1.Quit intention and smoking cessation behavior of current smokers aged 15 years and above in China, 2018
Yi NAN ; Xinbo DI ; Xinying ZENG ; Huiyu XIE ; Zida MENG ; Shiwei LIU ; Lin XIAO
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2022;43(6):818-823
Objective:To describe the current situation on quit intention and quit attempts among current smokers aged 15 years and above in China and explore the main factors affecting their smoking cessation behaviors.Methods:The subjects were people aged 15 years and above in China. A stratified multi-phased randomized cluster sampling method was used. The survey covered 200 districts/counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), including 19 376 people under investigation. The data were weighted with SAS 9.4 for complex sampling analysis, and the frequency and weighted component ratio were used for description. The influencing factors were studied using the Rao Scott χ2 test and unconditional multivariate logistic regression. Results:Among current smokers, 6.63% reported that they planned to quit smoking in the next month, 5.44% for men and 8.49% for women. 17.96% of the current smokers made quit attempts in the past 12 months, with 17.80% men and 22.15% women. People who smoke occasionally ( OR=3.42, 95% CI: 2.09-5.59) made quit attempts in the past ( OR=4.91, 95% CI: 0.33-0.52) and knew that smoking would lead to three diseases ( OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.48-3.40) had higher quit intention. People who occasionally smoke ( OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.20-2.34) received smoking cessation suggestions from medical staff ( OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.62-2.37), were a ware of that smoking causes three diseases ( OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.32-2.02) and had smoking prohibition regulations in indoor areas of their homes, had a higher rate of quit attempts. Conclusion:Providing effective smoking cessation intervention services and creating a supportive tobacco control environment are significant in promoting smoking cessation behavior.
2.Analysis of exposure to tobacco advertisement and promotion among Chinese adults aged 15 years and above, 2010 and 2018
Zi XI ; Xinbo DI ; Yi NAN ; Xinying ZENG ; Huiyu XIE ; Zida MENG ; Shiwei LIU ; Lin XIAO
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2022;43(6):830-834
Objective:To investigate the exposure to tobacco advertisements and promotions among Chinese adults aged 15 and above, identify the publicity channels and forms of tobacco advertising and promotion in 2010 and 2018, and implicate further tobacco control measures in China.Methods:A multistage, stratified, randomized cluster sampling design was used in 2010 and 2018 China Adult Tobacco Survey, with national representativeness. 13 354 and 19 376 permanent residents were selected in the 2010 and 2018 surveys. SAS 9.4 software was applied for data analysis, and all the data were weighted based on a complex sampling design. Rao Scott χ2 test was used for group comparison of a single factor. Results:In 2010 and 2018, 19.61% and 18.14% of the survey respondents did see tobacco advertising and promotion. From 2010 to 2018, there was no significant change in the situation of tobacco advertisements and promotions. Among those who had gone to a cigarette shop, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements increased from 29.28% in 2010 to 43.28% in 2018. Among those who had seen tobacco advertisements on TV, the rate fell from 50.93% in 2010 to 28.58% in 2018. Among those who had gone to movie theaters, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements increased from 2.17% in 2010 to 9.89% in 2018. Among those who had used the Internet, the proportion of seeing tobacco advertisements online rose from 19.20% in 2010 to 42.30% in 2018. In terms of tobacco promotion, the percentages of people who had seen tobacco promotions, cigarette price discounts, cigarette discount coupons, gifts, and other preferential activities in various places in the past 30 days were 4.99% vs. 9.30%, 0.78% vs. 4.09%, 0.04% vs. 0.33% and 0.98% vs. 3.33% in 2010 and 2018, respectively ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Tobacco advertising and promotion are still prevalent in China, with no significant change in 2010 and 2018. Tobacco advertising and promotion have been with the constant changes and development of media platforms. It is necessary to improve the implementation of relevant policies, comprehensively ban tobacco advertisements and promotions, and strengthen the supervision of ads and promotions.
