ObjectiveTo observe the effect and security of Batroxobin vein injection on patients with diabetes mellitus and acute cerebral infarction.Methods66 patients with diabetes mellitus and acute cerebral infarction were treated with Batroxobin vein injection and assessed with the scale of neurological deficit before treatment and at 3rd and 6th day after treatment.At the same time the coagulant function and the count of blood platelet were measured.ResultsAfter treatment,the concentration of fibrinogen in blood plasma of patients decreased and scores of neurological deficit assessment improved both significantly(P<0.001).The total validity of Batroxobin vein injection was 93.9%.No side actions of drug were found.ConclusionBatroxobin vein injection can be used as a therapeutic method of dissolving thrombus in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute cerebral infarction in early stage.

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between arachidonic acid (AA) and acute red blood cells damage in rats, and to build a model with hidden blood loss in vivo, and to explore the pathological mechenism of hidden blood loss.

METHODSA total of 50 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (200 ± 20) g were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): control group and four experimental groups. The rats in the experimental groups were given 0.5 ml different concentrations of AA dilu- ents, 5, 10, 20, 40 mmol/L respectively. The blood samples were collected from orbital venous at the beginning and 24, 48, 72 hours after administration. Then the changes of hemoglobin (Hb) ,red blood cell count (RBC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH- PX) activity, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H202) in the blood samples were tested.

RESULTSSignificant hidden blood loss occurred when the concentration was 10 mmol/L in the experimental group, with the RBC and Hb sharply reduced in blood samples. The Hb and RBC were reduced in all the experimental groups and control group at 24 hours after administration, while in the experimental groups they changed more obviously. The GSH-PX activity, T-SOD activity and H₂O₂were also significantly reduced in all groups, and the changes showed significant differences. The Hb and RBC were relatively stable in the control group and the experimental groups at 48 hours after administration; while GSH-PX activity, T-SOD activity and H₂O₂were all significantly decreased, and the changes in the experimental groups were more notable.

CONCLUSIONElevated levels of AA in the blood causes oxidative stress in the red blood cells, leading to the damage of red blood cells and hemoglobin, which is responsible for hidden blood loss.

Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; toxicity ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; blood ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood

Objective To investigate the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium. Methods The MICs of six fluoroquinolones(norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,levofloxacin,gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin) against 35 clinical isolates of E.faecium from eight hospitals in Tianjin were determined by agar dilution method in the absence or presence of multidrug resistance efflux pump inhibitor reserpine.The quinolone-resistance determining region(QRDR)of parC and gyrA were amplified and sequenced.Results No less than twofold decrease in MIC values of the six fluoroquinolones in the presence of reserpine was observed in 35,29,1,0,6 and 2 of the 35 strains of E.faecium respectively.One fluoro- quinolone-susceptible isolate and five fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were selected randomly to analyze the QRDR of parC and gyrA.All five fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates had single amino acid alteration in both GyrA and ParC.Ser-80 in ParC was substituted by lie(4 isolates)or Arg(1 isolates).Glu-87 in GyrA was replaced by Lys(2 isolates)or Gly(2 isolates). The other one had an Ser-83-to-Ile substitution.The one fluoroquinolone-suseeptible isolate had no alteration in the QRDR of either ParC or GyrA.Conclusions Both target alteration and active efflux are responsible for the resistance to fluoroquinolone in clinical isolates of E.faecium.

Objective: To observe the antiasthmaf ic, anti-inflammatory and immunological effects of Gubenchuansoukang Granule. Methods: The rats asthma model was established by ovalbumin sensitization. The model was identified by the study of the asthma incubation period and the total white cells counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The anti-inflammatory effect was observed by the acute inflammation and chronic inflammation induced xylene and agar. To observe the effect of Gubenchuansoukang Granule on humoral immunity and cellular immunity induced by chicken red blood cell and 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene. Results: Gubenchuansoukang Granule could lengthen the asthma incubation period, reduce the quantity of total white cells in BALF, against the acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, and restrain the humoral immunity and cellular immunity. Conclusion: Gubenchuansoukang Granule had antiasthmafic, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppression effects.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease characterized by intestinal dysmotility, the mechanism of which remains elusive. We aim to determine whether the high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1), a determinant of cholinergic signaling capacity, modulates intestinal motility associated with stress-induced IBS. METHODS: A rat IBS model was established using chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Colonic pathological alterations were evaluated histologically and intestinal motility was assessed by intestinal transit time and fecal water content (FWC). Visceral sensitivity was determined by visceromotor response to colorectal distension. RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunostaining were performed to identify colonic CHT1 expression. Contractility of colonic muscle strips was measured using isometric transducers. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure acetylcholine (ACh). We examined the effects of MKC-231, a choline uptake enhancer, on colonic motility. RESULTS: After 10 days of WAS, intestinal transit time was decreased and fecal water content increased. Visceromotor response magnitude in WAS rats in response to colorectal distension was significantly enhanced. Protein and mRNA CHT1 levels in the colon were markedly elevated after WAS. The density of CHT1-positive intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal and myenteric plexus neurons in WAS rats was higher than in controls. Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate partly reversed CHT1 upregulation and alleviated colonic hypermotility in WAS rats. Pharmacological enhancement of CHT1 activity by MKC-231 enhanced colonic motility in control rats via upregulation of CHT1 and elevation of ACh production. CONCLUSION: Upregulation of CHT1 in intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal and myenteric plexus neurons is implicated in chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility by modulation of ACh synthesis via nuclear factor-kappa B signaling.
Acetylcholine ; Ammonium Compounds ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Choline ; Colon ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Models, Animal ; Myenteric Plexus ; Neurons ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger ; Transducers ; Up-Regulation ; Water

Objective To study the features,safe Sex behavior and the size of men who have sex with men(MSM)population in actuaI and virtual venues in one city.Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study in actual and virtual venues,using the Estimated Size of Population from a Single Sample(LMS method)to estimate the size of MSM population.Results Most MSM in actual venues were 24-43 year olds and had received high school education,whereas in virtual venues,the majority of this population were younger than 29 years old and had higher education,including some college students.The awareness of AIDS of the two groups from different venues showed no statistically significant difierence,neither the safe sex behaviors.Proportions of the MSM population in actual and virtuaI venues were 21.22%(16 383,95%CI:11514-21252)and 78.78%(60830,95%CI:57327-64329),respectively.After adjusting the overlapping part of the MSM from both venues,the total number was between 60 830 and 77213,constituting a proportion of 5.03%-6.38%in the sexually active male population(15-64 year olds)in this city.Conclusion The size of the MSM population was large but the characteristics were different in the actual or virtual venues.As most MSM preferred going to the virtual venues,intervention program on AIDS-specific strategy in this area,in particular dealing with the Internet,should be strenthened.

Objective To investigate the choice of surgical methods and short-term therapeutic efficacy of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 188 cases who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) from December 2015 to December 2017 in Cangzhou Central Hospital.Total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (TLPD) was performed in 102 patients whose diameter of pancreatic duct was greater than or equal to 3 mm,and end-to-side anastomosis of pancreatic duct and jejunum was used to reconstruct the digestive tract (TLPD group).Laparoscopic assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (LAPD) was performed in 86 patients with pancreatic duct diameter less than 3 mm,and the digestive tract was reconstructed by end-to-side pancreaticoduodenectomy with pocket-insertion (LAPD group).The clinical data of the two groups were analyzed and compared.Results There were no significant differences on sex,age,ASA grade,preoperative total bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase and serum albumin levels between the two groups(P ＞0.05),which was comparable.The total incision length and hospitalization time in TLPD group were significantly shorter than those in LAPD group [(8.2± 1.4)cm vs (12.9±2.6) cm];[(10.9±5.9)d vs (14.3±6.5) d],while the time of pancreaticojejunostomy was significantly longer than that in LAPD group [(36.1 ± 14.7) min vs (14.0 ± 4.2) min].The incidence of pancreatic fistula after operation was significantly higher than that in LAPD group (30.4％ vs 10.5％).The difference was statistically significant (all P＜0.05).There were no significant differences on mean operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,number of lymph node dissection,R0 resection rate,ICU admission time,eating time,total complication rate and 6-month disease-free survival rate between the two groups.Conclusions TLPD has the advantages of less trauma and quicker recovery.But for pancreatic duct diameter less than 3 mm,the choice of LAPD can increase the safety of operation and reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of oleanolic acid-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid-D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (PLGA-TPGS ) nanoparticles (OPTN ) combined with heparin sodium-loaded PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (HPTN)on liver cancer,and explore whether OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect by comparing the results of single medication.Methods Coumarin 6 and eosin were used as fluorescent probes to examine the cellular uptake by human liver cancer HepG2 cell and murine ascitic hepatocarcinoma cell strain with high metastasis potential in the lymphatic system (HCa-F).The in vitro cytotoxic combination effect and apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by OPTN combined with HPTN were also determined using WST-1 assay and Annexin V-FITC staining. The antitumor effect in vivo was determined by tumor growth inhibition rate and hematoxylin & eosin staining (H & E)method.Results Both OPTN with green fluorescence and HPTN with red fluorescence were found in HepG2 cells and HCa-F cells,suggesting that they had been internalized.The cell cytotoxicity test and Annexin V-FITC staining results showed that OPTN combined with HPTN had a synergistic effect.The therapeutic effect in vivo showed that OPTN combined with HPTN effectively inhibited tumor growth better than the drug alone.Conclusion OPTN combined with HPTN has a synergistic effect in more effectively inhibiting liver cancer better than single medication.

The previous study indicated that aquaporin 4 (AQP4) deficiency attenuated opioid physical dependence. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the effects of AQP4 deficiency on the expression of three factors, protein kinase C (PKC) α, PKCγ and c-Fos in the spinal cord, which are known to be concerned with spinal neuronal sensitization and opiate dependence, were investigated in AQP4 knockout mice using Western blotting analysis. It was observed that AQP4 deficiency reduced the score of naloxone-precipitated abstinent jumping after repeated morphine administration compared with wild-type (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the protein levels of PKCα and c-Fos in the spinal cord of AQP4 knockout mice were significantly higher than those in the wild-type mice; while the expression of PKCγ was decreased remarkably by AQP4 knockout during the withdrawal (P < 0.01). These data suggest that AQP4 deficiency-attenuated morphine withdrawal responses may be partially attributed to the changes in the spinal expression of PKCα, PKCγ or c-Fos.
Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Aquaporin 4 ; deficiency ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Morphine ; pharmacology ; Naloxone ; pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C-alpha ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore nm23 gene mRNA expression and its clinical significance in acute leukemias (AML).

METHODSThe levels of nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 transcripts in 22 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 9 AML in complete remission (AML-CR), 12 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 4 chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) were assayed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe expression of nm23-H1 in AL especially in AML-M4 and AML-M5 was significantly higher than that in normal blood cells. An analysis of correlation between nm23 expression and clinicopathological parameters showed that increased nm23-H1 mRNA levels were associated with some poor-prognostic factors such as extramedullary infiltration, high white blood cell count (WBC), high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and high CD(7) expression, while inversely correlated with t(8; 21) and t(15; 17) which had a good-prognostic effect. The expression of nm23-H1 in AML patients in CR was significantly decreased compared with those untreated.

CONCLUSIONnm23-H1 was overexpressed in AL, especially in AML-M4 and AML-M5. High expression of nm23-H1 may be a poor prognostic factor.

Adult ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases ; Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction