Background The current epidemiology study had shown the prevalence of age and sex adjusted dry eye was higher in patients with diabetes than population without diabetes.Further researches demonstrated that the tear film disturbance is common after the phacoemulsification or photocoagulation in the eyes of diabetic patients.Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features of tear film instability in diabetes patients.Methods One hundred and sixty-two patients with tear-film abnormality referred to Tongren Eye Center from January 1,2010 to September 1,2010 underwent questionnaire about diabetes and other diseases,BUT,Schirmer test.Tear film instability was diagnosed as abnormality of either Schirmer test or BUT and showed as M ( Q25,Q75 ).The right eyes of 162 dry eye patients meeting with the including criteria were enrolled.The patients were assigned to two groups according to with ( 80 patients) or without ( 82 patients) diabetes mellitum.DEQ questionnaire were scored.The percentage of cases with meibomain gland abnormal score ＞ 1 was calculated.Mann-Whitney U analysis and Chisquare analysis were used to compare the difference between the two groups.Results The Schirmer test in diabetic group was 8 ( qualities:5,9 )mm and was longer than 6 ( qualities:5,7 ) mm in non-diabetic patients ( U =2452,P =0.00).The result of BUT test was 3 ( qualities:2,4 ) seconds in diabetic patients and was shorter than 4 (qualities:3,5) seconds in non-diabetic patients( U=2104,P＜0.01 ).The DEQ score of diabetic patients was 15 ( qualities:1 0,19,which was less than21 ( qualities:19,23.25 ) in non-diabetic patients.51.2 ％ ( 41/80 ) diabetic participants and 32.9％ (27/82) nondiabetic participants appeared meibography ( grade larger than 1 ) (x2 =16.07,P=0.00).The percentages of dry eyes were 51.2％ (41/80) and 93.9％ (77/82) respectively in diabetes and nondiabetes groups(x2 =37.24,P＜0.01 ).No significant correlation was found between the diabetes course and DEQ score or meibography( r =0.16,P =0.16 ; r =0.10,P =0.36 ).Conclusions Diabetes patients with tear film instability have longer Schirmer test results,shorter BUT,more severe meibomain glands damage and lower DEQ scores.The dry eye symptom is lack in the diabetic patients though appearing the tear film and meibomain glands damage.Therefore,more attention should be given to ocular surface health in diabetes patients.

This study was aimed to evaluate the cyto-compatibility of PGLA film for periodontal guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and their degradable products. Different extraction temperature, time and ratio were used to assess the cell relative growth rate (RGR) for PGLA. The degradable solution were brought into contact with cultured cells in vitro to observe the effects of cytotoxicity at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks. The results showed when the extraction ratio was 0.1 g/ml, the extraction time has no effects on cytotoxicity at 37 degrees C. When the ratio was 0.1 cm2/ml, slight cytotoxic reaction appeared with the increase of extraction temperature (50 degrees C or 70 degrees C). When the extraction ratio was 0.5 cm2/ml in contract with the degradable solution at 37 degrees C for 72 h, the cell growth rate decreased. When the ratio was 6 cm2/ml, the cytotoxicity existed in some degree even if the temperature was at 37 degrees C for 24 h. After 2-4 w, the degradable solution had no obvious toxic effects on cells. However, the RGR gradually decreased as the degradation period increased. In conclusion, the effects of the extraction temperature, time, ratio and the degradation products accumulating in solution on RGR may exist. PGLA film has a good cytocompatibility.
Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Guided Tissue Regeneration ; Materials Testing ; Mice

Objective To explore risk factors for healthcare-associated pneumonia (HAP) caused by carbapenemresistant Enterobacter cloacae (CREC) in patients in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods From July 2013 to June 2017, 64 patients with CREC-HAP in ICU of a hospital were collected as case group, and 64 patients with carbapenem-sensitive Enterobacter cloacae HAP (CSEC-HAP) were as control group, risk factors for the occurrence of CREC-HAP were analyzed retrospectively by 1∶1 matched case-control study.Results Univariate analysis showed that APACHE II score≥20, long length of ICU stay, use of ventilator, long length of ventilator use, use of carbapenems, long duration of antimicrobial use, and at least 2 kinds of antimicrobial agents combined use were associated with the occurrence of CREC-HAP (all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that APACHE II score≥20, use of ventilator, long length of ventilator use, use of carbapenems, and long duration of antimicrobial use were independent risk factors for occurrence of CREC-HAP (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Risk factors for occurrence of CREC-HAP in ICU patients include the use of carbapenems, long length of ventilator use, long duration of antimicrobial use, and APACHE II score≥20.Effective preventive and control measures can be formulated and taken in view of the above risk factors.

