Objective To explore pathogenic composition of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD),and the molecular typing of enterovirus in Tianjin Children′s Hospital in 2016.Methods Single center study.A total of 327 samples of HFMD cases which collected from Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March to November in 2016 were tested for nucleotide acid of enterovirus(EV),human enterovirus 71(EV71),Coxsackievirus A 16(CA16)by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),among which 104 sample of other EV positive were selected to amplify and sequence the whole VP1 region by using RT-PCR.Homology was analyzed and phylogenetic tree were constructed by comparison of the sequence with all subgenotype of EV by Chromas1.62 and MEGA6.06.EV positive rate in different age groups were compared by SPSS20.0.Results Of all the 327 HFMD cases tested,there were 272 EV positive cases,the constituent ratio of EV71,CA16 and other EV were 55.1％(150/272),6.6％(18/272)and 38.2％(104/272)respectively.The EV positive rates of different age groups(69.0％-90.9％)were different significantly(x2=15.897,P=0.044),the 3 years-old-group had the highest EV positive rate than that of the other age groups(90.9％,40/44).Of all 104 samples of other EV tested,34 were CA10(12.5％)and 14 were CA6(5.1％).Phylogenetic analysis of 11 EV71 VP1 and 20 CA10 VP1 showed that the EV71 and CA10 strains belonged to genotype C4a and genotype G,respectively.ConclusionsEV71 was still the predominant pathogen in spite of the constituent ratio of other EVs increased markedly in 2016 in Tianjin.It is important to enhance etiological monitoring for control and prevention of HFMD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Cordyceps Sinensis (CS) and Tripterygium wilfordii Polyglycosidium (TWP) on the podocytes in rats with diabetes nephropathy (DN).

METHODSRat models of DN were established and rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (Group A), the DN group (Group B), the CS group (Group C), the TWP group (Group D), and the CS combined TWP group (Group E). The changes of 24-h urinary protein count (24-h pro), blood glucose (Glu), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), white blood cell (WBC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW) were determined 12 weeks later. The renal pathological changes were evaluated by HE staining. The microstructural changes of podocytes were observed by transmission electron microscope. The expressions of nephrin and podocin were detected by immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTSCompared with Group A, the levels of SCr and BUN were higher (P < 0.05), Glu, KW/BW, and 24 h pro were obviously higher in Group B (P < 0.01). There were less glomerular disorder, chronic tubulointerstitial damage and glomerular podocyte lesion in Group B. The expressions of the massive cortical nephrin and podocin protein were obviously less in Group B. Compared with Group B, the KW/BW and 24 h pro in Group C, D, and E were lower (P < 0.01). The pathomorphological improvement was exhibited in the glomerulus, tubules, and podocytes. The protein expressions of nephrin and podocin were higher in the renal cortex. Compared with Group C, the KW/BW and 24-h pro decreased in Group D and E, the expressions of nephrin and podocin were enhanced, and the lesions of the glomerulus, tubules, and podocytes were alleviated, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01). The most significant changes happened in Group E.

CONCLUSIONSCS and TWP could alleviate the DN proteinuria, protect and repair podocytes of DN rats. Its mechanisms might be correlated with up-regulating the expressions of nephrin and podocin. The combined use of CS and TWP could increase the efficacy and attenuate adverse reactions of TWP.

Animals ; Cordyceps ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; pathology ; Male ; Podocytes ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tripterygium

To interpret the flash evoked potential (FVEP) as dynamic high-order responses to natural and experimental stimulation in healthy preterm infants, waveform analysis of FVEP in 36 healthy preterm infants (postconceptional age 28~42 weeks) were performed using an autoregressive analysis. Based on the histogram of damping frequency of different component impulse response waveforms, the waveforms were divided into 4 groups: group I (0 ~ <2 Hz), group II (2 ~ <6.5 Hz), group III (6.5 ~ <12.0 Hz) and group IV (12~25 Hz). The total power, power of component impulse responses (group I~IV), and damping time (group II~IV) changed significantly with increasing postconceptional age (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Identification of an impulse response component with dominant frequency which undergoes a well-identified change with age is considered to be a useful tool for discriminating between normal and abnormal changes in the FVEP with age in healthy preterm infants.
Evoked Potentials, Visual ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; physiology ; Male ; Reaction Time ; Sleep ; physiology

ZM-1 tissue microarrayer designed by our group is manufactured in stainless steel and brass. It features an easier and faster preparation for tissue microarrays. By means of it, a group of biopsy needles are used to punch the donor tissue specimens respectively, and all the needles with the punched specimen cylinders are arranged into the array-board, where small holes have been digged to fit the needles. All the specimen cylinders arraying and the tissue microarray block's shaping are finished simultaneously. ZM-1 tissue microarrayer with a lower cost of manufacture, is capable of preparing the tissue microarrays conveniently, efficiently and quality-controllably.
Equipment Design ; Tissue Array Analysis ; instrumentation

The ZM-1 tissue microarrayer designed by our groups is manufactured in stainless steel and brass and contains many features that make TMA (tissue microarray) paraffin blocks construction faster and more convenient. By means of ZM-1 tissue microarrayer, biopsy needles are used to punch the donor tissue specimens respectively. All the needles with the punched specimen cylinders are arrayed into the array-board, with an array of small holes dug to fit the needles. All the specimen cylinders arraying and the TMA paraffin block shaping are finished in only one step so that the specimen cylinders and the paraffin of the TMA block can very easily be incorporated and the recipient paraffin blocks need not be made in advance, and the paraffin used is the same as that for conventional pathology purpose. ZM-1 tissue microarrayer is easy to be manufactured, does not need any precision location system, and so is much cheaper than the currently used instrument. Our method's relatively cheap and simple ZM-1 tissue microarrayer technique of constructing TMA paraffin block may facilitate popularization of the TMA technology.
Biopsy, Needle ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neoplasms ; enzymology ; Paraffin ; Tissue Array Analysis ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVETo screen the optimum formulation and prepare O/W sinomenine microemulsion and investigate its in vitro transdermal delivery ability.

METHODThe microemulsions were prepared with the formulation containing oleic acid-tween 80-dehydrated alcohol-water by the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The permeation flux of sinomenine was determined in vitro by Franz diffusion cell fitted with rat skin. The sinomenine was determined by HPLC. The transdermal characteristics of sinomenine microemulsion were compared with that of sinomenine gels.

RESULTThe steady state flux of sinomenine microemulsion was significantly higher than that of sinomenine gels. The average permeation rate of sinomenine microemulsion was 116. 44 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1) in vitro.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that the studied microemulsion system with high permeation rate may be a potential vehicle for the transdermal delivery of sinomenine.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Emulsions ; Ethanol ; chemistry ; Male ; Morphinans ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Oleic Acid ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysorbates ; chemistry ; Rats ; Sinomenium ; chemistry ; Skin ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry

The ZM-1 tissue microarrayer designed by our groups is manufactured in stainless steel and brass and contains many features that make TMA (tissue microarray) paraffin blocks construction faster and more convenient. By means of ZM-1 tissue microarrayer, biopsy needles are used to punch the donor tissue specimens respectively. All the needles with the punched specimen cylinders are arrayed into the array-board, with an array of small holes dug to fit the needles. All the specimen cylinders arraying and the TMA paraffin block shaping are finished in only one step so that the specimen cylinders and the paraffin of the TMA block can very easily be incorporated and the recipient paraffin blocks need not be made in advance, and the paraffin used is the same as that for conventional pathology purpose. ZM-1 tissue microarrayer is easy to be manufactured, does not need any precision location system, and so is much cheaper than the currently used instrument. Our method's relatively cheap and simple ZM- 1 tissue microarrayer technique of constructing TMA paraffin block may facilitate popularization of the TMA technology.

Objective:To evaluate the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl for awake tracheal intubation.Methods:This study was conducted on a total of 60 elderly inpatients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery, who were randomly divided into two groups.The patients in the experimental group were given dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg, and the control group was given fentanyl 1 μg/kg.Prior to tracheal intubation, local anesthesia was applied to the trachea mucosa and larynx.The intubation condition was evaluated by the cough severity score and the post-intubation tolerance score.Incidence of hemodynamic changes, Ramsay sedation score, respiratory rate and hypoxic episodes (SpO2<90 %) were recorded and compared between two groups.At 24-hour follow-up, adverse events such as hoarseness and sore throat were also assessed.Results:Compared with the control group, the cough severity score of the experimental group decreased significantly, the Ramsay sedation score increased significantly, the mean arterial pressure decreased significantly, and the number of hypoxic episodes (O2 saturation <90%) decreased significantly (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse events (hoarseness and sore throat) between the two groups.Conclusions:Compared with fentanyl, dexmedetomidine can provide adequate sedation for elderly patients with hemodynamic stability during awake tracheal intubation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the value of urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the screening of children at risk of inherited metabolic diseases (IMD), and to identify the disease spectrum of IMD and the clinical characteristics of children with IMD.

METHODSThe clinical data of 15 851 children at risk of IMD who underwent urine GC-MS in the Tianjin Children's Hospital between February 2012 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSIn the 15 851 children, 5 793 (36.55%) were detected to have metabolic disorders. A total of 117 (0.74%) children were confirmed to have IMD, including 77 cases of methylmalonic acidemia (65.8%). The clinical manifestations of confirmed cases in the neonatal period mainly included jaundice, metabolic acidosis, abnormal muscular tension, feeding difficulty, poor response, and lethargy or coma. The clinical manifestations of confirmed cases in the non-neonatal period mainly included delayed mental and motor development, metabolic acidosis, convulsion, recurrent vomiting, and anemia.

CONCLUSIONSGC-MS is an effective method for the screening for IMD in children at risk. Methylmalonic acidemia is the most common IMD. The clinical manifestations of IMD are different between the confirmed cases in the neonatal and non-neonatal periods.

Acidosis ; etiology ; Adolescent ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; complications ; diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developmental Disabilities ; etiology ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; complications ; diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk