Objective To study the possible pathogenesis of TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a mouse model by analyzing histological changes in colon and the expression of cytokines and transcription factor RORγt related to T cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes.Methods Female BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly grouped into two groups: IBD model and normal control groups.The mouse model of IBD was established by treating mice with 200 μl of 5％ TNBS/50％ ethanol solution (1∶1) through intestinal instillation, while the mice in the normal control group were instilled with PBS.Pathological changes in colon samples of mice were observed.Real-time PCR was performed to detect the dynamic expression of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-12p40), Th2 cytokine (IL-4), Treg-related cytokine (IL-10), Th17 cell-related cytokines (IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23) and transcription factor RORγt in mesenteric lymph nodes.Results The mice in the model group begun to show abnormal vital signs such as diarrhea, loss of weight and reduced activity, and mild hyperemia of intestinal mucosa and edema from the third day after modeling.Slight lesions were observed in histological slices of colon tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).The expression of IL-21, IL-23 and IL-17 at mRNA level were significantly increased, while the expression of other cytokines showed no significant change.On the sixth day after modeling, many pathological symptoms and intestinal mucosal lesions were aggravated, and marked infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in histological slices of colon tissues, which indicated that the IBD model was successfully induced by TNBS.Compared with the control group, the IBD model group showed significantly enhanced expression of IL-2, IL-12p40 and IL-10 in mesenteric lymph nodes at mRNA level on the sixth day after modeling.Although the expression of IL-21, IL-23, IL-17 and RORγt at mRNA level on the sixth day were down-regulated to different extent as compared with those on the third day, they were still significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusion Th17 cell-related cytokines play an important role in the early stage of TNBS-induced IBD.With the progression of the disease, both Th1 and Th17 cells are involved in the immunopathological injury of colon tissues.

[Objective]To analyze the biodegradation properties and active osteogenesis features of implanted composites of gelatin microspheres(GMs) impregnated with calcium phosphate cement(CPC) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) in bone defect.[Method]rhBMP-2 loaded gelatin microspheres was incorporated in rhBMP-2/CPC during setting.Thirty rabbits were divided into groups A,B and C(10 each).The rhBMP-2/GMs /CPC,GMs/cpc and rhBMP-2/cpc was implanted into the rabbits of group A,B and C,respectively.The biodegradation properties and active osteogenesis features of implanted composites bone substitute was evaluated by radiography,histology,bone mineral density(BMD)after the composites were implanted into the bone defects at rabbit radius for 6,12 weeks respectively.[Result]Significant implant resorption and bone ingrowth were observed in all rhBMP-2/GM/CPC treated defects while the defects treated with rhBMP-2/CPC implants showed slight resorption of CPC and the defects treated with GM/CPC implants showed slight formation of new bone.[Conclusion]The result of this study suggested that the rhBMP-2/GMs/CPC composite could be used as material for bone graft substitute.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of Astragalus & Angelica (A&A) , the mixture of Chinese herbs, on different vasoconstrictors and vasodilators in the process of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into Sham,UUO and UAA (UUO+A&A) groups. After administration of A&A (14 g?kg-1?d-1) for 0, 3, 7 and 10 days, the levels of Ang-II , ET-1, nitric oxide(NO) and the activities of different NOS in renal homogenate were measured by RIA or enzyme method. The expression levels of eNOS, nNOS, iNOS were detected in the kidney by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitively assessed by Western blot. Results After A&A administration, the levels of Ang- II and ET-1 were increased in UUO at all time points (P

Aim The mixture of Chinese herbs,Astragalus & Angelica(A&A) has been found that has antifibrotic effect in rats.Methods To elucidate themechanisms underlying the renoprotective effects of A&A in the process of renal interstitial fibrosis,we investigated the pathology changes of kidneys in unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) rats.In the study,Wistar rats were randomly divided into CON,Sham,UUO and UUA(UUO+A&A) groups.After administration of A&A(12 g?kg?d~(-1)) for 0,3,7 and 10 d,renal damage including interstitial cell infiltration,tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were quantified on HE and Masson stained tissue sections.The expression of ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA),transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF-?_1) and fibronectin(FN) was measured using computer image analysis of immunohistochemistry staining sections,ELISA and Western Blot.Results Renal damage and the expression of ?-SMA,TGF-?_1 and FN were all significantly exacerbated in UUO group compared with those of Sham group(P

Objective To investigate effects of pedicle processing methods on the survival and appearance of the pedicle flaps. Methods The study involved 17 patients with soft tissue defects of extremities treated with the “exclamation mark” shaped pedicle flaps from October 2009 to January 2011.The traditional pedicled rotation flaps was designed to be a tennis racket-like shape,then the rotational pedicle was designed to small round tension reduction flap and pedicled rotation flaps,which contributed to formation of the “exclamation mark” shaped pedicle flaps.The soft tissue defects was located at the upper extremity in three patients and at lower extremity in 14,with defect areas of 4.0 cm× 7.2 cm-5.8 cm × 14.0 cm.There used two superficial radial nerve vasotrophic flaps,one ulnar artery supra-carpal cutaneous flap,eight sural neurocutaneous vasotrophic flaps and six saphenous nerve vasotrophic flaps.Results All flaps survived at Ⅰ stage except that one flap had partial distal necrosis postoperatively,which was cured after dress change.The follow-up ranged from six months to one year,which showed unobvious swelling of the survived flaps and good appearance of the rotation point of the pedicle. Conclusion The “ex(c)lamation mark” shaped pedicle flaps can reduce entrapment of the distal pedicle,promote venous drainage,improve survival and modify the appearance of the flaps.

