Atrophy ; Disability Evaluation ; Humans ; Kidney

The technique of liquisolid compress is a new technique developed in 1990s, which was considered to be the most promising technique to improve the dissolution of water-insoluble drugs. In this article, tanshinone II(A) and the extracts of the ester-solubility fractions were chosen as the model drugs to evaluate the effects of the liquisolid technique for enhancement of dissolution properties of tanshinone II(A). Several liquisolid tablets (LS) formulations containing different dosage of drugs and various liquid vehicle were pre-pared and for all the formulations, microcrystalline cellulose and silica were chosen as the carrier and coating materials to evaluate their flow properties, such as angle of repose, Carr's compressibility index and Hausner's ratio. The interaction between drug and excipients in prepared LS compacts were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The dissolution curves of tanshinone II(A) from liquisolid compacts were investigated to determine the technique's effect in improving the dissolution of tanshinone II(A) and its impacting factors. According to the results, the dissolution increased with the rise in the dissolution of the liquid-phase solvent. The R-value and drug dosage can significantly affect the drug release, but with less impact on active fractions. This indicated that liquisolid technique is a promising alternative for improvement of dissolution property of water-soluble drugs, and can make a synergistic effect with other ester-soluble constituents and bettern improve the release of tanshinone II(A). Therefore, the technique of liquisolid compress will have a better development prospect in traditional Chinese medicines.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; chemistry ; Solubility ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To investigate the variation of immune index in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with autologous purified CD+34 cells transplantation and to clarify the relationship with pathogenesis and prognosis. Methods Flow cytometry (FCM) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were used to test lymphocyte subsets, C3, C4, CH50, autoantibodies and immunoglobulin for 18 cases of SLE before and after transplantation. Results The results showed that the ratio of all the T cell subsets reduced obviously in early postgraft and recovered gradually in 1 to 3 months after transplantation except CD45 RO+CD+4 cells. The levels of serum C3, C4, CH50 increased significantly after transplantation. No case relapsed within one year after transplantation, but 2 patients relapsed one year after transplantation. The levels of the indexes in the patients with relapse were significantly lower than those in the patients with persistent remission, including C4 in the entire course, CH50 in the 3rd and 12th month after transplantation and CD45 RA+ CD+8 cells in the 6th month after transplantation. However, the ratio of CD45 RO+ CD+4 cells in the first month after transplantation in the patients with relapse was higher than that in the patients with persistent remission. Conclusion Autologous purified CD+34 cells transplantation is effective for treating SLE. Survey of immune indexes before and after transplantation is important to investigate the pathogenesis of SLE. Moreover, these immune indexes can be used to predict therapeutic efficacy of SLE.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of full-mouth debridement ( subgingival scaling and root planning , SRP) by 2 times within 1 week and compare the clinical effects of different sequences of debridement-antibiotic usage in patients with severe chronic periodontitis ( CP ) .Methods: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 30 severe CP patients (14 males and 16 females, 40.5 ±8.4 years old on average from 35 to 60 ) receiving 3 different sequences of debridement-antibiotictherapy:Group A, antibiotic usage (metronidazole, MTZ, 0.2 g, tid, 7 d;amo-xicillin, AMX 0.5 g, tid, 7 d) was started together with SRP ( completed by 2 times in 7 d);Group B, antibiotic usage (MTZ 0.2 g, tid, 7 d;AMX 0.5 g, tid, 7 d) was started 1 d after SRP(completed by 2 times in 7 d);Group C, SRP alone[probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) and tooth mobility] was examined .The average full-mouth probing depth , the average full-mouth proximal probing depth ( pPD) , the percentage of sites with PD >5 mm ( PD>5 mm%) , the percentage of sites with proximal PD>5 mm ( pPD>5 mm%) , the average bleeding index ( BI) and the percentage of sites with bleeding on probing ( BOP%) were calculated .Clinical examinations were performed at baseline and 2 months post therapy .Results:(1) Compared with baseline conditions , all the subjects showed clinical improve-ments in all the parameters evaluated 2 months post therapy , P<0 .05 .( 2 ) Significant difference were observed in the average PD changes between Group A [(2.15 ±0.42) mm], Group B [(1.76 ±0.29) mm] and Group C [(1.57 ±0.33) mm], P<0.05.No significant difference was observed in the aver-age PD changes between Group B and Group C , P=0.354.Significant differences were observed in the average pPD changes between Group A [(2.45 ±0.43)mm] and Group C[(1.90 ±0.48) mm], P<0.05.No significant difference was observed in BI and BOP% changes between Group A ,Group B and Group C.Conclusion: For patients with severe chronic periodontitis , it is safe and feasible to receive full-mouth SRP by 2 times within 1 week.The short-term ( 2 months ) advantages in PD changes are observed in patients receiving SRP and antibiotic usage at the same time comparing with patients using antibiotics after SRP or SRP alone .

Objective To investigate the prevalence and attitude of smoking and its influencing factors among residents in Hongkou District of Shanghai,so as to provide evidence for tobacco control. Methods Nine hundred and sixty residents in Hongkou District of Shanghai aged 15 to 69 years were selected by multi-level random sampling,among whom 958 completed the investigations on smoking status. Results The smoking rate and standardized smoking rate were 20.04% and 18.73%,respectively.The smoking rate and standardized smoking rate of males were 41.05% and 30.07%,and those of females were 0.80% and 1.70%,respectively.The smoking rate of males was higher than that of females(RR=0.02,95%CI: 0.01-0.03).The smoking rates of age groups of 25 years old and over were higher than those of 15 to 24 years old,and the smoking rate of subjects with or above junior college education was lower than that of subjects with or below middle school education(RR=0.45,95%CI: 0.25-0.79).Subjects who drank alcohol smoked more than those did not(RR=2.68,95%CI: 1.76-4.09).Lower annual per capita income and higher knowledge on smoking hazard led to more tendance to object to smoking and agree with anti-smoking. Conclusion The prevalence of smoking of residents aged 15 to 69 years in Hongkou District of Shanghai was relatively lower.Age,gender,education status and alcohol drinking were influencing factors of smoking.Education on tobacco control among subjects aged more than 35 years should be strengthened,and more attention should be paid to those with lower education.Besides,education on alcohol control should be managed together with tobacco control.