Objective:To understand the health needs of patients with non-dementia cognitive impairment after stroke, to provide reference for targeted interventions.Methods:Using the convergent mixed research method, convenience sampling was used to select post-stroke patients with non-dementia cognitive impairment in China-Japan Friendship Hospital and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 191 patients with non-dementia cognitive impairment after stroke using the health needs questionnaire in March to August 2023. A descriptive study was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 16 patients.Results:A total of 191 questionnaires were distributed and 191 valid questionnaires were collected, including 103 male and 88 female patients, aged from 34 to 90 years old. The items of the post-stroke health questionnaire were (3.47 ± 0.54), with the highest need for understanding the rehabilitation program (148/191); multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender and primary caregiver type were factors influencing their health needs ( t = 2.39, 2.73, both P<0.05). A total of 16 patients with non-dementia cognitive impairment after stroke, 10 males and 6 females, aged from 58 to 90 years old, were interviewed. Four themes were extracted, namely, information support and behavioral guidance needs, psychological care needs, social support needs, and pre-established medical care plan needs. Conclusions:The health needs of patients with non-dementia cognitive impairment after stroke are at an above medium level and have diversified characteristics. Medical staff should conduct systematic health management based on patients′specific conditions and actual needs to help patients recover or maintain cognitive function.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and insulin resistance(IR) in non-diabetic normal-weight individuals and investigate how this association differs between male and femalesubjects.

METHODSFrom June to October, 2012, we performed a cross-sectional survey among 2142 community-based non-diabetic Chinese participants, who were divided into 4 groups according to the gender-specific quartiles of WHR. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), calculated as the product of fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) and fasting insulin (mU/L) divided by 22.5, was used as the indicator of insulin resistance. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association of WHR with IR in these subjects.

RESULTSIn the unadjusted model, WHR was significantly associated with IR in women (OR=6.60, 95%CI: 2.86-15.26, P<0.001); the association was still significant (OR=3.28, 95%CI: 1.34-8.04, P=0.009) after adjustment for the potential confounders including the history of hypertension, coronary heartdisease, current smoker, physical inactivity, and body mass index.

CONCLUSIONWHR is independently associated with IR in non-diabetic Chinese women with normal body weight.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between the reference values of fibrinogen (FIB) in healthy Chinese adults and geographical factors to provide scientific evidences for establishing the uniform standard.

METHODSThe reference values of FIB of 10701 Chinese healthy adults from 103 cities were collected to investigate their relationship with 18 geographical factors including spatial index, terrain index, climate index, and soil index. Geographical factors that significantly correlated with the reference values were selected for constructing the BP neural network model. The spatial distribution map of the reference value of FIB of healthy Chinese adults was fitted by disjunctive kriging interpolation. We used the 5-layer neural network and selected 2000 times of training covering 11 hidden layers to build the simulation rule for simulating the relationship between FIB and geographical environmental factors using the MATLAB software.

RESULTSs The reference value of FIB in healthy Chinese adults was significantly correlated with the latitude, sunshine duration, annual average temperature, annual average relative humidity, annual precipitation, annual range of air temperature, average annual soil gravel content, and soil cation exchange capacity (silt). The artificial neural networks were created to analyze the simulation of the selected indicators of geographical factors. The spatial distribution map of the reference values of FIB in healthy Chinese adults showed a distribution pattern that FIB levels were higher in the South and lower in the North, and higher in the East and lower in the West.

CONCLUSIONWhen the geographical factors of a certain area are known, the reference values of FIB in healthy Chinese adults can be obtained by establishing the neural network mode or plotting the spatial distribution map.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Climate ; Environment ; Fibrinogen ; Geography ; Humans ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Reference Values ; Software ; Temperature

Two Diaporthe species isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China were characterized based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, tef1, and tub2 gene sequences. The phylogeny indicated that the two species match Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis. A critical examination of phenotypic characteristics confirmed the phylogenetic results. Diaporthe taoicola was morphologically characterized by producing Alpha conidia with tapering toward both ends. Meanwhile, D. siamensis produced cylindrical or ellipsoidal Alpha conidia with two oil drops. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogenic to fruit of C. sinensis. To our knowledge, the two species were firstly reported on Citrus sinensis in China.

