The mechanism of cerebral ischemic injury is very complex.A lot of studies have shown that inflammatory reaction is one of the main mechanisms of cerebral ischemic injury,and the inflammatory response of the waterfall is more important.Experimental studies show that Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) may play an important role in the initiation and development of cerebral ischemia,and may lead to the secondary brain injury.Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is the key of the TLR2 signal transduction pathway,which can activate the downstream inflammatory factors.And myd88 is mainly involved in the regulation of NF-κB DNA binding activity.The role of MyD88 signaling pathway mediated by TLR2 is reviewed in cerebral ischemic injury in this paper.MyD88 is the key link in the signal transduction pathway,which can be used as the research object of drug targeting therapy.

In this article we built formula database of health food containing Gardeniae Fructus with Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (V2.0). And on this basis, use data mining method such as association rules of the software, to analyze commonly used formula raw materials or materials combination of formula containing Gardeniae Fructus and raw material application having assisted function formula to protect chemical liver injury. The result shows that of the 71 health food formulas containing Gardeniae Fructus, most used materials are Gardeniae Fructus, Lycii Fructus, Angelica Sinensis Radix, Poria and so on. Commonly used materials combination mostly are Gardeniae Fructus and Lycii Fructus, Gardeniae Fructus and Angelica Sinensis Radix, Gardeniae Fructus and Poria, Gardeniae Fructus and Paeonia. There are nearly 18 healthcare functions of the health food containing Gardeniae Fructus, and most of these are assisted functions to protect chemical liver injury, and then immune modulating function. Of 23 formulas containing Gardeniae Fructus having assisted function formula to protect chemical liver injury, Gardeniae Fructus usually combined with traditional Chinese medicine which nourishs blood and liver such as Pueraria, Lycii Fructus, Hawthorn, Paeonia and Turnjujube. Analyzing formula raw materials application of health food containing Gardeniae Fructus contributes a lot to the further development and utilization.
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; Data Mining ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Food, Organic ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of CT perfusion in predicting the status of axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer.Methods Fony-five patients with infiltrating breast cancers and 46 clinically palpable axillary lymph nodes underwent dynamic mtdti-slice spiral CT(MSCT).Semi-automatic calculation of perfusion parameters including blood flow(BF),blood volume(BV),mean transit time(MTT)and permeability surface(PS)of "target" lymph nodes and muscles in the same scan level were respectively meagured and analyzed.Nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for the statistics.Results Forty-six "target" lymph nodes examined by CTP were metastasis in 32 cases and reactive hyperplastic lymph node inflammation in 14 cases at pathology.22 of 32 metastatic "target" nodes (68%)were sentinel lymph nodes(SLN).BF of CIP for inflammation and metastatic "target" nodes were (76.18±31.53)and(161.60±40.94)ml·100 mg-1·min-1,BV were(5.81±2.50)and(9.15±3.02)ml／100 mg.MTT were(6.80±1.55)and(5.50±1.84)s,PS were(25.82±4.62)and (25.96±7.47)ml·100 mg-1·min-1.There were significant correlations between the BF value of inflammation and metastatic "target" nodes(r=0.14,P<0.05)and there were no significant correlations among the BV,MTT and PS values of inflammation and metastatic "target" nodes(r=-0.03,0.05,0.07.P>0.05).Conelusion CTP can provide useful informafion for evaluating lymph node status.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2),myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods One hundred twenty-fiwe adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,cerebral ischemia group and T2.5 (TLR2 antagonist) treatment group.A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced by suture method.T2.5 (0.121 2 μg/g) was injected into jugular vein at the beginning of reperfusion in the T2.5 treatment group.Cerebral infarction volume,brain edema,bloodbrain barrier permeability and neurological deficit score were measured at 24 h after reperfusion.Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of TLR2,MyD88 and MMP-9 at different time points in the ischemic cortex.Results Western blot analysis showed that compared with the sham operation group,the expression levels of TLR2 and MyD88 in the ischemic group increased significantly from 6 h after ischemia-reperfusion and lasted for 24 h (all P ＜ 0.05),while MMP-9 increased significantly at 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion (P ＜ 0.05).At 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion,the blood-brain barrier permeability,brain edema degree,cerebral infarction volume,and neurological deficit score in the ischemic group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (all P ＜0.05);at this time,the expression levels of TLR2,MyD88 and MMP-9 in the T2.5 treatment group were significantly lower than those in the ischemic group (all P＜ 0.05),and the blood-brain barrier permeability,brain edema degree,cerebral infarction volume,and neurological deficit score were significantly reduced (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusion TLR2,MyD88 and MMP-9 might be involved in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.TLR2 antagonist T2.5 might inhibit the expression of MMP-9 through TLR2-MyD88 signaling pathway,thus alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prognostic values of HIF-1α, APE1, VEGF, and COX-2 protein expressions and their predictive value of tumor necrosis rate and prognosis in osteosarcoma, as well as their interrelationships.

METHODSFormalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples were obtained from patients with osteosarcoma. Immunohistochemical assay was performed in pre-chemotherapy samples to determine the HIF-1α, VEGF, APE1, and COX-2 protein expression levels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used in post-operative samples to determine the tumor necrosis rate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the impact of protein expression on prognosis.

RESULTSTumor tissues were obtained from 49 patients. Their median follow up was 29 months. HIF-1α was significantly correlated to every protein we tested: VEGF (P = 0.032), APE1 (P < 0.001), and COX-2 (P < 0.001). HIF-1α protein expression had a significant impact on disease free survival (P = 0.006). Expression of HIF-1α had a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 71.9% for poor pathological response (< 90% of tumor necrosis) versus good pathological response to chemotherapy (≥ 90% necrosis).

CONCLUSIONExpression of HIF-1α is a predictor of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and outcome in osteosarcoma and is correlated with VEGF, APE1, and COX-2 expression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Child ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase ; metabolism ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Osteosarcoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of conventional metal materials in oral cavity on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODSFour kinds of metal materials (metal ligature wire, forging hard and slotless denture, casting nichrome denture, casting copper alloy denture) in oral cavity were scanned through MRI. FSE sequence T1 weighted imaging (FSE T1), EPI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence of ordinary, Propeller DWI imaging were used.

RESULTSIn FSE T1 sequence, metal ligature wire and forging hard and slotless denture produced serious false image, casting nichrome denture produced moderate false image, casting copper alloy denture produced only little false image. In EPI DWI sequence, obvious magnetic-sensitive false image were produced in the dissection tissue of the brain by metal ligature wire. While in Propeller DWI sequence, magnetic-sensitive false image were greatly reduced and satisfactory images were formed.

CONCLUSIONDifferent metal materials in oral cavity have different influence on the MRI. The false images produced by different metal materials are closely related to the type of the material. Magnetic-sensitive false images can be eliminated by Propeller DWI technique.

Dental Materials ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

BACKGROUNDThe CRF07_BC recombinant strain has been one of the most predominantly circulated HIV-1 strains in China, it is therefore necessary and urgent to develop a relevant animal model to evaluate candidate vaccines targeting HIV-1 CRF07_BC. A highly replication-competent simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIV) construct containing the Chinese CRF07_BC HIV-1 env gene with the ability to infect Chinese rhesus monkeys would serve as an important tool in the development of HIV vaccines. The aim of this study was to examine whether SHIV XJDC6431 with the env fragment from a Chinese HIV-1 isolate virus could infect the human and monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), establish infection in Chinese rhesus macaque.

METHODSA SHIV strain was constructed by replacing the rev/env genes of SHIV KB9 with the corresponding fragment derived from the HIV-1 CRF07_BC strain. The infectious activity of the SHIV clones was determined in vitro in PBMCs from both non-human primate animals and humans. Finally, one Chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was infected with one SHIV via intravenous infusion.

RESULTSOne SHIV clone designated as SHIV XJDC6431, was generated that could infect macaque and human PBMC. The virus produced from this clone also efficiently infected the CCR5-expressing GHOST cell lines, indicating that it uses CCR5 as its coreceptor. Finally, the virus was intravenously inoculated into one Chinese rhesus macaque. Eventually, the animal became infected as shown by the occurrence of viremia within 3 of infection. The viral load reached 105 copies of viral RNA per ml of plasma during the acute phase of infection and lasted for 10 weeks post infection.

CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that SHIV XJDC6431 is an R5-tropic chimeric virus, which can establish infection not only in vitro but also in vivo in the Chinese rhesus macaque. Although the animal inoculated with SHIV XJDC6431 became infected without developing a pathologic phenotype, the virus efficiently replicated with a persistent level of viral load in the plasma. This suggested that the SHIV could be used as a tool to test candidate AIDS vaccines targeting the Chinese HIV-1 CRF_07BC recombinant strain.

Animals ; Chimera ; Genes, env ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Proviruses ; genetics ; Receptors, CCR5 ; physiology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis effects of polysaccharides extracts from Hedyotis diffusa (PEHD) on multiple myeloma (MM) cell line RPMI 8226 cells in vitro, so as to provide experimental theory for the clinical application in the treatment of MM.

METHODSMTT assay was used to examine the effects of PEHD on cell growth. The apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry with AnnexinⅤ/PI staining. Hoechst staining was used to observe the morphological changes of RPMI 8226 cell apoptosis. The expression levels of caspase-3,-8,-9, PARP, nucleoprotein NF-κB protein and other channel protein were assayed by Western blotting method.

RESULTSThe growth of RPMI 8226 cells were suppressed after treatment with PEHD, the highest inhibition rate reached to 92.3%, the results in the doses from 1 to 4 mg/ml showed a dose-and-time-dependent manner. The proportion of apoptotic cells in 1, 2 and 3 mg/ml PEHD treatment groups for 24 h were 22.52%, 62.31% and 69.94%, respectively, and significantly higher than that of control 8.93%. After treated with PEHD, apoptotic body appeared in RPMI 8226 cells nucleus and the number of apoptotic body increased in a dose-dependent manner. With the increasing of PEHD concentration, the expression of caspase-8,-9,-3 and PARP protein increased. The expression of Mcl-1, Bcl-xl, Bid and Bim protein decreased gradually, but the expression of Bax, Bak and Bad protein increased, and the expression of p-AKT protein (60 kDa) and NF-κB obviously decreased.

CONCLUSIONPEHD could inhibited the growth of RPMI 8226 cells and displayed a dose-and-time-dependent manner, its mechanism may involve cell apoptosis induction, which was associated with the activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 protein and the down-regulation of p-AKT and NF-κB protein expression.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 8 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Hedyotis ; chemistry ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; metabolism ; pathology ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDMagnifying narrow-band imaging has enabled observation of the mucosal and vascular patterns of gastrointestinal lesions. This study investigated the potential value of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging for the classification of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia.

METHODSSeventy-six patients with gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (82 lesions) at People's Liberation Army General Hospital from December 2009 to November 2010 were analyzed. All patients underwent magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging, and their lesions were differentiated into probable low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or possible high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia on the basis of the imaging features. Pathologic proof was subsequently obtained by endoscopic submucosal dissection in every case. The validity of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging was calculated, considering histopathology to be the gold standard.

RESULTSMagnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging showed 22 low-grade intraepithelial neoplastic lesions and 60 high-grade intraepithelial neoplastic lesions. Of the 22 low-grade intraepithelial neoplastic lesions, 16 showed the same results on both imaging and pathology. Of the 60 high-grade intraepithelial neoplastic lesions, 53 showed the same results on both imaging and pathology. Thus, the sensitivity of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia was 89.83%, which was higher than that for low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (69.57%). However, the specificity for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (69.57%) was lower than that for low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (89.83%). The overall accuracy of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging was 84.15%.

CONCLUSIONSMagnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging can distinguish between gastric low- and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. It may be a convenient and effective method for the classification of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis

BACKGROUNDThe human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been considered to be an important tolerogeneic molecule playing an essential role in maternal-fetal tolerance, upregulated in the context of transplantation, malignancy, and inflammation, and has been correlated with various clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of the expression of membrane HLA-G (mHLA-G), intracellular HLA-G (iHLA-G), and soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in the peripheral blood of live kidney transplant recipients.

METHODSWe compared the expression of the three HLA-G isoforms in three groups, healthy donors (n=20), recipients with acute rejection (n=19), and functioning transplants (n=30). Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of mHLA-G and iHLA-G in the T lymphocytes of peripheral blood from subjects in the three groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect sHLA-G in the plasma from the three groups.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in mHLA-G and intracellular HLA-G among the three groups, but the sHLA-G plasma level was higher in the functioning group than in the acute rejection or healthy group. We found a subset of CD4(+)HLA-G(+) and CD8(+)HLA-G(+) T lymphocytes with low rates of mHLA-G expression in the peripheral blood of kidney transplantation recipients. Intracellular expression of HLA-G was detected in T lymphocytes. However, there was no correlation between acute rejection and the mHLA-G or intracellular HLA-G expression.

CONCLUSIONsHLA-G was the major isoform in the peripheral blood of live kidney transplant recipients and high sHLA-G levels were associated with allograft acceptance.

Adult ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; HLA-G Antigens ; blood ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology