A canthopanax Senticosus , a vulnerable species, was one of the major government-protected plants. This paper deals with the major reason for wildlife resources from biological standpoints, which are sexual propagation with less capability , vegetative propagation being damaged due to leaves , roots and rhizomes being gathered un-reasonable. Raising wildlife resources, semi-wild extensive management, and reasonable gatheration will be an important means for protection of wildlife resources in light of local conditions.

Background Recently researches indicated that estrogen plays important role in maintaining the normal metabolism of lens. Objective This study was to investigate the changes of estrogen receptor( ER ) α and β expressions in lens upon estrogen level in castrated female rat. Methods Sixty clean adult female Wistar rats were randomized into castrated group,sham operation group,ovariectomy group,ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol eyedropping group,ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol eyedropping group,ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol injecting group and ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol injecting group,and 10 rats for each.The castrated animal models were established by ovariectomy for 5 months.Then 50％,100％ oestradiol benzoate eyedrops were used 4 times per day respectively and 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg oestradiol benzoate were intramuscularly injected at two-day interval for 6 weeks in corresponding experimental group.Serum estradiol concentration was detected in the rats of various groups at 5 months after ovariectomy and 6 weeks after administration of estradiol benzoate.The animals were sacrificed using the excessive anesthesia method and the lenses were obtained for the assay of ERα and ERβ expressions.The use of the animals complied with the Statement of ARVO. Results No obvious opacification of lenses and the changes of structure and morphology in lens were seen in the rats of various groups under the slit lamp microscope and light microscope during the observing duration after ovariectomy.The significant differences were found in serum estradiol concentrations among the 6 groups ( F=15490.527,P=0.000) or between before and after usage of estradiol benzoate( F=943.236,P =0.001 ).Six weeks after usage of estradiol benzoate,the expressions of ERα and ERβ in the lenses were lower in the castrated group,ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol eyedropping group and ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol injecting group compared with the the sham operative group (P＜0.05),but those in the ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol eyedropping group and ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol injecting group were elevated in comparison with above groups( P＜0.05 ),and expressions of ERα and ERβ in the lenses were similar to the sham operative group ( ERα:28.04±6.80 vs.31.30±7.11 ;ERβ:27.75±7.13 vs.25.38±5.59).Mean A values of ERα and ERβ in the lenses were lower in the castrated group,ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol eyedropping group and ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol injecting group compared with the sham operative group (P＜0.05),but those in the ovariectomy with low-dose estradiol eyedropping group and ovariectomy with high-dose estradiol injecting group were elevated in comparison with above groups ( P＜0.05 ),and mean 4 values of ERα and ERβ in the lenses were similar to the sham operative group (ERα:0.1833 ±0.0087 vs.0.1859 ±0.0067; ERβ:0.1689±0.0059 vs.0.1686±0.0095). Conclusions The expressions of ERα and ERβ in the LECs are associated with the level of serum estradiol.The effects of estrogen on lens were different by different medication way.Low-dose estradiol eyedropping was a more feasible approach to the prevention of cataract.

OBJECTIVETo investigate and clarify the key surgical techniques and evaluate clinical effectiveness of modular cementless femoral stems(LINK MP modular stem) in complex revision hip arthroplasty.

METHODSFrom January 2002 to December 2013, 470 patients in Chinese PLA General Hospital received revision hip arthroplasties using MP stems. Among them, 246 patients were followed for an average of 5.7 years (ranged, 0.5 to 11 years). There were 148 males and 98 females, with an average age of 62.5 years old (ranged from 26 to 83 years old). The most common reason for revision was aseptic loosening of femoral stems (107 cases, 43.5%), followed by prosthetic joint infection (104 cases, 42.3%). Other reasons included unexplained hip or thigh pain, periprosthetic femoral fracture, prosthesis wear and dislocation. According to Paprosky classification of femoral deficiency, there were 171 cases of type IIIA (69.5%), 14 cases of type I, 39 cases of type II, and 22 cases of type IIIB. The average preoperative Harris hip score (HHS) was 37.4 ± 7.5. In addition, radiographic presentation, degree of patients' subjective satisfaction, and clinical effectiveness were assessed as well.

RESULTSThe average Harris score was im- proved to 87.8 ± 4.2 after operation,with significant statistical difference when compared to preoperative score (t = 92.13,P = 0.00). Analysis of patients' subjective satisfaction for leg length discrepancy, stability and overall degree of satisfaction showed that the number of patients with great satisfaction were 27, 60, 61 respectively. The most common complication was the periprosthetic fracture (intraoperatively 21 cases and postoperatively 8 cases). Other complications included infection (7 cases), dislocation (5 cases), numbness possibly caused by incomplete sciatic nerve injury (6 cases) and thigh swelling (3 cases). The X-ray taken at the final follow-up revealed that prosthesis subsidence occurred in 4 cases, 2 of which needed a second revision.

CONCLUSIONThe application of modular cementless femoral stems (LINK MP modular stem) in complex revision hip arthroplasty (especially in cases with the serious defect of proximal femoral bone) shows good results at both the short-term and long-term follow-up, especially in the revision for prosthetic infection with the high success rate. In order to avoid complications and improve clinical outcomes,the surgeons should carefully select proper surgery candidates,perform the procedure with care, and master the key surgical techniques.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on necroptosis during liver injury in septic rats.Methods Eighteen SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-220 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group SH),sepsis group (group SEP) and dexmedetomidine group (group DEX).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats in SEP and DEX groups.Dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg was injected via the caudal vein at 1 h before operation in group DEX.Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein at 6 h after operation for determination of serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed and livers were removed for determination of the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver tissues (using chemiluminescence assay) and expression of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1),RIP3,mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL),high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drpl) in liver tissues (by Western blot).Results Compared with group SH,the serum AST and ALT concentrations were significantly increased,the expression of RIP1,RIP3,MLKL,HMGB1 and Drpl in liver tissues was up-regulated,and the level of ROS in liver tissues was increased in SEP and DEX groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group SEP,the serum AST and ALT concentrations were significantly decreased,the expression of RIP1,RIP3,MLKL,HMGB1 and Drp1 in liver tissues was down-regulated,and the level of ROS in liver tissues was decreased in group DEX (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine attenuates liver injury may be related to inhibition of necroptosis in septic rats.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium. Methods The MICs of six fluoroquinolones(norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,levofloxacin,gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin) against 35 clinical isolates of E.faecium from eight hospitals in Tianjin were determined by agar dilution method in the absence or presence of multidrug resistance efflux pump inhibitor reserpine.The quinolone-resistance determining region(QRDR)of parC and gyrA were amplified and sequenced.Results No less than twofold decrease in MIC values of the six fluoroquinolones in the presence of reserpine was observed in 35,29,1,0,6 and 2 of the 35 strains of E.faecium respectively.One fluoro- quinolone-susceptible isolate and five fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were selected randomly to analyze the QRDR of parC and gyrA.All five fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates had single amino acid alteration in both GyrA and ParC.Ser-80 in ParC was substituted by lie(4 isolates)or Arg(1 isolates).Glu-87 in GyrA was replaced by Lys(2 isolates)or Gly(2 isolates). The other one had an Ser-83-to-Ile substitution.The one fluoroquinolone-suseeptible isolate had no alteration in the QRDR of either ParC or GyrA.Conclusions Both target alteration and active efflux are responsible for the resistance to fluoroquinolone in clinical isolates of E.faecium.

Objective:To study the expression of coxsackievirus group B3 gene fragment encoding VP1 in procaryon and to explore its application.Methods:Stablie expression of VP1 gene of CVB3 in E.coli was obtained.The expressed protein was purified by NAT chromatography and its immunoactivity was identified by indirect ELISA.Results:The expressed product of VP1,similar to native protein antigen of CVB3,could strong bind with the mouse's antibody serum against CVB3(polyclonal antibody).Irrelevant monoclonal antibody as contrast presents negative activity. Using the expressed VP1 product,we have had a special IgM ELISA for the patient's serum of the clinical acute viral myocarditis.The result was same with the cellular protein antigens of the tissue-cultivated CVB3.Conclusion:The protein antigen CVB3-VP1 which is obtained by the method of gene engineering has character of high product, and its immunoactivity after being purified was basically unchanged. At present, this kind of antigen is difficult to be obtained from the viral cullture medium and a potent hazard for being infected by this virus may take place in such manipulateion. By the method of gene engineering we can obtain antigenic VP1 of CVB3 and use as immuneogen for the detection of serum antibody,by which to provide reliable test reference for the early-stage diagnosis and clinical therapy of the acute myocarditis.

Objective To explore the effect of spinal 360°circumferential resection decompression combined with bone cement fill-separation and pedicle screw fixation instrumentationb for patients suffering from spinal metastases.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 42 patients suffering from spinal metastases and underwent spinal 360°circumferential resection decompression combine with bone cement fill-separation and pedicle screw fixation instrumentation in our hospital from April 2012 to October 2016.The pain level were assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS),the functional impairment was classified by Karnofsky score(KPS) and the neurologic deficit was evaluated by Frankel grade before preoperation,1 week after operation and 3 months after operation.Results Through the following-up of 3 months,there was no neural symptoms relapse in primary segment.The VAS score was (0.57 ±0.79) points,and the KPS was (72.61 ± 19.12) points 3 months after operation,which were significantly improved compared with the data before operation (P ＜ 0.05).The VAS score improvement rate was (91.09％ ±13.73％),and the Frankel grade improvement rate was 80％.Conclusion Circumferential resection decompression combined with bone cement fill-separation and pedicle screw fixation instrumentationb for patients suffering from spinal metastases can effectively improve the neural symptoms and life-quality of patients and prevent neural symptoms relapsing in primary segment after operation.

Objective To explore the application of 3D printing technology in surgical approach choice for cervical vertebra dumbbell tumor.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 17 patients with cervical vertebra dumbbell tumor who were admitted into our hospital from August 2012 and February 2017 and recieved 3D model printing.Three director surgeons chosen surgical approach for each pa-tient with or without 3D printing models.The surgical approach,combined with 3D printing and chosen by most surgeons,was selected as final surgical approach for patients.All the patients were evaluated by JOA score and Frankel grade before and after operation.Results The tumor of patients who selected surgical approach with 3D printing was completely resected.Without 3D printing models in preoperation,3 surgeons selected the same surgical approach for 8 patients,2 surgeons selected the same surgical approach for 9 patients.Compared with those who se-lected surgical approach with 3D printing models in preoperation,the 3 surgeons changed surgical approach in a total of 13 times.The surgical approach of 5 patients were changed,including 2 cases changed from posterior approach to lateral approach,2 cases changed from lateral ap-proach to posterior approach,and 1 case changed from lateral approach to anterior approach.Eventually,11 cases underwent posterior ap-proach,1 case underwent anterior approach,3 cases underwent lateral approach and 2 cases underwent far lateral approach.Conclusion Ap-plied of 3D printing in treatment of cervical vertebra dumbbell tumor can rebuild and print local anatomy by digitizing method.It can excel-lently show the tumor form,relationship of tumor and vertebrae,tumor and foramen intervertebrale,tumor and vessel.3D printing technology could help surgeon precisely and directly understand the operation area and select advanced surgical approach to reduce surgical risk and in -crease the resection rate of tumor.And it has an excellent display effect especially for complex tumors and abnormal blood vessels.

BACKGROUNDControl of hypersecretion of certain hormones is one of the key targets in the treatment of pituitary adenomas. RNA interference has been shown to inhibit protein expression, and thus it may represent a promising method for the treatment of pituitary adenomas. In the present study, transfection efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) was optimized in human prolactinoma cells.

METHODSFirst, a method was optimized to extract highly purified human prolactinoma cells in vitro. The extracted cells were verified to retain the physiological features of prolactin (PRL) secretion. Second, three conditions for siRNA transfection were tested by the evaluation of transfection efficiency and cell viability. The proper transfection condition was verified for human prolactinoma cells. Third, the siRNA for prolactin was transfected into the human prolactinoma cells, and the suppression of PRL mRNA was evaluated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR.

RESULTSThe siRNA of 100 pmol with Lipofectamine 2000 of 5 µl for 1 × 10(6) cells was proved preferable, with transfection efficiency being 53.3% and cell viability being 69.7%. In the preliminary experiment the siRNA against PRL decreased the mRNA of PRL by 34.0%.

CONCLUSIONIt is possible to inhibit hormone hypersecretion by RNA interference, that may eventually enable therapeutic siRNA drugs developed.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Separation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Prolactinoma ; pathology ; therapy ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) induced by calcium ionophore A23187 on H9c2 cardiomyocytes.

METHODSHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with 10 micromol/L A23187 for 30 min. EMVs from HUVECs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the conditioned culture medium. EMVs were characterized using 1 and 2 microm latex beads and anti-PE-CD144 antibody by flow cytometry. For functional research, EMVs at different concentrations were cocultured with H9c2 cardiomyocytes for 6 h. Cell viability of H9c2 cells and the activity of LDH leaked from H9c2 cells were tested by colorimetry. Moreover, apoptosis of H9c2 cells was observed through Hoechst 33258 staining and tested by FITC-Annexin V/PI double staining.

RESULTSEMVs were induced by A23187 on HUVECs, and isolated by ultracentrifugation. We identified the membrane vesicles (< 1 microm) induced by A23187 were CD144 positive. In addition, the EMVs could significantly reduce the viability of H9c2 cells, and increase LDH leakage from H9c2 cells in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). Condensed nuclei could be observed with the increasing concentrations of EMVs through Hoechst 33258 staining. Furthermore, increased apoptosis rates of H9c2 cells could be assessed through FITC-Annexin V/PI double staining by flow cytometry.

CONCLUSIONMicrovesicles could be released from HUVECs after induced by A23187 through calcium influx, and these EMVs exerted a pro-apoptotic effect on H9c2 cells by induction of apoptosis.

Annexin A5 ; Apoptosis ; Calcimycin ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; Coculture Techniques ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; analogs & derivatives ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; Staining and Labeling