OBJECTIVE: To explore the development channel of on-line pharmacy in China. METHODS: The problems existing in the individual customers and the retail chain pharmaceutical enterprises were analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The relation between the individual customers and the retail chain pharmaceutical enterprises should be coordinated when developing the on-line pharmacy. Only when the problmes such as the psychology and habbits of individual customers, and the running cost, drug safe distribution, network development and so on in the retail chain pharmaceutical enterprises have been solved can the on-line pharmacy smoothly developed.

Objective To understand the drug resistance status of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBLs)-producing Esche-richia coli (E.coli)and Klebsiella pneumonia (KPN ),and the prevalence situation of TEM and SHV genotype in Wusu city.Meth-ods E.coli and KPN isolated in two hospitals of Wusu city from July 2011 to June 2013 were collected and the drug sensitivity test was performed by the disk diffusion method (K-B method),the ESBLs preliminary screening and the phenotypic confirmatory test were carried according to the guideline of CLSI,and at the same time DNA of ESBLs producing strains was extracted and the TEM and SHV genes among them were tested by PCR and the electrophoresis method.Results Totally 221 strains of E.coli and 153 strains of KPN were collected,among them ESBLs producing strains were 37 strains and 43 strains respectively,and the detec-tion rate of ESBLs in KPN was higher than that in E.coli(χ2 =6.942,P <0.01).The drug resistance of two kinds of bacteria were similar,the resistance rate of ESBLs producing strains to beta lactam antibacterial drugs was obviously higher than that in non-en-zyme producing strains,which was mostly more than 90%;the resistance rate to penicillin and the first or second generation cepha-losporins was almost 100%;which to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was above 50%;while which to carbapenem was lower,less than 5%.The detection rates of TEM and SHV genes were 72.9% and 54% in ESBLs producing E.coli and 81.4% and 65.1% in KPN respectively,the detection rates were basically consistent without statistically significant differences between them (P >0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of ESBLs producing E.coli and KPN in Wusu city is higher,the drug resistance situation is severe,and TEM,SHV are the important genotypes of ESBLs.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; Female ; Giant Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Osteoclasts ; pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; pathology ; Tongue Neoplasms ; pathology ; Urologic Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To study the protective effect of polyene phosphatidylcholine on hepatic injury induced by oxaliplatin and 5?fluorouracil. Methods A subcutaneous tumor model was established by transplanting colocarcinoma HCT116 cells into 30 nude mice,which were random?ized into three groups. The polyene phosphatidylcholine group was injected with polyene phosphatidylcholine(85 mg · kg-1 · d-1)and 5?fluorouracil (20 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 7 days,and then injected with oxaliplatin(6 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 1 day. The hepatic injury group was injected with 5?fluoroura?cil(20 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 7 days and oxaliplatin(6 mg·kg-1·d-1)for 1 day. The tumor?bearing blank group was injected with normal saline. Hepat?ic injury was observed with ultrathin pathological sections. Liver homogenates were prepared to detect superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase (CAT)activity. Results In the hepatic injury group,pathological sections revealed dissolved cellular cytoplasm,mitochondrial membrane dam?age,cell membrane edema,and fuzzy,sinusoidal cell expansion . There were no obvious hepatic injuries observed in the polyene phosphatidylcho?line group. The expression of SOD and CAT were lower in the hepatic injury and polyene phosphatidylcholine groups compared to the tumor?bear?ing blank group(P<0.05). The expression of SOD and CAT were higher in the polyene phosphatidylcholine group compared to the hepatic injury group(P<0.05). Conclusion Polyene phosphatidylcholine has a protective effect on hepatic injury induced by oxaliplatin and 5?fluorouracil, which may be related to its effect on membrane repair and inhibition of oxidative stress.