3.Secondhand smoke exposure and its influencing factors among Chinese people aged 15 years and above in 2010 and 2018
Yayang HUANG ; Xinbo DI ; Yi NAN ; Xinying ZENG ; Huiyu XIE ; Zida MENG ; Lin XIAO ; Shiwei LIU
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2022;43(6):824-829
Objective:To investigate secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-current smokers aged 15 and over and its influencing factors in China in 2010 and 2018.Methods:The 2010 and 2018 China Adult Tobacco Surveys used multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods to obtain national representative samples across 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. This study selected non-current smokers aged 15 and over as the research subjects to describe the general demographic characteristics, perceptions of SHS hazards, attitudes towards smoking bans in indoor areas in public places, and SHS exposure and the smoking restriction regulations in different places. The Rao-Scott χ2 test was used to compare the rates, and the unconditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of SHS exposure. All the subjects in the analysis were weighted based on a complex sampling design. Results:Among non-current smokers aged 15 and over, from 2010 to 2018, the percentage of indoor smokers had decreased from 84.7% to 71.9%. The rates of people who saw smoking in various places declined with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). The exposure to SHS for females, people aged 45-64, teachers, medical staff, workers in enterprises, businesses, waiters, and people who live in rural and central areas declined. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). In 2018, the percentage of SHS exposure for those who reported a comprehensive smoking ban in households or allowed smoking in certain areas was lower than for those who reported allowed or without a smoking ban. Among those aged 25-44, SHS exposure for those who reported complete smoking prohibition in workplaces was lower than those who reported allowed or without smoking prohibition ( OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.49-0.87). The proportion of SHS exposure for those who believe that smoking should not be allowed in indoor areas of 0-5 public places is higher than that smoking should not be allowed in the indoor spaces of 8 public places ( OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.35-3.36). Among people aged 45-64, the proportions of SHS exposure for teachers ( OR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.78) and medical staff ( OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.76) and staff working in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy were lower than governmental staff ( OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.29-0.84). Conclusions:Data from the decreased exposure of Chinese non-current smokers aged 15 and over to SHS suggests the initial achievement through constructing a smoke-free environment, but continued efforts are needed. It is necessary to actively advocate for smoke-free families, strengthen publicity and education on the hazards of tobacco and SHS, and improve the skills of non-smokers in rejecting SHS exposure.
4.Phase Separation of Biomacromolecules and Its Important Role in Transcriptional Regulation
Xiang-Dong ZHAO ; Le WANG ; Lu-Jie MA ; De-Bao XIE ; Meng-Di GAO ; Ya-Nan MENG ; Fan-Li ZENG
Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics 2024;51(4):743-753
Cells not only contain membrane-bound organelles (MBOs), but also membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed by condensation of many biomacromolecules. Examples include RNA-protein granules such as nucleoli and PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) in the nucleus, as well as stress granules and P-bodies in the cytoplasm. Phase separation is the basic organizing principle of the form of the condensates or membraneless organelles (MLOs) of biomacromolecules including proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) compartmentalises and concentrates biological macromolecules into liquid condensates. It has been found that phase separation of biomacromolecules requires some typical intrinsic characteristics, such as intrinsically disordered regions, modular domains and multivalent interactions. The phase separation of biomacromolecules plays a key role in many important cell activities. In recent years, the phase separation of biomacromolecules phase has become a focus of research in gene transcriptional regulation. Transcriptional regulatory elements such as RNA polymerases, transcription factors (TFs), and super enhancers (SEs) all play important roles through phase separation. Our group has previously reported for the first time that long-term inactivation or absence of assembly factors leads to the formation of condensates of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) subunits in the cytoplasm, and this process is reversible, suggesting a novel regulatory model of eukaryotic transcription machinery. The phase separation of biomacromolecules provides a biophysical understanding for the rapid transmission of transcriptional signals by a large number of TFs. Moreover, phase separation during transcriptional regulation is closely related to the occurrence of cancer. For example, the activation of oncogenes is usually associated with the formation of phase separation condensates at the SEs. In this review, the intrinsic characteristics of the formation of biomacromolecules phase separation and the important role of phase separation in transcriptional regulation are reviewed, which will provide reference for understanding basic cell activities and gene regulation in cancer.
5.Analysis on "the essence of tuina, arrival of qi ensuring curative effect".
