14 cases,14.58%),followed by atrioventricular septal de-fect and atrial septal defect (equally,7 cases,7.29%).Multi -cardiovascular abnormalities were discovered in 63 ca-ses,and patent ductus arteriosus turned out to be the most common (42 cases,66.67%).(2)Cat-heterization was car-ried out in 18 cases of serious pulmonary arterial hypertension,and 8 cases were proved resistant pulmonary arterial hy-pertension without operation opportunity.The other 8 cases were estimated as high pulmonary arterial hypertension and medical therapy was suggested before reassessment to reduce surgical risks.(3)Operations were undertaken in 61 ca-ses,among which percutaneous interventional occlusion was performed in 7 cases and surgical interventions were per-formed in 54 patients,in which perioperation complications and death were found in 5 cases and 4 cases,respectively. Conclusions Operation interventions are practicable and most cases recovered well with systematic examinations and assessment in patients with DS and cardiovascular malformations.Early diagnosis and timely interventions are highly suggested.Also close attentions should be paid to follow -up and re -estimation after medical therapy.

Objective: To investigate the expression of histone deacetyase4 (HDAC4) in human liver carcinoma cell line Bel-7402 and to explore the regulatory effects of HDAC4 on the proliferation and differentiation of Bel-7402. Methods: Carcinoma cells Bel-7402 was treated with different concentrations of sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB), an inhibitor of HDAC4. Expression of HDAC4 mRNA in Bel-7402 cells was analyzed by RT-PCR before and after SPB treatment. Reverse microscope was used to observe the morphological changes of Bel-7402 cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry were adopted to describe the proliferation and cell cycle of Bel-7402 cells. Expression of P27 protein was determined by immunohistochemical method. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and student t test. Results: SPB significantly decreased the expression of HDAC4 in Bel-7402(0.88?0.13) vs (0.12?0.04), P

A multiplex real-time PCR was developed to detect ctxA of Vibrio cholerae, gyrB and tdh of Vibrio parahaemolyticus simultaneously. The multiplex real-time PCR were evalidated by detection for the three genes in 47 toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains (ctxA+; O1=3, O139=44), 25 non-toxigenic V. cholerae strains (ctxA-; O1=12, O139=6, non-O1 and non-O139=7), 116 V. parahaemolyticus strains with or without tdh (73 or 43) and 9 other bacteria strains. The specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex real-time PCR in detection for the ctxA and the tdh genes in the strains tested were both 100.0%, compared to the results by routine PCRs. In the detection for V. parahaemolyticus specific gyrB using the multiplex real-time PCR, all of 116 V. parahaemolyticus strains were positive, and 9 other strains and 72 V. cholerae strains were all negative. The multiplex real-time PCR is a sensitive, specific and quick assay not only for detecting virulence genes of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus but also for identifying V. parahaemolyticus at species level. In addition, two real-time PCRs for detection of V. parahaemolyticus virulence genes trh1 and trh2 were also developed.