Discoidin domain receptor 1(DDR1)is a kind of receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs),which is expressed abnormally in many tumors. It is involved in the development,invasion and metastasis process of tumors and may become a potential target of tumor therapy. This article reviewed the expression and significance of DDR1 in tumors of digestive system.

Objective The present study was conducted to study the oxidation damage effects of DBP on organs of mice and the molecular mechanisms of the effects. Methods The cells of the organs (liver,kidney,testis,lung) were exposed to different concentration of DBP (0?mol/L,5?mol/L,20?mol/L,80?mol/L) for one hour in vitro,and then the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of those cells of different organs were measured. Results With statistical significance,the SOD activities in liver,kidney,testis,lung cells were increased gradually with the increase of DBP concentrations. Conclusion The results suggested that DBP could induce the oxidative damage in liver,lung,kidney and testis cells of mice.

Objective To study some sensitive electrophysiological parameters in surveillance of allograft rejection.Methods Forty rats underwent heterotopic heart transplantations.IMEG was re- corded by an epicardiac unipolar pacing lead fixed at the right ventricular outflow tract.QRS amplitude and heart rate were determed daily in 10 syngeneic and 30 allogeneic transplants.Syngeneic transplants were killed at 7 th postoperative day,and allogeneic transplants killed at 3 rd,5 th and 7 th postopera- tive day.Histopathologie studies were performed at every transplanted heart.Results In syngeneic group,QRS amplitude kept constant after the transplantation while no significant differences were ob- served at the 3 rd,5 th and 7 th postoperative day.QRS amplitude was dropped obviously in allogeneic group after the first two postoperative days whereas significant differences were observed at the rejec- ting and non-rejecting hearts.Conclusions IMEG is a valid method to monitor acute allograft rejec- tion.QRS amplitude is a more sensitive electrophysiological parameter to diagnose severe rejections than heart rate,while mild rejections were not detected by this method.

AIM: To explore the efficacy of salbutamol combined with magnesium sulfate by nebulization in the treatment of paroxysmal asthma. METHODS: All of 75 asthma patients were divided into three groups of A, B, and C (n=25): A group treated with 3 ml of 7.5 % isoosmotic magnesium sulfate solution and 3 ml of physiology saline 5 minutes later; B group treated with 3 ml of 0.1 % salbutamol solution and 3 ml of Physiology saline 5 minutes later; C group treated with 3 ml of 0.1 % salbutamol solution and 3 ml of 7.5 % isoosmotic magnesium sulfate solution 5 min later. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the three groups were tested before and after the treatment 15 min respectively; systolic, diastolic, heart rates and respirations were tested between group A and group C as well. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in ratios (FVC%, FEV1%, PEF%) of actual indexes of lung function (FVC, FEV1, PEF) to the predicted indexes between before and after treatment in the three groups (P

Objective To evaluate the capabilities of disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility of screening ESBLs ( extended-spectrumβ-lactamase) in En-terobacteriaceae clinical isolates.Methods A total of 93 Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated from pa-tients with intra-abdominal infections in 21 hospitals during 2011 to 2012.The in vitro minimum inhibition concentration ( MIC ) values of ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, ertapenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were determined by disc diffu-sion, Vitek2-compact GN13 and broth microdilution methods, respectively.Categorical agreement ( CA ) rates of disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods were determined by using broth microdilution meth-od as the reference method.The genes encoding ESBLs were screened in Escherichia coli (E.coli), Kleb-siella pneumoniae (K.pneumonia), Klebsiella oxytoca (K.oxytoca) and Proteus mirabilis (P.mirabilis) strains by using PCR analysis and gene sequencing.Disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods were used for the phenotypic confirmatory test of ESBLs and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the two tests were evaluated.Results The CA values of disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods for the 10 antibiotics were all >90% as compared with broth microdilution method.The major error (ME) rate for ertapenem was 3.2%and the very major error (VME) rates for am- picillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime and cefepime tests were all 2.2% by using Vitek2-compact GN13 method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods in the phenotypic confirmatory test of ESBLs were 96.7%(29/30), 100%(20/20), 100%(30/30) and 95%(19/20), respectively.Conclusion Both disc diffusion and Vitek2-compact GN13 methods could be used for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility and the detection of ESBLs in Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates with the advantage of accuarcy.Attention should be paid to the posibil-lity of oaurance of ME and VME when testing ertapenem, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime and cefepime by using Vitek2-compact GN13 method.

The study is aimed to provide the theoretical basis for exploiting and utilization of salt-alkaline soil and cultivating Belamcanda chinensis. In this study, we exerted exogenous substances SNP, Spd to relieve the damage of the mixing salt-alkaline stress on B. chinensis seedling which is NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 four kinds of salt molar ratio of 9: 1: 9: 1, salt concentration of 100 mmol x L(-1). The result illustrated that high pH stress is a major factor caused the salt-alkaline stress, the interaction between time and the concentration of each, treatment was observed, what is more, there are synergies between the salt and alkali stress. The content of B. chinensis seedling leaves' membrane peroxidation index (MDA, O2-*) and metabolites (soluble protein, soluble sugars, organic acids) are showing an upward trend in varying degrees under 100 mmol x L(-1) salt-alkaline stress. It is effective to reduce the content of MDA and O2-*. and improve the levels of metabolites, in which the SNP (0.05 mmol x L(-1)) and Spd (0.5 mmol x L(-1)) to alleviate damage effects is the best. Therefore we can hold the conclusion that SNP and Spd can effectively mitigate the damage of B. chinensis seedling on salt-alkaline stress, improve the resistance ability of B. chinensis seedling which can provide the scientific basis for the utilization of salt-alkaline soil, and the cultivation of B. chinensis.
Alkalies ; metabolism ; Iridaceae ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Seedlings ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Sodium Chloride ; metabolism