Meng-di XIE ; Yang LEI ; Hui-Ran YANG ; Yue YOU ; Jing-Jing GAO ; Zheng WANG ; Jie LI ; Yun-Feng ZHOU
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2022;42(7):794-798
In reference with the systematic review of the thought of deqi (arrival of qi) put forward in Huangdi Neijing (Internal Classic of Yellow Emperor) and other classic books of traditional Chinese medicine, in view of detecting qi and identifying qi before treatment, as well as the prerequisites of deqi in tuina, meaning the accurate syndrome differentiation and manipulations, the importance of deqi in treatment with tuina is expounded. In association with clinical experience, the specific manifestations of deqi in patients during tuina are summarized, e.g. soreness, distention, pain, numbness, warm feeling and slight sweating, local changes in intestinal sound and skin color, as well as mind regulation. It is anticipated that deqi of tuina may be drawn the attention in clinical practice, and the relevant study be expanded.
Books
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Emotions
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Humans
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Pain
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Qi
6. Effect of Modified Erchentang on Expressions of Chemokine Receptor CXCR1/2 and CXCL8 in Patients with AECOPD
Li-zhi SHANG ; Shu JI ; Yao-yang LI ; Meng-di MAO ; Guo-qiang WANG ; Long-tao SHI ; Guang-yuan ZHANG ; Li-li XU ; Wen-ying XIE
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2019;25(24):1-8
Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Erchentang on CXC chemokine ligand receptors (CXCR1/2)and their ligands CXCL8,macrophage inflammatory protein -2(MIP-2) in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)at acute exacerbation stage,and assess the effect and mechanism of modified Erchentang on anti-inflammatory in patients of AECOPD. Method:This study was a multicenter, randomized single blind, controlled trial. The authors selected 200 cases in conformity to the standards of AECOPD. The AECOPD patients were randomly divided into modified Erchentang group and control group. In addition to the western medicine, modified Erchentang was also given to the modified Erchentang group, and Jizhitangjiang was given to the control group for 14 days. Each group was observed for the alleviation of the symptoms. Euzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of CXCL8 and MIP-2 in the patients' plasma of all groups before and after treatment. Western blot were used to detect the levels of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL8 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs). Immunocytochemistry (ICC) method was used to detect the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 protein in PBMCs. Result:The level of CXCL8 in plasma, and the expressions of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL8 mRNA and protein in the modified Erchentang group were decreased significantly than those in the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion:Modified Erchentang has an anti-inflammatory effect on AECOPD. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2, the reduction of synthesis and release of CXCL8 and MIP-2, the inhibition of the chemotaxis and activity of inflammatory cells, and the prevention of inflammation progress.
7.Mechanism of Modified Erchentang on Expression of CXCL8-CXCR1/2 Axle Genes in Lung Tissue of Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Li-zhi SHANG ; Shu JI ; Long-tao SHI ; Yao-yang LI ; Meng-di MAO ; Guang-yuan ZHANG ; Guo-qiang WANG ; Wen-ying XIE ; Li-li XU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2020;26(11):40-48
Objective:To observe the effect of modified Erchentang on the expression of CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8-CXC chemotaxis factor receptor (CXCR) 1/2 genes in the lung tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
8.Regulatory Effect of Modified Erchentang on Levels of Lymphokines Relating to Th1,Th2 and Th9 Cells and Expressions of IL-4R1/IL-13RA1 in Bronchioles of Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Meng-di MAO ; Li-zhi SHANG ; Li-li XU ; Shu JI ; Long-tao SHI ; Yao-yang LI ; Guang-yuan ZHANG ; Guo-qiang WANG ; Wen-ying XIE
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2020;26(20):16-24
Objective:To study the effect of modified Erchentang on levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-
9.Smoking relapse rate and influencing factors in smokers aged 15 years and above in China.
Xin Bo DI ; Shi Wei LIU ; Hui Yu XIE ; Xin Ying ZENG ; Zi Da MENG ; Lin XIAO
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2022;43(9):1388-1393
Objective: To describe the relapse status of smokers aged ≥15 years in China, and investigate the main factors influencing their relapse behavior. Methods: The data of this study cames from the 2018 China Adult Tobacco Survey, covering 400 committees or villages in 200 districts or counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China. The relevant data of smoking and relapsing in residents aged ≥15 years were collected by face-to-face interview. Software SAS 9.4 was used to clean and analyze the data, and logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for relapse rate. Results: A total of 19 376 questionnaires were completed, with a response rate of 91.50%. In 2018, 66.05% of smokers aged ≥15 years in China had smoking relapse, in whom 66.59% were males and 55.79% were females. In all age groups, the age group 15-24 years had the highest smoking relapse rate (82.63%). Multivariate analysis showed that the younger age 15-24 years (OR=4.618,95%CI:1.981-10.763), e-cigarette use (OR=9.782,95%CI:3.139-30.490), and tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship in the past 30 days (OR=1.710,95%CI:1.291-2.265) were associated with higher smoking relapse rate. Compared with people who were allowed smoking at home or those without smoking limit, the smoking relapse rate in people who were not allowed to smoke at home (OR=0.562, 95%CI: 0.439-0.719) or those with smoking limit (OR=0.487, 95%CI: 0.366-0.647) was lower. Conclusion: The smoking relapse rate in Chinese smokers is high, especially in young people. It is suggested to conduct targeted intervention based on the results of this study to reduce the smoking relapse rate and help achieve the smoking control goal in Healthy China 2030.
Adolescent
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Adult
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China/epidemiology*
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Chronic Disease
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Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Recurrence
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Smokers
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Smoking/epidemiology*
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Tobacco
10.Efficacy and safety of Changfu peritoneal dialysis solution: a multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial.
Jian-Hui ZHOU ; Zhao-Hui NI ; Chang-Lin MEI ; Xue-Qing YU ; Fu-You LIU ; Li-Ning MIAO ; Zhi-Hong LIU ; Wei-Jie YUAN ; Ai-Ping ZHANG ; Hong-Li LIN ; Meng-Hua CHEN ; Jiang-Hua CHEN ; Jin-Yuan ZHANG ; Ya-Ni HE ; Jian CHEN ; Jiu-Yang ZHAO ; Xiao-Qiang DING ; Ying LI ; Rong-Shan LI ; Ru-Juan XIE ; Wen-Hu LIU ; Chang-Ying XING ; Rong WANG ; Yue-Yi DENG ; Xue-Ying CAO ; Guang-Yan CAI ; Shan MOU ; Zhi-Guo MAO ; Xiao YANG ; Hong LIU ; Jing SUN ; Yu-Sheng YU ; Jun LIU ; Shu-Mei SHI ; Long-Kai LI ; Na TIAN ; Xiao-Hui ZHANG ; Wei ZHOU ; Jie YANG ; Yong ZHANG ; Jing-di SUN ; Jun JI ; Tao ZHANG ; Yan YAN ; Xiao-Gang LIU ; Gang WANG ; Li ZHANG ; Hong ZHANG ; Jian-Hua LUO ; Xiang-Mei CHEN
Chinese Medical Journal 2013;126(22):4204-4209
BACKGROUNDA multi-center large scale study is needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of domestic peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions. Some researchers believe that 6 L/d is enough for adequate dialysis, but there is no multi-center prospective study on Chinese population to confirm this. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of domestic PD solution (Changfu) and its difference between 6 L and 8 L dosage.
METHODSAdult PD patients who had taken PD therapy for at least one month were selected and divided into four groups according to two dialysis solution brands and two dialysis dosages, i.e., 6 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, 6 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution, 8 L dose with Changfu dialysis solution, and 8 L dose with Baxter dialysis solution. After 48 weeks, the changes of primary and secondary efficacy indices were compared between different types and different dosages. We also analyzed the changes of safety indices.
RESULTSChanges of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr). Normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) from baseline to 48 weeks between Changfu and Baxter showed no statistical differences; so did those of net ultrafiltration volume (nUF) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Changes of nPCR from baseline to 48 weeks between 6 L and 8 L showed no statistical differences; so did those of nUF and eGFR. The decline of Kt/V from baseline to 48 weeks in 6 L group was more than that in 8 L group. Change of Ccr was similar. During the 48-week period, the mean Kt/V was above 1.7/w, and mean Ccr was above 50 L×1.73 m(-2)×w(-1). More adverse events were found in Changfu group before Changfu Corporation commenced technology optimization, and the statistical differences disappeared after that.
CONCLUSIONSThe domestic PD solution (Changfu) was proven to be as effective as Baxter dialysis solution. During 48-week period, a dosage of 6 L/d was enough for these patients to reach adequate PD. Clinical study promotes technological optimization, further helps to improve the safety indices of the medical products.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Dialysis Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; methods ; Young Adult