Objective To evaluate the effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in lung tissues of rats with endotoxemia.Methods Forty healthy male SpragueDawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 250-310 g,were divided into 5 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group,low dose sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) group (group L-NaHS),moderate dose NaHS group (group M-NaHS) and high dose NaHS group (group H-NaHS).Endotoxemia was induced by Ⅳ LPS 5 mg/kg in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.The equal volume of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution was intravenously injected in group C.NaHS (an exogenous donor of H2S) 0.78,1.56 and 3.12 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected at 3 h after LPS injection in L-NaHS,M-NaHS and H-NaHS groups,respectively.The rats were sacrificed at 6 h after injection of LPS or 0.9％ sodium chloride solution,and lungs were removed for examination of the mitochondrial ultrastructure of lung tissues and for determination of apoptosis in lung cells (by flow cytometry) and expression of caspase-3,caspase-9,Bcl-2 and Bax protein and mRNA in lung tissues (by Western blot or real-timne polymerase chain reaction).The apoptosis rate and ratio of Bcl-2 expression to Bax expression (Bcl-2/Bax ratio) were calculated.The expression of cytochrome c (Cyt c) in cytoplasm and mitochondria of lung tissues was detected by Western blot.Results The apoptosis rate was significantly increased,the expression of caspase-3,caspase-9,Bcl-2 and Bax protein and mRNA was up-regulated,Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased,the expression of Cyt c in cytoplasm was up-regulated,and the expression of Cyt c in mitochondria was down-regulated in group LPS (P ＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group LPS,the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased,the expression of caspase-3 and Bax protein and mRNA was down-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA was up-regulated,Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased,the expression of Cyt c in cytoplasm was down-regulated,and the expression of Cyt c in mitochondria was up-regulated in L-NaHS,M-NaHS and H-NaHS groups,the expression of caspase-9 protein and mRNA was significantly down-regulated in M-NaHS and H-NaHS groups,and the expression of caspase-9 was significantly down-regulated (P ＜0.05 or 0.01),and no significant change was found in caspase-9 mRNA expression in group L-NaHS (P＞0.05),and the damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure was significantly mitigated in MNaHS and H-NaHS groups.Conclusion The mechanism by which exogenous H2S inhibits cell apoptosis in lung tissues may be related to inhibition of mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in rats with endotoxemia.

Objective To observe the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on structure and function of mitochondria of lung in rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, LPS injury group, and low-, middle-, and high-dose NaHS groups, with 8 rats in each group. The rats in LPS injury group were given LPS 5 mg/kg via sublingual vein, and those in low-, middle-, and high-dose NaHS groups were challenged by LPS for 3 hours followed by intraperitoneally injection of 0.78, 1.56 and 3.12 mg/kg NaHS respectively in a volume of 2 mL/kg. The rats in control group were given 2 mL/kg normal saline via sublingual vein. The rats were sacrificed at 6 hours after model reproduction, and the lung tissues were harvested on time. The mitochondria in lung tissues were isolated with differential centrifugation. The lung mitochondria ultra structures were observed with electron microscope. The content ofmalondialdehyde (MDA) in mitochondria was determined with thiobarbituric acid method, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were determined with xanthine oxidase method. The mitochondrial activity and swelling were determined by multiskan spectrum.Results It was shown by transmission electron microscope that the mitochondrial structure in the control group was normal. The mitochondria in rat lung cells was swollen with disrupted or disintegrated cristae, the osmiophilic lamellar bodies had fused or disappeared, and rough endoplasmic reticulum degranulation phenomenon was obvious in LPS injury group. The mitochondrial damage was slightly mitigated in the low-dose NaHS group, and it was significantly mitigated in the middle-dose and high-dose NaHS groups. Compared with control group, the MDA content in lung mitochondria in LPS injury group was significantly increased (nmol/mg: 26.30±1.45 vs. 11.16±1.20), andSOD, GSH-Px, and ATPase activities were significantly decreased [SOD (U/mg): 18.78±1.13 vs. 27.44±1.97, GSH-Px (U/mg): 63.91±1.99 vs. 128.15±3.47, ATPase (U/mg): 4.83±0.25 vs. 9.92±0.65]; as well as the activity of the mitochondria was significantly decreased (A value: 0.164±0.025 vs. 0.319±0.045), and the swelling of the mitochondria was significantly increased (A value: 0.182±0.012 vs. 0.273±0.023), all with significantly statistical differences (allP < 0.01). Compared with LPS injury group, the MDA contents in low-, middle-, and high-dose NaHS groups were significantly decreased (nmol/mg: 21.89±1.23, 17.63±1.56, 12.19±1.30 vs. 26.30±1.45), and the SOD, GSH-PX, and ATPase activities were significantly increased [SOD (U/mg): 20.13±0.85, 21.38±1.22, 24.05±1.56 vs. 18.78±1.13; GSH-Px (U/mg): 82.06±1.65, 101.45±2.14, 117.80±2.12 vs. 63.91±1.99; ATPase (U/mg): 5.34±0.23, 7.06±0.37, 8.78±0.44 vs. 4.83±0.25]; as well as the activity of the mitochondria was markedly increased (A value: 0.194±0.018, 0.230±0.032, 0.297±0.038 vs. 0.164±0.025), and the swelling of mitochondria was markedly decreased (A value: 0.195±0.008, 0.219±0.017, 0.249±0.018 vs. 0.182±0.012), all with significantly statistical differences (allP < 0.05). Moreover, the protective effect of NaHS showed a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion It could be concluded that LPS induce mitochondrial structural damage and functional impairment in rats with ALI induced by LPS, and H2S have a beneficial effect against ALI induced by LPS with decreasing the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation level and protecting the cell structure and function, and the effect is correlated with the dosage.

