Objective To probe the effect of transareolar or mastoscopy assisted breast-conserving surgery combined with open axillary lymph node dissection in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods Nineteen patients, with breast cancer of a diameter cm from the nipple, were treated by transareolar or mastoscopy assisted breast-conserving surgery from August 2001 to November 2003.After the lipolysis and suction of axillary fat,open axillary lymph node dissection was performed. Results Intraoperative frozen pathological examination had showed positive margin in 1 case, in which an enlarged excision was required to obtain a negative result. Postoperative subcutaneous edema underlying the operated site occurred in 2 cases and was cured by needle aspiration and pressure dressing. Excellent cosmetic outcomes were obtained with symmetrical breast development and all the patients were satisfied with the treatment. Postoperative follow-up for 2～19 months (mean, 10.6 months) found no recurrence in the breast or the axillary fossa. Conclusions Breast-conserving surgery can be expediently carried out by means of transareolar incision or with the help of mastoscopy. The combination with open axillary lymph node dissection may give favorable effect.

Objective To explore the clinical therapeutic effects in arterial interventional therapy in early osteosarcoma patients.Methods Thirty-eight early osteosarcoma patients received arterial chemoembolization therapies and performed operations.94.7% patients received limb salvage surgeries.Levels of alkaline phosphatase were tested in preoperative and postoperative phases.Results Levels of postoperativealkaline phosphatase[average(191.7±107.0)U/L]were significantly decreased compared with that before interventional therapy[average(1129.1±572.3)U/J.The survival rate in follow-up at 1,3 and 5 years Was97%,79%,50% respectively.The rate of recurrence and metastasis WAg 24%.Conclusions Arterialchemoembolization therapies in patients with early osteosarcoma could improve clinical symptoms effectively,enhance survival rate,relieve recurrence and metastasis,remain affected extremity.The clinical thempeutic effects of iodinated oil were the best among the three embolism materials.

Objective To evaluate the value of interstitial magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) to identify the sentinel lymph node (SLN) of breast cancer.Methods Totally 58 patients with invasive breast cancer were consecutive collected.15 mL of Gd-DTPA and 2 mL of mepivacain hydrochloride 2% were mixed and 0.5 mL of them was injected into the outside of the subareolar breast tissue.MRI was performed with Siemens 3.0 T Magnetom Trio MRI instrument using volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination sequence.Axillary lymph flow was tracked on maximum intensity projection (MIP) and sentinel lymph nodes were identified by interstitial MRL as M-SLN.All M-SLN were marked by a method of surface capsule localization.During surgery, methylene blue was used as tracer and SLNs stained by it were detected and excised by following the blue lymphatic vessels,these were designated as D-SLN.The numbers of SLNs detected by interstitial MRL and stained by methylene blue during operation were compared by paired samples rank-sum test and the correlation was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation test.Assessing the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of interstitial MRL for diagnosing M-SLN.Results A total of 75 M-SLNs (average 1.60 ± 0.52) were identified by interstitial MRL.During operation, all M-SLNs were easily resected under the guidance of skin marker.91 D-SLNs (average 1.94±0.63) were stained by methylene blue, which was significant more than those of the M-SLNs.There was a strong correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 0.69,P<0.001) between the SLNs identified by these two methods.Interstitial MRL in diagnosing D-SLN metastasis of breast cancer had a sensitivity of 95.8%,specificity of 88.9%,and accuracy of 93.3%.Conclusion Interstitial MRL can accurately identify the axillary sentinel lymph node and guide the biopsy.It may have great clinical value in the future.

This article was aimed to study constructive standards for the database of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) documentation. Refer to relevant national standards, specifications and other fields of universal standards such as metadata specification of health information dataset, medical science data sharing, metadata standard, data of pop-ulation health sciences shared metadata standard, basic scientific data sharing network project standard, Chinese A-cademy of Sciences data application environment construction and service standards, combined with the specification for TCM literature resources, Chinese medicine literature database was constructed. The results showed that 6 major categories and 17 specifications were established to standardize the construction of TCM literature database. It was concluded that the standardization of TCM literature database was able to realize TCM literature database construc-tion standard and process, and to facilitate the sharing of TCM data resources.

