Objective To deeply understand the risk factors of lymphedema for patients with breast cancer after surgery. Methods The phenomenological method was applied in this study. Semi-structured interview was used to collected data from 9 female breast cancer patients with lymphedema after surgery in our hospital from June to September 2016 for generic analysis. Results The risk factors of lymphedema could be categorized into four themes:(1)choice of treatment is the primary cause:axillary lymph node dissection; radiotherapy; chemotherapy; (2)not paying enough attention to lymphedema:lacking the knowledge of lymphedema; imbalance of physical activities for the affected limb; lacking awareness of exercise and protection of the affected limb. Conclusions Axillary lymph node dissection after radical surgery for patients with breast cancer is the primary cause of lymphedema, and paying not enough attention is an important factor, especially lacking the consciousness of prevention, so the nurses should emphasize education about prevention of lymphedema after surgery for patients, to improve the consciousness of them to reduce the occurrence of lymphedema and its influence on their quality of life.

This paper describes a web service for biomedical image mosaicing. A web site based on CGI (Common Gateway Interface) is implemented. The system is based on Browser/Server model and is tested in www. Finally implementation examples and experiment results are provided.
Internet ; standards ; Programming Languages ; Radiology Information Systems ; Software

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Qingfei Peiyuan Micro-pill (QPM) on HIV/AIDS patients with pulmonary infection of phlegm heat obstructing lung syndrome (PHOLS).

METHODSTotally 141 HIV/AIDS patients with pulmonary infection of PHOLS were randomly assigned to the treatment group (94 cases) and the control group (47cases). On the basis of Western medicine, patients in the treatment group took QPM. The therapeutic course for all was 28 days. The improvement of symptoms and signs was observed. The body temperature (BT), chest X ray, and white blood cells (WBCs) were detected.

RESULTSThe Chinese medical syndrome score was lower in the treatment group than in the control group at the 7th, 21st, and 28th day of treatment, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). The efficacy was better in the treatment group than in the control group at the 7th, 21st, and 28th day of treatment, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). The BT was lower in the treatment group than in the control group on the 7th day. There was no statistical difference in the patient number with normal WBCs on the 7th day (P > 0.05). But there was statistical difference in the patient number with normal WBCs on the 14th, 21st, and 28th day of treatment (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the patient number with normal chest X ray on the 7th and 28th day of treatment (P > 0.05). But there was statistical difference in the patient number with normal chest X ray on the 14th and 21 st day of treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONQPM had certain complementary effect on HIV/AIDS patients with pulmonary infection of PHOLS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

This article gires you a brief introduction about the main functions and general structure of Argon Ion high-frequency combined electrotome wihich can reduce hemorrhage in operation,prevent uncontrollable bloold-oozing,shorten the time of operation and decrease the risk of cross-infection.It also recommends some key technologies in the system,especially the use of a computer to monitor and control the system for the security and reliability of the system.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the metabolic regulation and apoptosis of Sailong bone extracts on rat osteoblast cells in vitro.

METHODSailong bone fat-soluble extract, Sailong bone ethanol extract and Sailong bone aqueous extract were extracted with super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) , and Sailong bone boiling water component was extracted with distilled water directly. MTT assay was applied to determine the proliferation of the cell promoted by four Sailong bone extracts and PAS assay for the aqueous proportion of the cell at different doses.

RESULTSailong bone fat-soluble and aqueous extract (each 10 mg x mL (-1)) could significantly improve the proliferation of rat osteoblast cells ROS 17/2. 8 (P < 0. 01). Compared with the blank, the proportion of xub-G, of the different extracts from Sailong bone is reduce evidently. The result have shown the extracts from Sailong bone could reduce the rate of aqueous of cell and could suspend the aqueous.

CONCLUSIONSailong bone can promoting the proliferation, degrading the rate of the apoptosis and delay the development of osteoblast to be the substitute of the bone of tiger as a Chinese materia medica.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Bone and Bones ; chemistry ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Materia Medica ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rodentia ; Time Factors

Adolescent ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; etiology ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the plasma protein binding rate of methyl protodioscin.

METHODThe ultrafiltration was employed to determine the plasma protein binding rate of methyl protodioscin. The plasma concentrations of methyl protodioscin were measured by HPLC-MS-MS.

RESULTThe plasma protein binding rate of methyl protodioscin with rat plasma at the concentration of 20.0, 100 and 200 microg x mL(-1) were (94.6 +/- 0.16)%, (91.6 +/- 0.35)% and (86.10 +/- 0.60)%, respectively, while the plasma protein binding rate of methyl protodioscin with normal human plasma at the above concentrations were (82.11 +/- 5.12)%, (84.54 +/- 0.32)% and (88.52 +/- 1.02)%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe binding rate of methyl protodioscin with plasma protein is high.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; metabolism ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Calibration ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diosgenin ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Saponins ; metabolism ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Ultrafiltration

Objective To investigate the frequencies and distribution of CD4+ T ceils and CD8+ T cells as well as the changes of immune activation in gastric mucesa of HIV-infected individuals. Methods 42 HIV-infected individuals were recruited into this investigation, and 36 patients had definite diagnosis of clinical stage.Biopsy of gastric mucosal tissues was performed by fiberoptic gastrescope including 10 normal people as a control group. Then, immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of CD4, CD8 and CD38 in gastric mucosa, and the distinctions among three groups were analyzed with LEICA Qwin image analysis system. Results (1) Compared with asymptomatic HIV carriers and control group, CD4+ T cells remarkably decreased in the gastric mucosa of AIDS patients (P < 0.01). In gastric mucosa of asymptomatic HIV carriers, there were still some CD4+ T cells in lymphoid follicles and stroma where CD4+ T cells were unevenly distributed, the frequency of CD4+ T cells was not significandy different between asymptomatic HIV carriers and control group (P > 0.05) ; (2) Phenomenon of CD8+ T cells infiltrating mucosal epithelium and gland was general in HIV-infected individuals. CD8+ T cells took on local excessive hyperplasia in gastric mucosa of some individuals. As compared with control group, CD8+ T cells markedly increased in gastric mucosa of infected individuals (P < 0.01), but the distinction of asymptomatic HIV carriers and AIDS patients was not significant (P > 0.05); (3) CD38-expressing cells mainly distributed over gastric mucosai surface to superficial layer(1/3-2/3 layer) of HIV-infected individuals, and was more intensive than control group (P≤ 0.01), but there was not noticeable difference between asymptomatic HIV carriers and AIDS patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion The frequencies and distribution of gastric mucosal CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected individuals were closely correlated with progression of disease. Disfunction of mucosal immune system which was resulted from HIV infection and injury of CD4+ T cells could be an important cause of CD8+ T cells increasing and CD38-expressing enhancement.

Objective:To evaluate the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for awake tracheal intubation.Methods:This study was conducted on a total of 60 elderly inpatients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery, who were randomly divided into two groups.The patients in the experimental group were given dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg, and the control group was given fentanyl 1 μg/kg.Prior to tracheal intubation, local anesthesia was applied to the trachea mucosa and larynx.The intubation condition was evaluated by the cough severity score and the post-intubation tolerance score.Incidence of hemodynamic changes, Ramsay sedation score, respiratory rate and hypoxic episodes (SpO2<90 %) were recorded and compared between two groups.At 24-hour follow-up, adverse events such as hoarseness and sore throat were also assessed.Results:Compared with the control group, the cough severity score of the experimental group decreased significantly, the Ramsay sedation score increased significantly, the mean arterial pressure decreased significantly, and the number of hypoxic episodes (O2 saturation <90%) decreased significantly (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse events (hoarseness and sore throat) between the two groups.Conclusions:Compared with fentanyl, dexmedetomidine can provide adequate sedation for elderly patients with hemodynamic stability during awake tracheal intubation.

BACKGROUND: MRI T1ρ and T2 mapping have been applied to study lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in human and rhesus monkey, showing that they can be used for evaluating the early degeneration, but their application in New Zealand rabbit lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration is never reported.OBJECTIVE: To compare the relaxation time values of T1ρ and T2 mapping at different time points in a New Zealand rabbit model of ischemic lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration, and to compare the sensitivity for degeneration.METHODS: Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, and one of intervertebral discs at L4-5,L5-6 and L6-7 was designed for ischemic lumbar intervertebral disc degenerative model and the other two discs for controls. All the rabbits underwent T1ρ and T2 mapping preoperatively, 1, 3 or 6 months postoperatively to analyze the changes in the relaxation time at different time points.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the modeling group, the T2 mapping relaxation time of nucleus pulposus was (118.53±20.51) ms and (85.42±11.65) ms at 3 and 6 months after modeling, respectively, which showed significant difference when compared with preoperatively (146.21±16.93) ms (P < 0.05); but the time showed no significant difference compared with 1 month after modeling (P > 0.05). (2)T1ρ relaxation time of nucleus pulposus was (64.75±14.63) ms at 6 months after modeling, which showed significant difference when compared with preoperatively (87.88±8.87) ms (P < 0.05); but the time showed no significant difference compared with 1 and 3 months after modeling (P > 0.05). (3) In the control group, there was no significant difference in the T1ρ or T2 mapping relaxation time of nucleus pulposus before operation with 1, 3 or 6 months after operation (P > 0.05). The Pfirrmann grade of lumbar intervertebral disc was changed to Pfirrmann grades II-III at 6 months after modeling. (4) These results suggest that MR T1ρ and T2 mapping both are quantitative tools for evaluating the progress of ischemic lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in New Zealand rabbits, especially the T2 mapping MRI may be more sensitive to early degenerative changes.