AIM:To explore the treatment methods and curative effect of amblyopia in children, and to analyze the effect of compliance on the treatment process.METHODS:The children with amblyopia treatment since January 1st 2010 in General Hospital of Jinan Military Area, were selected and completed follow-up for a total of 129 eyes of 78 patients, including 53 eyes of male in 31 cases and 76 eyes of female in 47 cases, the initial age of 3 to 12 years, the treatment were performed with accurate optometry, reasonable glasses and appropriate to cover the dominant eye based comprehensive therapy and compliance training of the parents and children.The treatment time was 12-36mo, followed up for 3a.The final therapeutic effect was observed and the difference of the stage curative effect between the children with different grade of compliance (good, moderate and poor grade) was compared.RESULTS:In the treatment of 36mo, 106 eyes were cured, 21 eyes were essentially recovered and the total cure rate was 98.4%, which was improved in 2 eyes (1.6%) and was ineffective in 0 eyes (0%);the total effective rate were 100%.The total cure rate was 69% in the treatment of 6mo and there was a significant difference in the cure rate among children with different compliance (overall comparison P<0.001, each comparison P<0.017).In the treatment of 12mo, the total cure rate was 89.1% and the cure rate were significantly different between children with the moderate compliance and the children with good compliance (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Comprehensive treatment of children with amblyopia can achieve an ideal clinical efficacy.Compliance is an important factor influencing the treatment effect and the treatment process.The parents and children`s compliance training can shorten the course of treatment and improve the curative effect.

Objective To study the effect of inflammatory markers on the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers in granulosa cells of patients without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Fifty patients without PCOS treated with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) were selected in this study. The granulosa cells were extracted and cultured in vitro. Cells were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The 5 nmol/L interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αwere given to treatment group, and same amount of inflammatory diluted solution was added to control group. The levels of ROS and copy numbers of mtDNA were compared between two groups. Results The ROS levels and mtDNA copy number of granulosa cells were significantly higher in IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-αtreatment groups than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Inflammatory markers of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-αincrease the level of ROS and damage mtDNA in granulosa cells.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GA-FG).Methods:A total of 12 patients, including 7 cases treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), were diagnosed as having GA-FG in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2018 to August 2019. Morphological changes were analyzed by reviewing endoscopic and pathological results. Patients were followed up after definitive diagnosis.Results:The clinical symptoms of patients with GA-FG were nonspecific. No Helicobacter pylori infection was identified. The lesions were found in the non-atrophic gastric mucosa of the upper 1/3 portion in 10 cases and middle 1/3 portion in 2 cases. Endoscopically, the most common features were whitish color (9 cases), and all lesions diameter≤1 cm. Their macroscopic types were classified as 0-Ⅰ (2 cases), 0-Ⅱa (9 cases) and 0-Ⅱc (1 case) respectively. All lesions had sharp boundary, with branching dilated blood vessels on the surface. Five in 7 cases who were treated with ESD showed submucosal invasion. Immunohistochemically, 9 cases were classified as the chief cell type , 3 as the mixed type, 11 MUC6 positive, 4 MUC5AC positive, 2 MUC2 positive, and 3 CD10 positive. P53 was detected in all 12 cases, and 9 cases had low Ki-67 staining index (<10%). The mean time of follow-up was 11 months, and 11 patients survived. Conclusion:GA-FG should be taken into consideration when the polyps are found in the upper part of the stomach, with whitish color, and branch dilated blood vessels on the surface. Excellent clinical outcomes can be achieved for GA-FG patients with ESD.

The present study aims to investigate the lignan constituents from Sambucus williamsii and their proliferation effects on osteoblast-like UMR106 cells. Seven compounds were isolated and purified by macroporous resin D101, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40, ODS column chromatographies and Preparative HPLC(C-18). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as threo-guaiacylglycerol-beta-0-4'-conifery ether (1), lirioresinol A (2), 1-hydroxypinoresinol (3), 5-methoxybalanophonin (4), balanophonin (5), 5-methoxy-trans-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (6), and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7). Compounds 3-7 were obtained from this genus for the first time. The proliferation effects of all isolated compounds on osteoblast-like UMR106 cells were determined. Compounds 1-7 (1 x 10(-12)-1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1)) increased UMR106 cell proliferation to some extent.
Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Lignans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Sambucus ; chemistry

Objective:To methodologically establish the lentivirus granule packaging, concentration and infection against CD34~+ cells from umbilical blood. Methods:The lentivirus system of the 3~(rd) generation was used to produce the virus. Ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation were employed to concentrate virus. Several treatments were used to improve virus infection including in vitro amplification culture, facilitation of rest cells into cell cycle, promotion of cell adhesion and immobilization during infection, and repeat infection methods. Results:CD34~+ cells were not obviously changed by checking the expression level of CD34 marker on the cell surface after 48 h culture. After two-step concentration, virus titer was increased up to 5.06×10~7/ml, and the infection rate against CD34~+ cells from umbilical blood was increased up to 37.7%.Conclusion:Lentivirus supernatant with over 10~7/ml titer can be obtained using the above methods. Efficient infection against CD34~+ cells from umbilical blood can be achieved.