In recent years, layer-by-layer self-assembly (LbL) has developed rapidly. It has been widely used in various industries such as medicine and metallurgy because of its simplicity, flexibility and controllability. In the study of drug delivery system, hollow microcapsules constructed by LbL method as drug carrier have great advantages in drug release, circulation in vivo and bioavailability, providing a technical platform for targeted drug release. In this paper, we summarize the types of film-forming materials and the driving force used in LbL technology, the way of loading drug into hollow micro capsule, and the variety of loaded drugs. We focus on the release mechanism, its evaluation and safety evaluation of self-assembled film as drug carrier in vivo and in vitro. The review shows the great application prospect of LbL technology in the field of drug delivery.

Objective To explore the effect of action observation therapy (AOT) on upper limb function in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy,and the better program. Methods From March to November,2017,45 children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to control group and AOT group.The control group was further divided into group A(n=11)and group B(n=11), and received conventional rehabilitation treatment and scenic-observation therapy, 20 minutes every time for group A,and 30 minutes every time for group B.AOT group was further divided into group C(n=10)and group D (n=11), and received AOT in addition, 20 minutes every time for group C, and 30 minutes every time for group D,five times each week for twelve weeks for all the groups.Before treatment,eight and twelve weeks af-ter treatment, they were assessed with hand grip strength, Upper Extremities Functions Test (UEFT), and Wee Functional Independence Measure(WeeFIM). Results After treatment,the hand grip strength and the score of UEFT were better in group D than in groups B and C(P<0.05),and were better at twelve weeks than at eight weeks(P<0.05).No significant difference was found in the score of WeeFIM among groups after treatment(P>0.05). Conclusion AOT could improve upper limp function in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy,and it's more ef-fective after more training.

OBJECTIVETo investigate device implanted complications and corresponding therapeutic strategies of Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system for lumbar spine intraoperatively and postoperatively.

METHODSFrom September 2008 to August 2010, 133 cases of degenerative disease of lumbar spine including 62 males and 71 females, ranging from 35 to 81 years of age (mean 60.8 years), underwent or planed to be underwent decompression with Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system were reviewed retrospectively, and 13 cases including 6 males and 7 females, ranging from 41 to 71 years of age (mean 58.6 years), occurred device implanted complications. The Coflex implanted complications were analyzed, and therapeutic strategies according to different character were carried out, scores of visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI) and effect-related data preoperatively, postoperatively, after conservative treatment and in final follow-up were evaluated with paired-samples t test.