Oxytocin ( OT ) is a cyclic neuropeptide containing nine amino acids residues, in addition to the traditional roles of uterine contraction and lactation, it also plays important roles in the central nervous system and other peripheral organs, such as improving schizophrenia, autism - related psychiatric and psy-chological symptoms. Oxytocin exhibits its physiological func-tions by binding to its receptor (oxytocin receptor,OTR). Cur-
rently researchers are manipulating OT system by developing new OTR ligand ( agonists and antagonists ) , hoping to prevent and treat OTR related diseases. This paper reviews the latest devel-opment of OTR agonists, antagonists and its physiological roles in central nerve system and peripheral organs.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 α(HIF-1 α) is not only related to physiological reaction of hypoxia,but also takes part in normal embryonic development.OBJECTIVE: To study the alteration of HIF- 1 α in retina during rat development.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: Randomized contrast animal study,which was performed in the Shandong Provincial Molecular Virus Key Laboratory,Medical College of Qingdao University between January and September 2007.MATERIALS: Adult Wistar rats,nulliparity,clean grade,and weighing 200 250 g were used in this study.METHODS: Male and female rats were caged as the ratio of 1 : 1.Embryos were obtained at 12-day,16-day,and 20-day pregnancy.Eyeballs were obtained from newborn rats by anesthesia at 1-day,5-day,10-day,and 12-month birth.Retina was separated and made into paraffin section.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of HIF 1 α protein and HIF-1 α mRNA in retina were measured by immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction at various dine points of embryonic development.RESULTS: HIF-1 α positively expressed at stratum neuroepitheliale retinae and purpurogenous membrane in the embryonic phase.Additionally,HIF-1 α still positively expressed at stratum neuroepitheliale retinae and purpurogenous membrane,especially in ganglionic cells and inner plexiform layer,in early development.With the gradual development,the positive expression was mainly located at stratum ganglionare retinae.HIF-1 α protein and mRNA expressions were the highest in the embryonic phase,lower in the development,and the lowest in the adult period.There were significantly differences among these three phases (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: HIF-1 α decreases gradually in retina and its expression is mainly located at stratum ganglionare retinae.

AIM: To investigate the effect of peripheral administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever and hyperalgesia in rats and its relationship with interleukine-1β (IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).METHODS: The core temperature (Tc), brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature and activity were measured by telemetry in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats at an ambient temperature of 23 ℃ during a 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod (lights on at 06:00 and lights off at 18:00).The rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (50 μg/kg), AVP (10 μg/kg) or V1a vasopressin receptor antagonist (V1a antagonist, 30 μg/kg) at 10:00 or 11:30.Hyperalgesia was assessed by measuring the latency to withdraw a hindpaw from radiant heat (Hargreaves test).The concentrations of IL-1β and PGE2 in the serum were tested by ELISA.RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of LPS induced periods of biphasic fever accompanied by hyperalgesia.AVP reversed LPS-induced fever, and decreased the hyperalgesia and BAT thermogenesis.Peripheral administration of V1a antagonist enhanced the fever produced by LPS, but did not affect the hyperalgesia.AVP significantly attenuated LPS-induced IL-1β and PGE2 production.CONCLUSION: Peripheral administration of AVP reverses LPS-induced fever and decreases hyperalgesia by reduction of BAT thermogenesis and inhibition of IL-1β and PGE2.Endogenous AVP attenuates the fever induced by LPS, but does not affect the nociceptive thresholds.

Aim To investigate the myocardial hypertrophy,the expression of transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1),Smad3 and Smad7 proteins in spontaneous hypertensive rats(SHR)and the effects of benazepril and candesartan.Methods SHRs of 12 weeks old were given benazepril and candesartan for 12 weeks.The tail arterial pressure was measured every two weeks.At 12 th weekend,cardiac configuration,heart mass index,area of cadiocytes,concertrations of AngⅡin plasma and myocardium,expressions of TGF-?1、Smad3 and Smad7 proteins were measured respectively.Results The arterial pressure,wall thickness,heart mass index,area of cardiocytes and the expressions of TGF-?1,Smad3 proteins increased in SHRs but were attenuated after the treatment of benazepril or candesartan.After the combined treatment,the synergistic effect could be observed.The levels of cardiac tissue and plasma AngⅡwere reduced.The expressions of Smad 7 were up-regulated after the treatment of benazepril or candesartan,while they were stable after the combined use.Conclusion There is a synergistic effect of attenuating myocardial hypertrophy in SHRs by combined use of benazepril and candesartan.It may be related to the regulation of Ang Ⅱ,decreasing the expressions of TGF-?1 and Smad3.