Two Diaporthe species isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China were characterized based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, tef1, and tub2 gene sequences. The phylogeny indicated that the two species match Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis. A critical examination of phenotypic characteristics confirmed the phylogenetic results. Diaporthe taoicola was morphologically characterized by producing Alpha conidia with tapering toward both ends. Meanwhile, D. siamensis produced cylindrical or ellipsoidal Alpha conidia with two oil drops. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogenic to fruit of C. sinensis. To our knowledge, the two species were firstly reported on Citrus sinensis in China.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of tricuspid valve prolapse caused by chordal rupture complicated with persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates.Methods:The clinical data of a male neonate with tricuspid valve prolapse complicated with persistent pulmonary hypertension admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Children′s Hospital of Hebei Province in November 2018 was analyzed retrospectively. Related literature up to September 2020 was searched with the strategy of "(neonate OR newborn) AND (tricuspid valve prolapse) AND (rupture OR necrosis) AND (papillary muscle OR chordae tendineae) AND (pulmonary hypertension)" in Wanfang, CNKI and PubMed database in Chinese and English. The characteristics of the disease were summarized.Results:A male full-term neonate was admitted due to presenting severe cyanosis for 9 hours. He was born by caesarean section and presented severe cyanosis and dyspnea at 10 min of ages, unresponsive to the positive airway pressure resuscitation. After 9 hours of mechanical ventilation, there was no improvement. Thus he was transferred to Children′s Hospital of Hebei Province. On admission, the initial blood gas analysis showed an arterial partial pressure of oxygen of 22.5 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). The echocardiography revealed prolapsed anterior leaflet of tricuspid valve, severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and pulmonary artery hypertension, and right to left shunt via a patent foramen ovale. The arterial duct was closed. The chest X-ray was normal. The boy was treated with nitric oxide, milrinone, and continued mechanical ventilation initially. Addition of prostacyclin analog (treprostinil) on day 3 led to significant improvement of pulmonary blood flow, oxygenation, and stabilization, so that the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy was avoided. At 11 months after birth, the boy underwent cardiac surgery. At surgery, the rupture of chordal tendineae in anterior leaflet of tricuspid valve was found. Tricuspid annuloplasty, valvuloplasty and repair of patent foramen ovale were successfully performed. The follow-up echocardiogram at postoperative 3 months showed only mild tricuspid insufficiency. The boy was well at last follow-up at 22 months of age with normal cognitive skill development. According to literature, 20 cases of papillary muscle or chordae tendineae rupture in neonates had been reported in 12 English papers. Among the total 21 neonates, there were 12 male infants and only one premature infant with gestational age of 33 weeks. They presented with profound cyanosis soon after birth. All of them received endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Other treatments included inhalation of nitric oxide, intravenous milrinone, vasoactive drugs, diuretics and prostacyclin, etc. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used in 6 infants as a bridge to surgical treatment. Two cases reported earlier death of cardiopulmonary failure without operation and the rest 19 survived after surgery. The followed surgery or autopsy revealed that all of them had tricuspid valve prolapse, rupture of papillary muscle or chordae tendineae.Conclusions:The severe TR resulting from rupture of papillary muscle or chordate tendineae in neonates is rare and could cause severe hypoxemia. Early recognition, adequate cardiopulmonary support to stabilize the hemodynamic status and timely surgery can significantly reduce the mortality.

Objective To evaluate pharmacokinetics of febuxostat in Chinese healthy volunteers.Methods Twenty -four volunteers were assigned into two groups taking different doses (40, 80 mg) of febuxostat tablets.Subjects received single 40 mg and multiple 40 mg or single 80 mg doses of febuxostat tablets.Plasma samples were collected over 24 h and the plasma concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS.Results After 40 mg and 80 mg single dose administration of febuxostat, Cmax were (1873.55 ±735.94) and (3899.17 ±1577.54) ng· mL-1, tmax were (1.86 ±1.10) and (2.15 ±1.75) h, t1/2 were (5.57 ±1.32) and (4.87 ±0.86) h, CL/F were (6.44 ±1.97) and (6.15 ±2.15) h· L-1, and AUC0-24 h were (6651.10 ±2319.72) and (1.43 ×104 ±5033.26) ng· h · mL-1 , respectively.Following febuxostat tablet at 40 mg dose daily for 5 consecutive days, the pharmacokinetic parameters in steady state were similar to those taking a single dose of this drug.Conclusion There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetics parameters of febuxostat adjusted by weight as compared with other races.So, clinical usage of febuxostat can refer to the foreign clinical regime.