RESULTSThirteen cases of Coflex implanted complications and treatment applied included: 3 cases occurred fracture of spinous processes intraoperatively were treated by pedicle screws instead; 2 cases occurred fracture of spinous processes postoperatively or during follow-up, including 1 case underwent revision with pedicle screws, another 1 case treated with conservative treatment; 4 cases with degenerative coronal spondylolysis in surgical segments, 1 case with sagittal instability preoperatively, and 1 case with device dislodgment in follow-up all suffered aggravated pain and received conservative treatment; 1 case suffered implanted malposition intraoperatively was underwent internal fixation with pedicle screws instead; at length, 1 case with aggravated pain postoperatively and without definite reason received revision with internal fixation of pedicle screws demolishing the Coflex. The follow-up time of 13 cases ranged from 20 to 38 months (mean 27.6 months); and 7 cases implanted Coflex with aggravated pain of lumbar and lower limb, but the position of device can still maintained, were received conservative treatment, and whose score of VAS and ODI in the final follow-up were 1.9 ± 0.7 and 23.2 ± 3.4, and comparing to 6.1 ± 1.1 and 58.1 ± 3.0 preoperatively, evident improvement was got finally (t = 8.2 and 18.2, P < 0.01). Scores of VAS and ODI of 2 cases with Coflex implanted complications underwent revision with pedicle screws were also improved correspondingly.

CONCLUSIONSCoflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system implanted should be avoided to cases who suffered with osteoporosis, too narrow interspinous space and intervertebral coronal spondylolysis or sagittal instability; and choice of device, depth of implantation and intensity of clumping should be appropriate. For patients with symptom but device still in right position, conservative treatment can be carried out; but for patients subjected to malposition of device, failure of implantation intraoperatively or intolerance to device, revisions and salvages should be underwent with internal fixation of pedicle screws.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; adverse effects ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To understand the application of skin disinfectant in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)nationwide.Methods From April to May 2023,application of skin disinfectant in 93 NICUs nationwide was sur-veyed with convenience sampling method by a self-designed questionnaire.Questionnaire contents included types of disinfectant,disinfection tools,cleaning and disinfection frequency,disinfectant drying status,removal of disinfec-tant,and adverse reactions caused by disinfectant.Results A total of 93 nursing units in 71 medical institutions from 25 provinces/municipalities were included in this study.In NICUs,three most commonly used disinfectants were ethanol(79.57％),iodophor(74.19％),and anerdian(62.37％).In nursing units for neonates＜2 months of age,chlorhexidine was prohibited in 28 units(30.11％),used with caution in 23 units(24.73％),allowed in 9 units(9.68％),and there was no unified requirement in 33 units(35.48％).When using ethanol,staff only wiped once in 13(17.57％)nursing units.In some nursing units,there was no unified requirements on the wiping fre-quency of disinfectant.As for the removal of residual iodine,saline was used in 29(42.03％)nursing units,ethanol in 8(11.59％),and 19(27.54％)did not have unified requirements.The adverse reactions of disinfectant mainly included rash and contact dermatitis.Disinfectants that caused adverse reactions included ethanol,iodophor,aner-dian,and chlorhexidine.Conclusion In clinical practice,unified standards for the use of neonatal skin disinfectant remain absent.Selection and use of neonatal skin disinfectant vary considerably.Neonatal skin disinfectants have common adverse reactions.It is necessary to strengthen the training of health care workers on the standardized use of disinfectant,as well as carry out large-scale and rigorous randomized controlled trial designs to provide scientific basis for the correct selection of disinfectant.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis (HB), evolution and origin feature of Brucella strains in Tongliao city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2004-2018, and to provide evidence for strategy development against the disease. Methods:Data from the reports on HB in Tongliao during 2004-2018 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention before being analyzed with software Excel 2016. Epidemiologic feature was described, using the number of cases, constituent ratio and related rates. Conventional biotypes methods were used for identification of species/biovars strains while species of six Brucella strains were further verified by AMOS-PCR. Cluster analyze on six Brucella strains were performed with Bio-Numerics 5.0 software and for examining and revealing the genetic characteristics of the related strains. Results:During 2004-2018, a total of 16 704 HB cases were reported, with the incidence rate as 35.41/100 000. The incidence rates appeared as 110.51/100 000 in Jarud Banner and 67.84/100 000 in Kulun flag, which were both higher than the other areas. Most of the cases were reported in the 40 -54 year olds, which accounted for 48.75% (8 143/16 704). The number of HB in farmers appeared as 14 873, which counted for 89.04% (14 873/16 704) of all the cases. Male to female ratio of incidence was 2.40∶1. Most of the reported cases appeared between March to May, which accounted for 56.30% (9 405/16 704). Peak of the disease was seen in April. Using the conventional identification method, results showed that the available six strains all belonged to B. melitensis, including three of them as B. melitensis bv.1 and others three strains as B. melitensis bv. 3. Results from the amplified AMOS-PCR showed that all the strains were B. melitensis. The six strains clustered in two MLVA-11 genotypes (111 and 116) and all belonged to the Eastern Mediterranean lineage. Based on the MLVA-16 cluster analysis, results suggested that strains from this study were having close genetic relationship with B. melitensis strains that were from Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. Conclusions:Human brucellosis identified in Tongliao area was with greater risk in spreading the disease to the vicinity. Our findings indicated that the programs on detection and control of the disease should be strengthened.

Objective To explore the incidence and risk factors of perioperative ischemic stroke in non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical surgeries and its correlation with preoperative risk assessment of cerebrovascular events,so as to guide perioperative risk management.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 40 patients aged≥18 years who underwent non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical surgeries and experienced perioperative ischemic stroke in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 2015 to January 2022,forming the stroke group.A control group of 160 patients without perioperative ischemic stroke was selected in a 1:4 case-control ratio,matched for gender,age,date of operation,and the surgeon.Clinical data and preoperative risk assessment of cerebrovascular events(including the single or combined application of head CT/MRI,transcranial Doppler ultrasound,carotid ultrasound,and neurological consultation)of the two groups of patients were collected and statistically analyzed.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with perioperative ischemic stroke.Results The incidence of perioperative ischemic stroke was 0.042%.Multiple logistic analysis results showed that hypertension(OR=7.858,95%CI 2.175-28.388,P=0.002),hyperlipidemia(OR=4.457,95%CI 1.320-15.049,P=0.016),renal insufficiency(OR=8.277,95%CI 1.480-46.282,P=0.016),and intraoperative hypotension(OR=3.862,95%CI 1.211-12.317,P=0.022)were independent risk factors for perioperative ischemic stroke in non-cardiac and non-neurological surgeries;preoperative cerebrovascular risk assessment(OR=0.130,95%CI 0.031-0.542,P=0.005)was a protective factor against it.Conclusions The incidence of perioperative ischemic stroke in non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical surgery is low but has a poor prognosis.Hypertension,hyperlipidemia,renal insufficiency,and postoperative hypotension are risk factors for perioperative ischemic stroke,while preoperative cerebrovascular event risk assessment is beneficial to reducing its incidence.

Objective To investigate the expression and relationship between miR-145-5p and multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) protein P-glycoprotein(P-gp) in colorectal cancer. Methods SP, Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of P-gp colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in 50 patients and in 30 paracancerous normal tissue patients, the effect of miR-145-5p expression on MDR1 mRNA and P-gp and the correlation between them and clinicopathological features. Results The expression level of miR-145-5p in CRC was significantly lower than that in paracancerous normal tissue, and the expression level of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp was significantly higher than that in paracancerous normal tissue (r=-0. 403, P<0. 01).MiR-145-5p could inhibit the expression of MDR1 mRNA and P-gp in HCT-15 cells(P<0. 05). Conclusion MiR-145-5p plays a regulatory role in the expression of multidrug resistance genes and proteins in colorectal cancer, and is involved in the occurrence, development and multidrug resistance of colorectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism and distribution characteristics of RhD negative phenotypes in Han population of blood donors in Wuhu city.Methods:A total of 210 RhD-samples from August 2021 to August 2022 were screened by serological test and collected from Wuhu Central Blood Station for the voluntary blood donor population.Exons 1 and 10 of the RHD gene were amplificated by PCR to determine whether the samples had the RHD gene.Exons 1-10 of the RHD gene were amplificated by PCR and zygosity analysis were performed in 82 samples containing D gene,and Sanger sequencing was performed on 55 samples containing all RHD exons to determine the genotype.Results:Among 210 RhD-specimens,128 cases(60.38％)had RHD gene deletion.27 cases had partial exons of RHD,including 2 cases with RHD*DVI.3/RHD*01N.01,24 cases with RHD*01N.04/RHD*01N.01,and 1 case with RHD-CE(2-10)/RHD*01N.01.55 cases had retained all of 10 exons,including 4 cases with RHD*01/RHD*01N.01,6 cases with RHD*15/RHD*01N.01,1 case with RHD*01W.72/RHD*01N.01,1 case with RHD*15/RHD*01EL.01,39 cases with RHD*01EL.01/RHD*01N.01,and the remaining 4 cases were determined to have no RHD gene deletion by zygosity analysis and sequencing showed the presence of 1227G＞A mutation loci.Conclusion:There is polymorphism in the molecular mechanism of RhD-D gene in Wuhu blood donor population,among which RHD*01EL.01 and RHD*15 are the main variants in this region.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for RhD blood group identification and clinical blood transfusion in this region.