OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analyze the causes of death in elderly patients with hypertension in a hospital-based population from 1993 to 2012.

METHODSDuring the study period of over 19 years, a total of 2866 cases of death in 25238 hospitalized hypertensive patients with the age of 60 years or older were documented. Age, gender, complications, cause of death and other relevant variables were collected. All patients were divided into different subgroups according to gender, age or hypertension stage and risk stratification. The mortality of elderly hypertensive patients was analyzed using chi-square test.

RESULTS(1) Target organ damage (TOD) associated with hypertension was present in a substantial proportion of elderly patients. The complications related to death were heart disease (45.15%), stroke (34.37%), renal failure (11.88%), infective disease (4.58%), and cancer (4.06%). (2) Mortality in male elderly hypertension was higher than in women (53.31% vs 46.69%). The percentage of deaths from heart disease and stroke were higher in men than those in women (heart disease: 46.73% vs 43.35%; stroke: 37.04% vs 31.32%). (3) Age-specific constituent ratio of cause of death showed that deaths from stroke were significantly lower in very old patients (> or = 90 years) than in patients with 60-79 years of age (P < 0.01). In addition, deaths from heart disease, renal failure and infection disease were significantly lower in patients with more than 90 years than other patients. Deaths from cancer were highest in patients with 70-79 years of age (P < 0.01). (4) When compared with patients at stage 1 and 2 hypertension, subjects at stage 3 were more likely to die from stroke (P < 0.01) and renal failure (P < 0.05), while less likely to die from heart disease and cancer (P < 0.01). Patients in high and very high risk stratification of hypertension, compared with subjects in low and medium risk were likely to die from renal failure (P < 0.01) whereas less likely to die from heart disease (P < 0.05) and stroke (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPrevalence of complication and TOD is high in elderly hypertensive inpatients, especially in deaths. The male patients and 60- 79-year-old patients have a higher percentage of causes of death. The stage and risk stratification of hypertension are associated with constituent ratios of the causes of death.

Aged ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; mortality ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; mortality

Objective To explore the dynamic spiral CT findings of adrenal ganglioneuromas and to evaluate its clinical value.Methods All 7 cases patients with adrenal ganglioneuromas confirmed by surgical pathology underwent spiral CT plain scanning and two phases dynamic enhancement scanning before operation.The CT images were reviewed and analysed retrospectively in comparison with surgical and pathological results.Results Six of 7 lesions were located in the right adrenal gland,1 in the left.The diameter of the tumors was 3.7—7.5cm,with a mean diameter of 4.6cm.The CT value of the plain scans, AP phases and PVP phases was 16.2—31.7 HU(with a mean value of 24.3 HU),20.9—36.6 HU(with a mean value of 30.2 HU),and 27.4—45.5 HU(with a mean value of 36.0 HU),respectively.The masses were well defined and showed a tendency of wedging into the space between the adjacent organs and structures and encasing the large vessels such as IV,but didn't compress or occlude them.Conclusion The dynamic SCT features of adrenal ganglioneuromas were obvious,dynamic SCT scans could suggest the diagnose.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Xiaoer Reganning oral liquid(XRN) on clinical symptoms and signs of children with acute upper respiratory tract infections.METHODS:161 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections were randomly divided into three groups.The patients were treated with XRN(XRN group,60 cases),Shuanghuanglian oral liquid(SHL group,41 cases) and Wei C Yingqiao granules(WCG group,60 cases),3～4 times every day for 3 days.The changes of clinical symptoms of coughing rhinorrhea,lassitude,anorexia and dyssomnia,and signs of pharyngeal congestion and tonsillar swelling were studied on the patients before and after treatment for three days,and the results of three groups were compared.RESULTS:The improvement of the clinical symptoms and signs in XRN group was better than that in the control groups(P

Objective: To evaluate the antipyretic action of Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution on acute upper respiratory tract infection of children. Methods: 161 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into 3 groups. 60 patients at different age ranges in Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution group were treated with Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution at different dosags, 3～4 times every day. The treatment course was 3 days. Patients' body-temperatures before and after treatment were recorded. The temperature differences in various time points before and after treatment were computed, and compared with the results of Shuanghuanglian Oral Solution group and Wei C Yingqiao Tablets group.Results: All three drugs could reduce the patients' body-temperatures gradually, but the antipyretic action of Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution was the strongest. There were significant differences in temperature difference between Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution Group and Wei C Yinqiao Granules (in 2 or 6h after treatment and in 1 day or 3 days after treatment, P

Objective To explore the imaging features and dynamic CT findings of primary adrenocortical carcinoma and evaluating its clinical value.Methods All 11 cases patients with primary adrenocortical carcinoma confirmed by surgical pathology underwent spiral CT plain scanning and two phases dynamic enhancement scanning before operation.Contrast injection was done by using nonionic Omnipaque at a flow rate of 3 ml/s with a power injector.The CT images were reviewed and analysed retrospectively in comparison with surgical and pathological results.Results Five of 11 lesions were located in the right adrenal gland,6 in the left.The diameter of the tumors was 4.1—16.0cm with 2 cases10.0cm.The attenuation of the plain scans,two phases contrast scans was 21.9—46.7 HU(with a mean value of 35.3 HU),30.5—65.8 HU(mean value 47.1 HU),and 52.6— 97.0 HU(mean value 74.2 HU),respectively.Four were in the shape of capsule,6 reticular,1 slightly inhomogeneous masses.The irregular tumor vessels of 6 reticular masses were seen in the artery phase. Conclusion The dynamic CT features of primary adrenocortical carcinoma were obvious,dynamic SCT scans could suggest the diagnose.

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility of detecting FUS-CHOP fusion gene in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and its application in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of myxoid/round cell liposarcomas (MRCLs).

METHODSForty-four formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded MRCL samples and 60 control cases (atypical/well-differentiated liposarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, low-grade myofibrosarcoma, etc.) retrieved from the archival files were studied. Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was employed to detect the FUS-CHOP mRNA expression, followed by DNA sequencing confirmation of the PCR product. Housekeeping gene PGK was used to assess the quality of the mRNA templates.

RESULTSPGK mRNA was detected in 93 of 104 tumor cases (89.4%), including 39 MRCLs cases (39/44, 88.6%) and 90% of the negative control cases. Type II FUS-CHOP fusion transcript was successfully detected in 20 out of 39 (51.3%) MRCL cases. Type I FUS-CHOP fusion transcript was not detected in any MRCLs in this study. All 60 negative control cases were negative for the FUS-CHOP fusion gene transcripts.

CONCLUSIONS(1) Nested RT-PCR can be used to detect FUS-CHOP mRNA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. (2) FUS-CHOP is considered a specific molecular and genetic hallmark for MRCLs. Nested RT-PCR is a sensitive and specific technique in detecting FUS-CHOP gene, and can be used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MRCLs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Liposarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liposarcoma, Myxoid ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Paraffin Embedding ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA-Binding Protein FUS ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transcription Factor CHOP ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To discuss the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction by laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Methods A retrospective review of consecutive laparoscopic pyeloplasty in 102 patients between September 2001 and December 2007 was performed. The ureterpelvic junction was dissected and the obstruction portion was excised. Anastomosis was then performed through the ureter and the renal pelvis walls with a stent. Results The mean operating time was 120 min and the average blood loss was 80ml. No major complication occurred intraoperative. The drainage was removed in 3-10 days. The average hospital stay was 8.5 days. The stent was kept for 30-60 days. IVU and B ultrasound examination revealed that the hydronephrosis alleviated during the follow-up and no anastomosis stricture occurred. Conclusions Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty could provide lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and faster convalescence. It could be an effective treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Epinephrine ; metabolism ; Female ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synaptic Transmission

Objective To develop and validate a LC-MS/MS method to quantify oxybutynin in rabbit plasma and evaluate the bioequivalence of self-prepared oxybutynin chloride gel and Gelnique. Methods The plasma sample was submitted to liquid-liquid extraction using methyl t-butyl ether after alkalified by 0.5 mol/L NaOH, with di-phenhydramine as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kinetex C18column with the mobile phase consisting of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate(1‰formic acid)-acetonitrile(50 : 50,v/v). Oxy-butynin and diphenhydramine were ionized with an ESI source operated in positive ion mode,and the detected ions were m/z 358→142 (oxybutynin),m/z 256→167(diphenhydramine). The validated method was then applied to the drug determination in rabbit plasma following single dermal topical administration of oxybutynin gel. Results Calibration curve was liner over the concentration range of 1~200 μg/L in rabbit plasma.For quality control samples, the intra-and inter-day precision was in the range of 1.67%~9.79%, and accuracy was within 92.9% to 103%. Self-prepared oxybutynin chloride gel and Gelnique were proved to be bioequivalent. Conclusions It was validated that the LC-MS/MS method is simple,strong specificity and high sensitivity,which could be successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study and bioequivalence evaluation of transdermal oxybutynin formulations in rabbit.

OBJECTIVETo modify the isolation and culture method of Sertoli cells and investigate its' effects on xeno-lymphocytes apoptosis.

METHODSSertoli cells which was isolated from 2 - 4 week-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, were successfully prepared by collagenase type V, trypsin and DNase I and then identified by electron microscope. Viability and apoptosis of cultured cells were measured by flow cytometry. The apoptosis rates of Balb/c mouse lymphocytes were examined which were co-cultured with Sertoli cells of SD rats by flow cytometry, too. The expression of FasL, TGF-beta(1) and clusterin on Sertoli cells were detected by immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSIn the co-cultured system, Sertoli cells accounted for more than 90%. The viability of Sertoli cells was above 95% and the apoptosis rate was 10.87% +/- 3.87% in this study. The lymphocytes apoptosis ratio was 15.52% +/- 0.17% (P < 0.01). Streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex immunochemistry staining showed that the Sertoli cells could express FasL, TGF-beta(1) and clusterin, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSIt indicates that the expression of FasL, TGF-beta(1) on the Sertoli cells might relate to the immune privilege, and it supposed to be benefit for xenotransplantation.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Culture Techniques ; methods ; Cell Survival ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Clusterin ; metabolism ; Coculture Techniques ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sertoli Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism