Objective To design and manufacture a hypobaric cabin simulator for experimental animals.Methods The simulator was composed of a fully transparent working chamber,an electrical chamber,a pressure control component and a program control component,which had its body made of polymethyl methacrylate plastics,the hatch made of metal plate and support by reinforced metal bar.The air inside chamber was exhausted by the diaphragm vacuum pump,the air inflow was controlled by proportional valve,and the inner pressure and the speed of rise and decline were exactly controlled by the balance of inflow and exhaust.Results The new type of hypobaric cabin simulator had the characteristics of accurate pressure control,low fluctuation range and controllable up and down time,low noise as well as adaptable air exchange rate.Conclusion The new type of hypobaric cabin simulator matches the national standard for experimental animals,and can be used in making the animal model of high altitude diseases.

AIM: To discuss the protective effects and possible mechanisms of 17β-estradiol on human retinal pigment epithelial ( RPE) cells induced by high glucose. ·METHODS: RPE cells were cultured and divided into four groups according to randomized controlled method:blank control group:the cells were treated with 5. 5mmol/L routine glucose medium for processing; high glucose group: cells were treated with 100mmol/L glucose for 12h;17β-estradiol low concentration group: after treated with 10 μmol/L 17β-estradiol, cells were treated with 100mmol/L glucose for 12h; 17β-estradiol high concentration group: after treated with 100 μmol/L 17β-estradiol, cells were treated with 100mmol/L glucose for 12h. Cell viability were tested by MTT colorimetric detection. Cells apoptosis were detected by Hochest33258 staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species( ROS) level were detected by H2 DCFDA staining. Expression of CAT, SOD and MDA were tested by colorimetric detection. · RESULTS: RPE cell activity decreased with the concentration of glucose increased; 17β-estradiol inhibited high glucose-induced cell viability decrease in RPE cells, decreased the apoptosis rate of RPE cells and intracellular ROS generation; besides, 17β-estradiol significantly increased the expression of CAT, SOD and decreased the expression of MDA in RPE cells. ·CONCLUSION: The 17β-estradiol effectively inhibited high glucose -induced RPE cells damage, which provide reliable experimental basis for the treatment of injuries in RPE cells.

Objective To observe the protective mechanisms of zingiber officinalis extract on the lens of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ).Methods Totally 60 SD rats were randomly divided into A group (normal control rats),B group (diabetic rats),C1 group (DM +50 mg · kg-1 ginger gavage),C2 group (DM + 100 mg ·kg-1 ginger gavage) and C3 group (DM + 300 mg · kg-1 ginger gavage).Each group had 12 rats.And rats in A group received intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of normal saline,while the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 65 mg · kg-1streptozotocin (STZ).When the animal model was successfully established,both A group and B group were administered orally with normal saline,and the C1,C2 and C3 groups were administered orally with ginger rhizome extract.The changes in blood glucose and lens were observed every week.The rats were sacrificed in succession at 4 week,8 week,12 week,and the lens was removed immediately.The content of aldose reductase (AR) was detected by ELISA,and the expression of glycosylation end products (AGEs) was detected by Western blot.The superoxide dismutase (SOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also detected.Fluorescent Tunel staining was used to detect the apoptosis of the lens epithelial cells.And finally,scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes in the lens.Results The activity of SOD in the lens of diabetic rats showed a decreasing trend with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).Changes in the content of MDA in the lens of rats in B,C1,C2 group were statistically significant in 4,8 and 12 weeks after successful modeling (all P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference in A group and C3 group (both P ＞ 0.05).The persistent increase of AR in group B (P =0.003).The content of AR of the lens in C1,C2,C3 group showed a decreasing trend,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the expression of AGEs in C1,C2 and C3 group (all P ＜ 0.05).The degree of cortical fiber destruction in group B was progressively aggravated,but the degree of cortical destruction in C1,C2 and C3 group decreased with the increase of ginger gavage concentration through the scanning electron microscopy.It was observed that there was no significant difference in the apoptotic rate of LECs in A group (P =0.191),but the apoptosis of LECs in the rest group showed a rising trend,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The effects of ginger gavage extract can delay the opacification of lens and slow down the diabetic development in rats with a dose-independence manner.Ginger gavage extract may play a protective role on the lens of diabetic rats by inhibiting the activity of AR,oxidative stress and the production of AGEs as well as suppress the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells.

