The treatment of myopic amblyopia and myopic anisometropic amblyopia is difficult and usually resultless and it has been the obstacle of amblyopic treatment. Corneal contact lens, corneal refractive surgery and phakic intraocular lens as new methods can significantly improve visual acuity of patients with high myopic amblopia and myopic anisometorpic ambyopia. For correcting myopia and myopic anisometropic amblyopia it provides a new method. This paper discusses the availibility and safty of above methods for the treatment of myopic amblyopia and myopic anisometropic amblyopia.

)0.05). However, the index of source memory (I) was (0.73?)0.13 in adult group and (0.87?)0.08 in children group, the difference between the two groups was obvious ((P

The body is exposed to various organic anions,so it is the best way to remove the toxic substances in the body quickly and effectively.Cross epithelial active transport mediated by organic anion transporter is the rate limiting process.Renal secretion and re-absorption of a variety of endogenous and exogenous organic anions are occurred in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of the organic anion transporter family.The expression of organic anion transporter-1 (OAT1) in proximal tubular epithelial cells plays an important role in the introduction of organic anion into the renal tubular epithelial cells.This article reviewed the renal expression,the substrate and the polymorphism of the organic anion transport protein OAT1,the renal toxicity of adefovir dipivoxil,the interaction between organic anion transporters and drug,and the influence of the renal toxicity on the renal toxicity of adefovir dipivoxil.

OBJECTIVE: To study the preparation technique of tanshinone dispersible tablets.METHODS: Taking the disintegration time - limit, in vitro dissolubility and suspensibility as indices, the formula of tanshinone dispersible tablets was screened by orthogonal design.RESULTS The dispersible tablets could completely disintegrate within 30 seconds and pass through 710m seive mesh, which all conformed to the requiremtes of BP(1993) .The in vitro dissolubility of this product was superior to that of ordinary tablets obviously .CONCLUSION: The preparation technique of tanshinone dispersible tablets is mature and the quality is reliable.

To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC6) and Xinshu (BL15) on the nerve electrical activity in spinal dorsal root and norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI).

Objective To analyze the association between interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in a Southern Han Chinese population.Methods Three SNPs (rs2201841,rs10889677,rs7517847) within the IL23R gene were detected in 178 MS patients and 221 controls using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP).Haplotypes of the IL23R gene were constructed with SHEsis software.Results The frequencies of the genotype or allele in the IL23R gene SNPs(rs2201841:TT,TC,CC in MS patients:5.7％ (10/175),45.7％ (80/175),48.6％ (85/175),in controls:7.4％ (16/217),41.0％ (89/217),51.6％ (112/217),x2 =1.08,P =0.58 ; rs10889677:AA,AC,CC in MS patients:52.0％ (89/171),42.7％ (73/171),5.3％ (9/171),in controls:57.7％ (123/213),36.2％ (77/213),6.1％ (13/213),x2 =1.71,P =0.43 ; rs7517847:GG,GT,TT in MS patients:16.9％ (29/172),51.7％(89/172),31.4％ (54/172),in controls:14.4％ (31/215),49.3％ (106/215),36.3％(78/215),x2=1.15,P =0.56)showed no significant difference between MS patients and controls.The genotype did not influence the age of onset,the duration or disease severity in MS patients.The SNPs rs2201841 and rs10889677 had strong linkage disequlibrium (D' =0.614,r2 =0.327).The haplotype frequencies showed no significant difference between the MS patients and controls.Conclusion There is no evidence in our study to support the association between IL23R SNPs and MS in a Southern Han Chinese population.

ObjectiveTo know the recent status of heart transplantation in Chinese multicenters.MethodsThe retrospectively data from 24 centers before 2010 (438 cases) and the data from China heart transplant Registry database between 2010 (149 cases from 15 centers)-2011(148 cases from 19 centers) were analyzed.Results In 2010,15 centers performed heart transplantation,including one large-scale center (60 transplants per year),3 moderate-scale centers (10 to 30 transplants per year),and 6 small-scale center (2-8 transplants per year).The rest 5 centers had one transplant per year each.In 2011,19 centers performed heart transplantation,including one large-scale center (52 transplants per year),3 moderate-scale centers (10 to 30 transplants per year),and 5 small-scale centers (2-8 transplants).The rest 8 centers had one transplant per year each.In 2010 and 2011,the median ages of heart transplant recipients were 44.6 and 42.9 years,respectively.Nonischemic cardiomyopathy was the leading indication for heart transplantation.The median donor age in 2010 and 2011was 30.2 and 30.8 years respectively.In 2010 and 2011,up to 99.3％ and 97.3％ of patients were treated with immune induction therapy,respectively.In 2010,the mortality at discharge was 10％,and that was 6％ in 2011.ConclusionAlthough total volume of heart transplants is still small in recent years,the discharge survival in China is similar to ISHLT report.

Objective To explore the relationship between cholelithiasis and the function of sphincter of Oddi (SO). Methods To identify the existence of calculi, choledochoscopy was performed in patients 6 weeks after exploration of the common bile duct (CBD) and T tube drainage, in which 71 were patients with stones in gall bladder, CBD or intra-hepatic bile duct, and 9 with trauma of pancreas or liver.Biliary manometry was performed after choledochoscopy, and an additional manometry was applied after calculus removal if calculi were detected. The indices measured included SO basal pressure ( SOBP), amplitude of SO contractions (SOCA), frequency of SO contractions (SOF) and CBD pressure (CBDP). The patients with cholelithiasis were classified into cholecystolithiasis group, choledocholithiasis group, and hepatolithiasis group according to the position of calculi. Patients with trauma were assigned as the control group.Results All variables in 50 patients with choledocholithiasis were similar before and after the procedure.The variables in patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis had no difference from those of the control (P ＞ 0. 05 ). The SOBP and SOCA of patients in hepatolithiasis group were lower than those of the control group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), while no difference in SOF was detected (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The function of SO in patients with hepatolithiasis is abnormal ( decrease in SOBP and SOCA). Biliary manometry cannot be the reliable evidence for the existence of calculi in bile duct.

Objective To research the relationship between anaemia and inflammatory in patients with heart failure .Methods 284 cases of patients with heart failure were enrolled and divided into 2 groups (anaemia group and non‐anaemia group) .The serum levels of of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ,high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) ,blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and creati‐nine (Crea) were measured ,and the results were analyzed .Results The levels of BNP ,hs‐CRP and Crea of anaemia group were sig‐nificantly higher than those of non‐anaemic group (P<0 .01) .The results of logistic regression demonstrated that hs‐CRP was in‐dependently associated with anaemia (P=0 .021) .Conclusion The occurrence and development of inflammation are independently associated with anaemia in the patients with heart failure .

Objective To explore the effects of mental practice on upper extremity function after stroke. Methods Thirty sub-acute stroke patients were randomly divided into a treatment group ( n=15 ) and a control group (n=15). The patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapy. The patients in the treat-ment group were treated with motor imagery therapy in addition. All patients were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer mo-tor assessment (FMA) and the motor assessment scale (bIAS) before treatment and after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treat-ment. Results After 2 weeks of treatment, average MAS scores in the treatment group improved significantly com-pared with before treatment, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. After 4 weeks, FMA and MAS scores in the two groups had improved, and the FMA scores in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group. After 8 weeks, the FMA and MAS scores of both groups had further improved significant-ly, but the average FMA and MAS scores in the treatment group were now significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusions Mental practice can improve the functional performance of the upper extremities of stroke pa-tients.