Animals ; Cardiomegaly ; Constriction ; Heart ; Mice

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Ganoderma lipsiense extract (GLE) on the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231-HM in a mouse model.

METHODSThe mouse model of TNBC was established by subcutaneous injection of 1.5 x 10(6) of MDA-MB-231-HM cells into BALB/c-nu mouse. Twenty successfully modeled mice were divided into the GLE group and the negative control group according to random digit table, 10 in each group. GLE (0.2 mL 100 mg/mL) was peritoneally injected to mice in the GLE group, while equal dose of normal saline was peritoneally injected to mice in the negative control group. The medication was administered once per 3 days and discontinued after 45 days. The CD34 expression was detected using immunohistochemical assay for counting microvessels. Meanwhile, expressions of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) and cyclin D1 were detected using immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSThe average weight was obviously lower in the GLE group than in the negative control group [(0.33 ± 0.16) g vs (0.68 ± 0.37)g, P < 0.05]. The tumor inhibition rate was 51.4% in the GLE group. The volume of transplanted tumor was obviously lesser in the GLE group than in the negative control group (P < 0.05). Results of immunohistochemical staining showed, the microvessel density (MVD) under every field was (20.7 ± 2.1), TSP-1 positive cell count was (66.2 ± 9.2), cyclin D1 positive cell count was (33.8 ± 16.4) in the GLE group, and they were 34.0 ± 2.0, 24.0 ± 6.6, and 168.2 ± 32.6, respectively in the negative control group. There was statistical difference in all indices between the two groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGLE could inhibit malignant proliferation of tumor cells by suppressing angiogenesis of blood vessels in tumor tissues and regulating cell cycles, thereby inhibiting TNBC.

Animals ; Biological Products ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ganoderma ; chemistry ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; prevention & control ; Random Allocation ; Thrombospondin 1 ; metabolism ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo observe mainfestations of syndrome and biochemical indices of hypertensive model rats with excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness syndrome (EAPDS), and to explore its possible pathological mechanism.

METHODSEAPDS rat model was prepared in 50 Wistar rats by feeding with high fat forage. Meanwhile, a normal control group consisting of 10 Wistar rats was set up by feeding with normal forage. After 25-week continuous feeding, 22 rats with body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) exceeding 25% those of the control group were selected as a model group. BW, BP, blood lipids, and related serological indicators were detected in all rats. Morphological changes of target organs were observed. mRNA expression levels of leptin receptor (LepR), Janus kinase2 (Jak2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (Socs3), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (P13K), serine threonine kinase (Akt), nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κBp65), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α (IKKα), NF-kappa-B inhibitor β (lKKβ), NF-kappa-B inhibitor α (IKBα), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Expression levels of AT1 and LepR in aorta were detected by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, BW, BP, and blood lipids increased; serum levels of leptin (Lep) , Ang II, Hcy, ET-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and p2-MG increased, but NO decreased in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Aortal endothelial injury and smooth muscle cell proliferation occurred in the model group, accompanied with heart and renal injury. Compared with the control group, mRNA expression levels of LepR, Jak2, Stat3, Socs3, AT1 , PI3K, Akt, NF-κB p65, IKKβ, IKBα, and AMPK in aorta were up-regulated significantly (P < 0.05), while the expression of IKKa decreased (P < 0.05). Immunohistochem- ical staining showed, brownish yellow deposit of AT1 and LepR was obviously increased, with more extensively positive distribution. Western blot results showed, as compared with the control group, protein expression levels of AT1 and LepR obviously increased in the model group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSModel rats exhibited typical syndromes of EAPDS. They put up weight with fat abdomen, gloomy hair, poor appetite, hypersomnia, lowered activities , reduced food intake, loose stool, dark red tongue, white tongue with white, thick, greasy fur. Lep could be taken as one of objective indicators for evaluating hypertension rat model with EAPDS.

Animals ; Aorta ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; I-kappa B Proteins ; Interleukin-6 ; Leptin ; blood ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Various teaching methods were used in occupational health and occupational medicine teaching,including problem based learning,multimedia teaching,bilingual teaching,case based learning and practice teaching methods when being confronted with new situation of occupational health and occupational safety.These methods are mean to encourage students' enthusiasm,cultivate students' comprehensive ability and enhance their sense of social responsibility and mission.Results showed that these methods improved the quality of teaching and achieved good teaching results.

Objective To evaluate the relationship of left atrial (LA) size and phasic function in hypertension (HT).Methods Data of 589 HT patients in an urban community of Beijing was analyzed.LA global longitudinal strain in late diastole (Sa),early diastole (Se),and total strain (Stot =Sa + Se),strain rate in late diastole (SRa),systole (SRs),and early diastole (SRe) were measured using off-line speckletracking echocardiography analyzing software,and were compared among groups (normal,mild,moderate and severe enlargement) divided by LA volume index.Results LA reservoir parameters[Stot:(21.4 ± 5.8)％,(20.8±5.4)％,(19.7±4.5％),(17.8±7.4)％,P =0.012;SRs:(1.1±0.3)s-1,(1.0±0.3)s-1,(1.0 ±0.2)s-1,(0.9 ±0.3)s-1,P =0.001] and contraction parameters[Sa:(11.7±4.0)％,(11.1 ± 3.3)％,(9.9±2.6)％,(8.9±4.5)％,P＜0.001;SRa:(1.6±0.6)s-1,(1.4±0.4)s 1,(1.3±0.4)s-1,(1.1 ± 0.6)s 1,P ＜ 0.001] deteriorated from normal to severe enlarged LA groups,while conduit parameters (Se and SRe) had no difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusions LA enlargement in HT associated with deteriorated reservoir and contraction function and unaffected conduit function.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between anthropometric indices and arteriosclerosis detection indicators in the middle-aged and the elderly .Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was made of 1 626 individuals ( diabetics patients 23.37%, hypertensive subjects 39.48% and healthy individuals 37.15%), aged 45 to 90 years [mean age:(61.60 ±10.22) years)] in Shijingshan Dis-trict, Beijing.Their measurements:body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist to height ratio ( WHtR ) .Arterial stiffness was assessed according to brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), intima-media thickness (IMT), augmentation index (AI) and ankle-brachial index (ABI), which were measured by noninvasive detectors and equipment .The correlations between the various indi-cators were analyzed .Results:The percentages of the hypertensive and diabetic groups of central obesity ( male WC>85 cm, female WC >80 cm or WHtR>0.5 ) and of general obesity ( BMI>28 kg/m2 ) were significantly higher than those of the healthy group ( P<0 .01 ) .The difference between the two disease groups was not significant ( P>0 .05 ) .There was a moderate positive correlation between the measures of abdominal obesity (WHtR and WC) and the general obesity indicators (BMI) (r=0.710 and 0.716) .In the healthy group , WC and WHtR showed positive correlation with baPWV , IMT and ABI, and negative correlation with AI 75 .BMI showed positive correlation with IMT and negative correla-tion with AI75 , and no correlation with baPWV and ABI .There was negative correlation between BMI and baPWV in the diabetic group .In the hypertension group , we found negative correlation between BMI and baPWV, maximum IMT, AI75 , and also between WC and AI 75 .The simple regression straight line of baPWV versus the anthropometric parameters showed that the regression equations were y =0 .949 +1.379 x (baPWV vs.WHtR, R2 =0.046, P<0.001) and y=1.133+0.006x (baPWV vs.WC, R2 =0.027, P<0.001), respectively.baPWV and BMI did not have a linear relationship (P =0.62). Conclusion:WHtR and WC are superior to BMI indices in predicting arteriosclerosis .Anthropometric measurements for central obesity are good predictors of cardiovascular risk .