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of butoconazole in human plasma. Human plasma samples of 0.2 μL were pretreated by a single step protein precipitation procedure and analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrospray tandem mass spectrometer system. The compounds were eluted isocratically on an Inertsil ODS-SP column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm), ionized using a positive ion atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization source and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The ion transitions monitored were m/z 412.8→165.1 for butoconazole and m/z 453.4→230.3 for the internal standard. The chromatographic run time was 3.5 min per injection, with retention time of 2.47 min and 2.15 min for butoconazole and repaglinide, respectively. The method was validated to be linear over the range of 20 to 8000 pg/mL (r>0.999) by using a weighted (1/x(2)) quadratic regression. The mean recovery rate was more than 86.7%, and the intra- and inter-day precision of the quality control samples (QCs) was less than 8.3% and the accuracy ranged from 96.0% to 110.2%, which indicated that the quantitative method was reliable and accurate. The method is simple, rapid, and has been applied successfully to a pharmacokinetics study of butoconazole nitrate suppositories in healthy Chinese females.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of 1, 25-(OH)2D3 on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSType 2 diabetic mellitus (DM) model rats were established by intraperitoneally injecting with 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. After 8 weeks, 19 male rats were identified as diabetic with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by ultrasound examination, and randomly assigned into three groups: untreated (DM-LVH, n=7), treated with insulin (DM-LVH+INS, n=6), and treated with 1, 25-(OH)2D3 (DM-LVH+VD, n=6). Healthy male rats were used as the controls group (n=6). The fasting blood glucose and the insulin level were determined weekly. The left ventricular mass index, myocardial collagen content, collagen volume fraction, and 1, 25-(OH)2D3-receptor level were determined by 4 weeks later.

RESULTSIn the DM-LVH model group, the insulin level was significantly decreased compared with the non-diabetic control group (P<0.05), whereas the blood glucose, left ventricular mass index, myocardial collagen content, collagen volume fraction, and 1, 25-(OH)2D3-receptor expression were significantly increased (all P<0.05). In the DM-LVH+INS and DM-LVH+VD groups, the insulin levels were significantly increased compared with the DM-LVH model group (P<0.05), whereas the other parameters were significantly decreased (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION1, 25-(OH)2D3 could reverse LVH in diabetic rats and that the mechanism may involve stimulating insulin secretion and reducing blood glucose via direct up-regulation of 1, 25-(OH)2D3-receptor expression.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Calcitriol ; therapeutic use ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; complications ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; prevention & control ; Insulin ; blood ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Calcitriol ; analysis ; Streptozocin

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of retention enema with combination of Chinese and Western drugs in treating chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC).

METHODSThe therapeutic effects of retention enema with combination of Chinese and Western drugs (as tested group) and with Western drugs alone (as control group) were compared in a randomized controlled trial.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of clinical curative in the tested group and the control group was 96.7% and 73.3% respectively, the difference between them was significant (chi2 = 4.71, P < 0.05). Statistical difference in comparing pre- and post-treatment condition and comparing between groups was shown in comparison of symptoms, scores of endoscopic picture (except that of polypus), and routine examination of stool (except pus cell number, all P < 0.05). The total recurrence rate of the tested group was 33.3% and the control group 60.0%, the difference between them was significant (chi2 = 4.286, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRetention enema with combination of Chinese and Western drugs has good curative effects in treating CUC.

Administration, Rectal ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gentamicins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

The theoretical basis of the alcohol precipitation process control was provided, the alcohol precipitation was optimized and the relationship equation was got. The monod glycoside, loganin and paeoniflorin were used as the evaluation indexes to determine the impact factors of alcohol precipitation techniques of Liuwei Dihuang decoction by the Plackett-Burman experimental design and the levels of non-significant factors were identified. Then, Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to research and discuss the critical process parameters influence the effect of alcohol precipitation and draw interaction between key process parameters and the correlation equation with index components. Through the establishment and solving the quadratic regression model of composite score, the optimum preparation conditions of alcohol precipitation techniques of liuwei were as follows: stirring speed was 580 r x min(-1), standing time was 17 hours, alcohol concentration was 34%, the density of Liuwei Dihuang decoction was 1.13. The response surface methodology for optimized alcohol precipitation techniques of Liuwei Dihuang decoction is. reasonable and feasible.
Chemical Precipitation ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of different pH on rectum permeability of chlorogenic acid and geniposide.

METHODFour kinds of Reduning suppositories of different pH were separated and put into the rectum to study the suppositories in vitro and the content of chlorogenic acid and geniposide samples was determined by HPLC to calculate the permeation in 24 hours.

RESULTWith increase of pH within 2.5-7.4, the steady state flux of chlorogenic acid was increased, but the steady state flux of geniposidesamples was steady.

CONCLUSIONAdjusted the pH can increase the rectum permeability of active ingredients in Reduning auppositories.

Animals ; Chlorogenic Acid ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iridoids ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Permeability ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rectum ; metabolism ; Suppositories ; pharmacokinetics

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; genetics ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; pharmacology ; Electroporation ; methods ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 ; Transfection