BACKGROUNDThis study aimed to observe the differences in brain gray matter volume in drug-naive female patients after the first episode of major depression with and without stressful life events (SLEs) before the onset of depression.

METHODSForty-three drug-naive female patients voluntarily participated in the present study after the first major depressive episode. The life event scale was used to evaluate the severity of the impact of SLEs during 6 months before the onset of the major depressive episode. High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained, and the VBM and SPM8 software process were used to process and analyze the MRI.

RESULTSCompared to that in patients without SLEs, the volume of brain gray matter was lower in the bilateral temporal lobe, right occipital lobe, and right limbic lobe in the SLE group. However, the gray matter volume did not differ significantly between the two groups after the application of false discovery rate (FDR) correction.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the results of the present study suggest the absence of significant differences in brain gray matter volume between female drug-naive patients after the first episode of major depression with and without SLEs after FDR correction, the study provides useful information for exploring the definitive role of stress in the onset of depression.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Depression ; physiopathology ; Female ; Gray Matter ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Software ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology ; Young Adult

objective To study the character of facial nerve palsy due to four difierent auris diseases including chronic otitis media,Hunt syndrome,tumor and physical or chemical factors,and to discuss the principles of the surgical management of otogenic facial nerve palsy.Methods The clinical charaeters of 24 patients with otogenic facial nerve palsy because of the four different auris diseases were retrospectively analyzed,all the cases were performed surgical management from October 1991 to March 2007.Facial nerve function Was evaluated with House-Brackmann(HB) grading system.Results The 24 patients including 10 males and 14 females were analysised,of whom 12 cases due to cholesteatoma,3 cases due to chronic otitis media,3 cases due to Hunt syndrome,2 cases resulted from acute otitis media,2 cases due to Dhysical or chemical factors and 2 cases due to tumor.All cases were treated with operations included facial nerve decompression,lesion resection with facial nerve decompression and lesion resection without facial nerve decompression,I patient'S facial nerve was resected because of the tumor.According to HB grade system,I degree recovery was attained in 4 cases,while Ⅱ degree in 10 cases,Ⅲ degree in 6 cases,Ⅳ degree in 2 cases,V degree in 2 cases and Ⅵ degree in 1 case.Conclusions Removing the lesions completely Was the basic factor to the surgery of otogenie facial palsy,moreover,it was important to have facial nerve decompression soon after lesion removal.

Objective To study the mechanism of the amelioration of renal injury in immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN)rats by multi-glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii(GTW)based on the sphingosine kinase 1(Sphk1)/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2)signalling pathway.Methods An IgAN rat model was established by means of bovine serum albumin gavage+castor oil and carbon tetrachloride subcutaneous injection+lipopolysaccharide tail vein injection.The rats were randomly divided into the model,control and experimental groups,with 9 rats in each group,and 10 normal rats were taken as the blank group.In the control group,6.25 mg·kg-1·d-1 prednisone was given by gavage;in the experimental group,9.375 mg·kg-1·d-1GTW was given by gavage;and in the blank and model groups,0.5 mL·100 g-1·d-1 0.9％NaCl was given by gavage,and the drugs were administered to the rats once a day in each group.At the end of the 15th week,urine samples were collected and blood albumin(ALB),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),24 hour-urine protein quantification(24 h-UTP),and urine erythrocyte counts were determined in each group,and the expression levels of Sphk1/S1PR2 proteins in each group were detected by Western blotting.Results The renal pathological changes in the control and experimental groups were significantly reduced compared with those in the model group by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence.The levels of ALB in the blank,model,control and experimental groups were(32.49±2.23),(22.98±0.51),(26.01±1.33)and(26.53±1.92)g·L-1;the levels of BUN were(6.11±1.71),(13.75±2.96),(6.71±1.35)and(4.77±0.99)mmol·L-1;the levels of 24 h-UTP were(5.72±1.96),(9.12±2.15),(5.78±2.05)and(4.75±1.50)mg·24 h-1;the urine erythrocyte counts were(9.73±2.40),(14.62±2.60),(9.90±1.59)and(9.46±2.94)cell·μL-1;the relative expression levels of Sphk1 protein were 0.85±0.02,1.47±0.02,1.06±0.02 and 1.09±0.02;the relative expression levels of S1PR2 protein were 0.27±0.02,0.88±0.01,0.43±0.02,and 0.42±0.02,respectively.The above indexes in the model group were statistically significant when compared with those of the control group and the experimental group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion GTW may reduce the proliferation of mesangial cells by inhibiting the Sphk1/S1PR2 signalling pathway,thus attenuating kidney injury in IgAN rats.

