This paper discusses project management of translational medicine in several important aspects:scientific planning,platform constructing,team building,process management,technology transfer,protection of intellectual property rights,supervision on ethics,and project funding system of the institutions.

Objective Valve replacement is a conventional therapy for the mitral insufficiency caused by IE. Mitral valve repair as an optional procedure for the disease has become feasible in recent years. However, concerns from surgeons about the recurrence of endocarditis after mitral valve repair remained. in this study we evaluated the long-term clinical outcomes of patients treated with surgery for the mitral insufficiency caused by infective endocarditis (IE). Methods Between July 1990 and July 2007, 83 consecutive patients (male 62, female 21) with mitral valve IE were enrolled in this study. Forty-one (49.4% )patients received mitral valve repair ( MVP,group A) and 42(50. 6% ) patients received mitral valve replacement ( MVR, group B). Thirty-seven cases had concomitant aortic valve replacement; 1 patient had aortic valve repair; 4 cases had ventricular septal defect repair; 1 case had atrial septal defect repair, 12 cases had bicuspid valve repair; 2 cases had coronary artery bypass graft and 1 case had femoral artery thrombus. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography were performed in 18 cases for the evaluation of mitral valve regurgitation. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic clamping time and postoperative ventilation time were recorded and analyzed. Mid- and long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were assessed.Results Preoperative left ventricular end systolic diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction and the classification of New York Heart Association in group A were significantly lower than those in group B (P ＜ 0. 05), but no difference was observed between the 2 groups in the cardiopulmonary bypass time and the crossclamping time. However, the intubation time and ICU time were shorter in group A than those in group B ( P ＜ 0.05 ). More vegetations were seen in the MVR group than in the MVP group. Three (3.6% ) patients died after the operation in group B. All patients were assessed as in NYHA Ⅰ-Ⅱ at discharge.A follow-up was done between 1 to 165 months (mean 39 months) with a mean follow-up rate of 95%. In the MVR group, peri-valvular leakage happened in 1 case, cerebral hemorrhage happened in 2 cases and repetitive pleura! effusion in 1 case. One death happened in the MVR group and none in the MVP group. The 10-year survival rate (100% ) in group A was nonsignificantly higher in group A than that (75% ) in group B(P =0.081). Conclusion Mitral valve repair is feasible for treating mitral valve lesions caused by endocarditis, and may provide an optimistic long-term outcome to the patients. The indication for mitral valve repair is mild to moderate mitral valve lesion. Experienced cardiac surgeons, use of antibiotics before and after the operations based on drug-sensitivity test and blood test, as well as follow-up the patients yearly, are important factors for the favorite outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of the double-orifice technique in the treatment of the anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve. Methods: 35 patients with severe anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve underwent valve repair using the double-orifice technique. The condition of valve was assessed with echocardiography preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. Results: The mean postoperative valve area was (4 1?1 8) cm 2 against the preoperative valve area of (8 3?1 6)cm 2. Mild regurgitation was found in 2 patients after operation. There were no hospital deaths. At the latest follow-up, the heart function was improved significantly in all patients (NYHA class I). Echo-Doppler assessment of valve showed stable valve function in all patients. There were no late stenosis of valve and no late death. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the double-orifice technique is a safe and effective method for treatment of anterior leaflet of mitral valve with low mortality and morbidity, and excellent early and mid-term results.

Objective\ To find out the relationship between the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the audiogenic seizures. Methods The neuronal(Nissl)staining method and the immunocytochemical method were used to identify the Fos postive neurons in the PAG of the audiogenic seizures prone rats(P77PMC) after audiogenic seizures. Results There were lots of Fos positive neurons in the dorsolateral, dorsal and caudoventrolateral subdivisions of the PAG in P77PMC rats two hours post seizure, and the percentage of Fos positive neurons was significant higher than that of rats in control groups. Conclusion A large number of neurons in the PAG of the audiogenic seizures prone rats participated in the process of the audiogenic seizures.

Objective To evaluate the operative results of 542 patients underwent mitral valve repair and the results of 20-years follow-up.Methods A total of 542 patients [306 males,236 females;mean age (38.75?19.38) years) underwent mitral valve re- pair between 1985 and 2006.Mean follow-up was (41.03?40.40) months (1～240 months),and follow-up was 90.8% complete. Results The post-operative mortality was 3.7 %,and 96.3 % of patients were in NYHA class Ⅰ and Ⅱ after surgery.During fol- low-up,there were 20 deaths and 23 reoperations.Survival at 7-year,10-year and 15-year was 91%,88% and 70%,respectively. Freedom from reoperation at 7-year and 10-year was 94% and 86%,respectively.Conclusion Valve repair in mitral leaflet disease is a standard technique,with a good operative results.

The study of normal carpal kinematics has a history of only about 100 years. The initial in vitro research has shifted to the recent in vitro research. Information about the 3 dimensional movements of the carpal bones in vitro was obtained in studies using implanted radiopaque markers or transcutaneous pins with biplanar radiography, low frequency magnetic field technology and reconstructing the geometry of the bones from computed tomography (CT). On the other hand, information about the 3 dimensional movements of the carpal bones in vitro was obtained in studies reconstructing the geometry of the bones from computed tomography (CT) and using the advanced matching techniques. Most of the results obtained through the two methods are in concordance. The distal row of bones is relatively tightly bound to one another and the proximal row of bones is less so but still moving together. The foundation of the carpal kinematics was laid by in vitro studies. In vitro data largely concur with in vitro data, and only larger out of plane motions within the proximal carpal row are described in most in vitro studies. In vitro studies have also showed larger interindividual variations. Due to the limitations of both in vitro and in vitro studies, so far there has been no unanimity about the interpretation of carpal functional anatomy. In this paper, the authors summarize the research advances in normal carpal kinematics.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in 60% ethanol extract from the stems of Sambucus williamsii. Methods: Six compounds were isolated and purified by macroporous resin D-101, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40, ODS column chromatographies, and RP-HPLC. Results: Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and identified as 23-hydroxy-3-oxo-28-nor-12, 16-dien oleanane (1), 3-oxo-oleanolic acid (2), oleanolic acid (3), betulinic acid (4), palmitic acid (5), and 1-octacosanol (6). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new nortriterpenoid named sambucusan A. Compounds 2 and 6 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Conventional chemotherapy drugs, molecularly targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the major constituents of anti-tumor drugs in clinical settings at present. Molecularly targeted drugs specifically target the key proteins, genes, or signal transduction pathways in tumor cells which are essential for initiation and development of tumor, resulting in selective activity to induce cell death or growth inhibition. Molecularly targeted drugs have emerged as the mainstream in the research and development of anti-tumor drugs due to its high selectivity and low toxicity. Natural products refer to the chemical constituents or metabolites originated animals, plants, or microorganisms, which have been recognized as one of the important sources of drug discovery with abundant resources and diversified structures. At present, a number of molecularly targeted anti-tumor drugs derived from natural products or their derivatives have been approved for cancer therapy or in clinical trials. This review will summarize the molecularly targeted anti-tumor drugs derived from natural products or their derivatives according to their different cellular targets, and also outline the molecular mechanism, progress, and perspectives of these drugs.

The prosthesis is forced by pneumatic artificial muscle, which can swing like human legs by inputting signals such as square waves and trigonal waves.Its swing performance is tested under such triggerings in order to find out a best motivating curve rendering the prosthesis performance almost the same as what human legs do. Compared with the normal human pace graph, the curve matches very well in the ascending edge but quite a discrepancy in the end of descending edge. According analyzing the reasons of the discrepancies, we could know how to ameliorate the design of the next generation of the bionic legs.

Knee joint is the largest and most complex joint of human body. Knee prosthesis, as the core component of lower limb, has a great expectation on simulated properties. Based on bionics, this study was designed to analyze kinematic characteristics of simulated knee joint, such as the sliding and rolling ratio of the knee as well as the instantaneous center curve, in order to further investigate an ideal simulated knee joint which was highly similar to normal knee joint. Movement regularity of human knee joint was simplified to introduce biomechanical model of knee joint so as to analyze and deduce formula of sliding ratio, rolling ratio, and instantaneous center curve. The calculation results were compared with parameters of human knee joint, suggesting a high coincidence between simulated and human knee joint. This provides an evidence for analyzing stability of motion and further studying structure and function of simulated knee joint, and this also provides basis for further research artificial simulated leg.