Objective:To explore whether Chinese herbs Astragalus and Angelica mixture(A&A) have renoprotective effects on chronic renal failure in rats.Methods:5/6 nephrectomized kidney in rats was used as chronic renal failure model.Rats were randomly divided into four groups which included sham,Model,A&A and enalapril(Ena) groups.The remnant kidney was harvested after 2,4,8,12 weeks,and levels of serum creatinine(scr),urea and urinary protein excretion were measured using routine biochemical methods.The pathological lesions were observed by light microscope.The expressions of fibronectin(FN) and collagen Ⅳ(Col-Ⅳ) in glomeruli and interstitium were detected by immnuohistochemistry.Results:5/6 nephrectomized rats were presented with the characteristics of increasing scr and urea,persistent proteinuria at the end of the 2nd,4th,8th,12th weeks,respectively.They had increasing size of glomeruli with progressive proliferation of mesangial cells and mesangial matrix followed by glomerulosclerosis and progressive elevated expressions of FN and Col-Ⅳ.Compared with Model group,the administration of A&A could decrease urinary protein excretion for 34%,44%,25%,45% at the end of the 2nd,4th,8th and 12th weeks,respectively(P

Objective To observe the effect of Shoutaiwan on the expression ofα-enolase in the decidua tissue of recurrent abortion mice. Methods The abortion-prone CBA/J × DBA/2 matings were established as the model of recurrent abortion and the nonabortion-prone CBA/J×BALB/C matings were used as the model of normal pregnancy. The model of recurrent abortion CBA/J × DBA/2 of pregnant mice were randomly divided into model group and Shoutaiwan high-, medium-, low-dose groups, pregnant mice of every group were orally administrated in different doses. On the 14th day of pregnancy, the mice were killed. The expression ofα-enolase was detected by using immunohistochemical method and Western Blot. Results α-enolase expression in the model group was significantly higher than the normal pregnancy group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, Shoutaiwan low-, medium- and high-dose group significantly decreasedα-enolase expression of pregnant mice (P <0.01). Compared with high-dose group, Shoutaiwan medium-and low-dose group showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Shoutaiwan could down-regulate the expression ofα-enolase in the decidua tissues of recurrent abortion mice, which may be one of its mechanisms of preventing miscarriage.

Objective To explore the influence of ulinastatin combined with thymic peptide?1on the polarization of T helper(Th) cells,and the immunoregulatory effects on septic patients.Methods Clinical data of 60septic patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU)of Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Command from Jun.2006to Oct.2007were collected and randomly divided into treatment group(n=30)and control group(n=30).The control group received classic SSC treatment,while the treatment group was given classical SSC treatment plus ulinastatin and thymic peptide?1.The control group was divided again into death subgroup and survival subgroup according to the living state on day 28.Peripheral blood samples were collected at day 1(before administration)and day 10. CD4+ T cell subset was detected by flow cytometry,and the levels of IFN-?(T helper type-1cytokine)and IL-4(T helper type-2 cytokine)were evaluated semi-quantitatively.Ten healthy volunteers were chosen in the meantime as healthy controls.Results The positive rates of IFN-?and IL-4of CD4+ T cells declined significantly at day 10in treatment group compared with those in control group and before treatment(P0.05).The IFN-?positive rate presented a low level and showed a downward trend after treatment in survival subgroup,while presented a high level and also showed a downward trend after treatment in death subgroup.The IL-4positive rate showed a downward trend in survival subgroup and upward trend in death subgroup.Conclusion Ulinastatin combined with thymic peptide?1may improve the proportion imbalance of IFN-?and IL-4of septic patients,and regulate the immune status.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of selective posterior rhizotomy(SPR),local corrective surgery and the training of rehabilitation on the relief of limb spasm secondary to cerebral palsy.MethodsThe "open window" of bilateral vertebral lamina resection, the the posterior roots of L2-S1 were separated from anterior roots and splited into rootlets. The rootlets sensitive to lower threshold of electrical stimulation were sectioned. The ratios of cut root,acorrding to muscle tension, myodynamia, body weight, muscle function,were estimated and all of them <30%. The local plastic operation was performed for nonimprovement of lower limb spasm and the training of rehabilitation began at postoperation. ResultsThe SPR have been performed on 28 cases. The rate of spasticity relief was 90% and the rate of functional improvement was 80% with follow-up. ConclusionsIt is a successful way to treat spastic cerebral palsy with SPR and procedural method.

Nanomedicine is one of the most promising fields in biomedicine. Inorganic nanomaterials stand out among many nanomaterials due to their excellent physicochemical properties, stable chemical properties and high biocompatibility. As an inorganic nanomaterial, bismuth-based nanomaterials have the advantages of adjustable band gap, low toxicity, easy functionalization, large X-ray attenuation coefficient, high photothermal conversion efficiency and long cycle half-life, so they have good promising application in cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the recent research progress of bismuth-based nanomaterials in tumor diagnosis, treatment and biosafety, which provides a theoretical basis for the design and exploitation of a new generation of bismuth-based nanomedicine systems.