AIM:To explore the correlation and consistency of three tear assessment methods in the diagnosis of dry eye, which include the Schirmer Ⅰ test(SⅠt), tear meniscus height(TMH)measurement and a new generation of tear detection technology-Strip meniscometry tube(SMTube).METHODS: A diagnostic test study. A total of 183 dry eye outpatients(183 right eyes)in the Dry Eye Center of Henan Eye Hospital were enrolled from May to June 2021. The SⅠt, TMH and SMTube were performed on all patients, and the correlation and consistency of the measurement results were analyzed.RESULTS:The ocular surface disease index(OSDI)of all included patients was 43.75(31.25, 58.33), noninvasive breakup time(NIBUT)was 7.26(4.97, 9.37)s, and the results of SⅠt, TMH and SMTube were 6(2, 12)mm/5min, 0.18(0.14, 0.22)mm and 5(3,8)mm/5s, respectively; The results of correlation analysis: TMH was positively correlated with SMTube(rs=0.751, P<0.001), however, SⅠt had no correlation with TMH(rs=0.139, P=0.060)and SMTube(rs=0.019, P=0.799). The results of consistency analysis: TMH showed good consistency with SMTube(Kappa=0.794, P=0.044), however, SⅠt showed poor consistency with TMH(Kappa=0.271, P=0.074)and SMTube(Kappa=0.193, P=0.070)respectively.CONCLUSION:SMTube is a new, simple and convenient tool for evaluating tear volume. It has a good correlation and consistency with TMH measurement results. Therefore, it can replace TMH measurement, but cannot replace SⅠt in clinical application.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that is associated with severe congenital brain malformations in the fetus and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. However, there are currently no drugs or preventive vaccines approved for ZIKV infection. Here, ciclesonide has been found significantly against ZIKV activity by plaque and cytotoxicity assays in vitro, and its 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) to ZIKV SZ01 and MR766 are (0.40 ± 0.22) and (1.59 ± 1.08) μmol·L^-1, respectively. Its 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) to Vero cells are (64.70 ± 7.33) μmol·L^-1; Virus yield reduction and Western blot assays showed that ciclesonide can inhibit replication of ZIKV. In addition, ciclesonide can also inhibit the replication of ZIKV in A549 cells; the results of time of drug addition analysis indicated that ciclesonide mainly acts on the ZIKV RNA synthesis stage. Ciclesonide can also inhibit the internalization of ZIKV. These results indicated that ciclesonide is a potential drug against ZIKV.

OBJECTIVE: Sorafenib has been extensively used for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and Chinese herbal medicine has also been used to manage advanced HCC. The present work evaluates the effectiveness and safety of Jiedu (JD) Granule, a compound of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, side-by-side with sorafenib for the treatment of advance HCC. METHODS: Patients with advanced HCC receiving treatment with JD Granule or sorafenib were enrolled from December 2014 to March 2018. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to control for possible selection bias from the study group allocation process. RESULTS: Of the 325 patients included, 161 received JD Granule and 164 received sorafenib. No significant differences were found in OS or PFS among patients receiving JD Granule compared to sorafenib (P > 0.05). Median OS of the two study groups was 6.83 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.83-9.47) in the group receiving JD Granule and 8 months (95% CI: 6.67-9.80) in the group receiving sorafenib, with half-, 1- and 2-year survival rates of 53.6%, 31.2% and 13.2% vs 60.1%, 35.5% and 14.2%, respectively. Even after PSM, the median survival time did not differ between the JD Granule group (9.03 months; 95% CI: 6.37-14.2) and the sorafenib group (7.93 months; 95% CI: 6.5-9.97), with comparable half-, 1- and 2-year survival rates. The most common adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea (13.7%) and fatigue (5.6%) in the JD Granule group, and hand-foot skin reaction (46.3%) and diarrhea (36.6%) in the sorafenib group. The JD Granule was more cost-effective than sorafenib treatment for advanced HCC. CONCLUSION Compared to sorafenib, JD Granule was more cost-effective and caused fewer AEs for the treatment of Chinese patients with advanced HCC.

In this study, we used molecular docking technology and validation experiments in vitro to screen the active ingredients of Erzhi pill for treating osteoporosis. Firstly, the compound in Erzhi pill was docked with ten osteoporosis-related targets by molecular docking technology, and the five active compounds, salidroside, specnuezhenide, tyrosol, quercetin, and wedelolactone, were initially selected. Then, MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were cultured in α-Mem medium containing different concentrations of compounds, and the cell proliferation rate and mineralized nodules were tested. The verification results showed that the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells with salidroside, specnuezhenide and quercetin were more obvious, and salidroside has a better effect on the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells than those of specnuezhenide and tyrosol. The molecular docking technology coupled with validation experiment in vitro can be used for the screening of anti-osteoporotic active ingredients of Erzhi pill, and it can also provide a method for the study of effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.