Acute intermittent porphyria(AIP) is a rare inherited metabolic disease that can cause severe and fatal acute attacks. This article shares the treatment and management of a severe AIP patient. It is proposed that (1) avoiding incentives is essential; (2) emotional problems easily overlooked should be paid attention; (3) long-term follow-up and patient education can improve the prognosis. The patient underwent renal biopsy during the remission period. We found a red-brown-yellow-white refractive index crystal under a polarized light microscope that had not been reported in the previous literature, which was speculated to be a porphyrin crystal.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of "3+1" bladder function restoration combined with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with acontractile detrusor (ACD). METHODS: We treated 35 BPH patients with ACD by HoLEP followed by "3+1" bladder function restoration, that is, a 3-phase bladder function training plus simultaneous 1-drug medication after surgery. We recorded and analyzed the detrusor pressure, post-void residual urine volume (PVR), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) scores, quality of life (QoL), voluntary micturition, satisfaction with the bladder function, hydronephrosis, ureterectasia, renal function, and urinary tract infection of the patients before and after treatment. RESULTS: Compared with the base line, at 6 months treatment, the patients showed significantly increased detrusor pressure (［35.1±2.7］vs ［50.2±2.3］ cmH2O, P<0.05) and Qmax (［4.2±2.7］vs ［21.1±4.1］ ml/s, P<0.05) but decreases in PVR (［173.0±31.6］ vs ［30.5±12.9］ml, IPSS score (27.3±3.2 vs 5.1±1.4, P<0.05) and QoL (4.1±0.8 vs 0.8±0.1, P<0.05), elevated rates of voluntary urination (0% ［0/35］ vs 100% ［35/35］, P<0.05), regularurination (0% ［0/35］ vs 85.71% ［30/35］, P<0.05), grade Ⅰ satisfaction with bladder function (0% ［0/35］ vs 85.71% ［30/35］, P<0.05), reduced rate of overflowing urinary incontinence (28.57% ［10/35］ vs 5.71% ［2/35］, P<0.05), and increased percentages of normal renal function (34.29% ［12/35］ vs 85.71% ［30/35］, P<0.05) and non-infection of the urinary system (17.14% ［6/35］ vs 94.29% ［33/35］, P<0.05). After treatment, urination was markedly improved in 94.29% (33/35) of the patients. CONCLUSIONS "3+1" bladder function restoration combined with HoLEP produced a desirable effect on BPH with ACD, though its long-term effect remains to be further investigated.
Aged ; Holmium ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; methods ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Male ; Personal Satisfaction ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Recovery of Function ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder ; physiology ; Urination ; physiology

Objective: To evaluate the safety and clinical efficiency of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of small-volume BPH (SBPH) complicated by severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 82 cases of SBPH with severe LUTS treated by HoLEP from January 2017 to December 2018. The patients were aged (65.5 ± 7.6) years, with a mean prostate volume of <40 ml, a total IPSS of 24.8 ± 4.6, a QOL score of 5.2 ± 0.8, the maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) of (7.6 ± 3.7) ml/s, and a mean PSA level of (1.8 ± 1.4) μg/L. RESULTS: All the operations were successfully completed, the mean operation time averaging (30.2 ± 5.0) min, enucleation time (26.7 ± 5.6) min and comminution time (3.5 ± 1.1) min, and the enucleated tissue weighing (20.3 ± 4.9) g. After surgery, the bladders were irrigated for (3.5 ± 1.9) h, with (3.0 ± 1.7) L of rinse solution, and catheterization lasted (24.8 ± 9.7) h. Histopathology revealed moderate or severe lymphocytic infiltration in 69 cases (84.1%). At 6 months after operation, significant improvement was observed in the IPSS, QOL, Qmax and PSA level compared with the baseline (P < 0.05). To date, no urethral stricture-related reoperation was ever necessitated. CONCLUSIONS HoLEP is safe and effective for the treatment of SBPH complicated by severe LUTS and can be employed after adequate preoperative evaluation of the patient.《.
Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/surgery* ; Male ; Prostate/surgery* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery* ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies

Ranae Oviductus has a high economic and social value, but its adulterants are more numerous, which causes a great confusion to the market. Using DNA bar code technology based on COI sequence for PCR amplification and sequencing of the identified Rana dybowskii, R. chensinensis, R. huanrensis and R. amurensiss, the COI gene database of four species of Rana was established, and comparing the measured sequence with the sequence of GenBank, four kinds of Rana were identified. The MEGA (molecular evolutionary genetics analysis) 7 .0 software was used to calculate the genetic distance of K2P and construct the NJ (neighbor-joining) system cluster tree. The sequence of the four species of Rana measured were clustered into one group with the sequence of the four kinds of Rana downloaded from GenBank, but separated from the two outer groups downloaded from GenBank. The COI gene of the R. dybowskii was likely to have regional differences, however this technique failed to distinguish male and female Rana. The results showed that DNA bar code technology could accurately identify the base of original animal of R. oviductus. It indicates that DNA bar code COI provides a new method for the identification of R. oviductus.

OBJECTIVETo assess the distribution and systemic toxicity of podophyllotoxin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (POD-NLC) after topical application on the cervical mucosa in Tibet minipigs.

METHODSTwelve Tibet mini-pigs were randomized into test group and control group to receive topical application of 0.5% POD-NLC and 0.5% POD tincture, respectively, on the cervical mucosa. Cervical mucosal irritation, targeted distribution and systemic absorption of POD were observed at different time points within 24 h after the drug application.

RESULTSNo local inflammation reaction was observed in the test group, while serious local irritations (swelling, blisters, blood blisters, erosion and ulceration) occurred in the control group. The fluorescence intensity of POD in the mucosal tissue reached the peak level at 4 h after drug application in the control group, while the POD fluorescence intensity increased slowly and reached the peak level at 16 h in the test group. The peak blood POD concentration occurred at 6 h after POD-NLC application in the test group (14.28∓0.33 ng/mL), as compared to 4 h in the control group (42.46∓0.32 ng/mL). At all the time points within 24 h, blood POD concentration remained significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (P<0.05), and the area under curve of blood POD concentration in the control group was 1.38-fold greater than that in the test group.

CONCLUSIONPOD-NLC allows sustained release of POD and achieves a higher POD concentration in the mucosal tissue without causing local irritation or obvious systemic toxicity in Tibet minipigs.

In order to explore the pathological mechanism of perimenopausal syndrome and seek prevention and treatment measures， it is necessary to establish animal models that similar to human perimenopausal syndrome， so as to provide reference for drug research， new drug development and clinical application. In this paper， the keywords of "perimenopausal period" "perimenopausal syndrome" "menopause" "menopausal syndrome""menopausal period" "menopausal syndrome" and "animal" were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Chongqing Weipu， China Biomedical Literature Database （CBM） and Pubmed. In addition， the selection of domestic peripheral menopausal syndrome model animals in recent years and the advantages and disadvantages of corresponding models were summarized. A total of 673 studies were identified， of which 61 were included in the analysis. The most common animal model of perimenopausal syndrome is castration model， while the immunodeficiency model is less used. With the aging of the population and the rapid increase of psychosocial stress， the incidence of perimenopausal syndrome is high. Therefore， it is particularly important to explore the mechanism of perimenopausal syndrome. According to the experimental purpose， experimental period， experimental technology and other factors， the selection of appropriate model animals and modeling methods is the key of the success of the experiment of perimenopausal syndrome.

Objective To develop a traceable cancer hallmark ontology with terminology including gene mutation,cancer hallmark,and cell line for knowledge integration,standardization,correlation,and discovery.Methods The Ontology Development 101 and the current ontology development methods were employed to determine the content coverage,structural layers,reusable terms,and new terms of the cancer hallmark ontology.Taking colorectal cancer as a study case,we extracted the knowledge related with colorectal cancer hallmarks using text mining and text classification technology from PubMed,and then formalized the extracted knowledge into the cancer hallmark ontology.Moreover,we made use of existing cancer hallmark evidence in Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and further semantic retrieval to discover new knowledge.Results The established cancer hallmark ontology comprised 9910 classes and 6138 instances,which realized the semantic representation of 2310 article abstracts about colorectal cancer and 26 pieces of evidence about genes and their cancer hallmarks.Compared with the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer,new evidence for more genes associated with colorectal cancer hallmarks was found based on cancer hallmark ontology.Conclusion This study is of great significance to the research on the cancer pathogenesis at the molecular level,the revealing of specific roles of genes and mutations in the occurrence of cancer,and the rapid knowledge discovery of cancer hallmarks.