Objective To investigate the possibility of affecting transgenic rescue for Wilson disease using the human ATP7B transgenic LEC rat.Methods The 7.1kb transgene constructed with human ATP7B cDNA and chicken ?-actin promoter was introduced into the fertilized oocytes of LEC rats, an animal model of Wilson disease, by microinjection. The expressions of human ATP7B protein in the transgenic rats were detected by Western blot. The plasma AST and ALT activities, and the total bilirubin levels in transgenic rats were measured continuously from 6 to 16 weeks using non-transgenic rats and LEA rat as controls. The pathological and histochemistry changes in the liver of the transgenic rats at 13 weeks were analyzed. Results The intact and correct product derived from human ATP7B was confirmed in the liver of transgenic rats. At the age around 12 weeks, the plasma AST and ALT activities, and the total bilirubin levels in transgenic rats were significantly decreased, while the inflammatory reation in the liver of transgenic rats was much mild as compared with that of non-transgenic rats, and the granules of stained copper were less in the hepatocytes of transgenic rats. By the age of 16 weeks, the transgenic rats were phenotypically normal, and the survival rate was 100%. These data showed that the LEC rats were successfully rescued from fulminant hepatitis after introducing of human ATP7B gene. Conclusion The hepatitis in Wilson disease is directly related to the toxicity of excessive accumulated copper, which attributed to the functional deficiency of the ATP7B. Gene transfer probably is the effective method for the therapy of Wilson disease.

Objective To investigate the possibility of affecting transgenic therapy for the hepatic cirrhosis and hepatoma in Wilson disease by human ATP7B cDNA. Methods The 7.1*!kb transgene consisting of human ATP7B cDNA and chiken ?-actin promoter was introduced into the LEC rats which is an animal model of Wilson disease by microinjection.The plasma AST and ALT activities in transgenic rats were measured continuously from weeks 17 to 30 using non-transgenic and LEA rats as controls.The histological and histochemistry changes of liver in the transgenic rats at 30 and 60 weeks of age were examined. Results The plasma AST and ALT activities in transgenic rats were kept at the relatvie lower levels from 17 to 60 weeks of age, as compared to the age-matched non-transgenic rats.By the age of 60 weeks,none of the transgenic males developed cholangiofibrosis or hepatoma,whereas all of the non-transgenic rasts had severe cholangiofibrosis at the age of 30 weeks and one male rat had hepatoma at 60 weeks.The transgenic rats were phenotypically normal,and the survival rate was 95.7%.In addition,the distribution and the numbers of the granules of stained copper in the hepatocytes of the transgenic rats did not show any significant difference between 30 and 60 weeks.Conclusion The human ATP7B successfully delayed the onset of hepatic cirrhosis,and suppressed the development of hepatoma in the LEC rats by gene transfer.The hepatic cirrhosis and hepatoma in Wilson disease may be not directly related to the copper accumulation.

The paper introduces the basic concept of the data set,formulates the basic data set of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing evaluation through the research and analysis on the clinical nursing process and scientific research business requirements,states the design idea,framework and technical route.The data set is established to provide a common data exchange specification for the nursing evaluation information system,and lay a foundation for the establishment of regional information platform.

Conventional diagnostic methods used for pathologic nipple discharge (PND) include color ultrasound, mammary mo-lybdenum target X-ray radiography (mammography), nipple cytologic smears, and ductography. Diagnosis of PND through inspection yields indirect signs and has low positive rate. Fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) allows direct visualization of intra-ductal lesions, evaluates etiology of PND, and accurately locates intraductal lesions through wire marking. FDS is a valuable test for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and can help identify appropriate location for surgical excision. Interventional treatment for ductal ectasia and inflamma-tion is also efficient. Our study discusses FDS as a novel diagnosis and treatment method for PND patients.

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of breast cancer and affects the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, decreases blood glucose level and has a role in suppressing various cancers. In addition, metformin has a unique in-hibitory effect on breast cancer, i.e., it can inhibit breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, metformin exerts its anti-tumor ef-fect on epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positive and monoclonal antibody trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell lines, breast cancer stem cells, and triple negative breast cancer cells. Metformin can reduce the risk of the breast cancer in patients with dia-betes, lower histologic grade, and increase expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Furthermore, metformin has certain effect on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. This review aims to clarify the mechanism of metformin in restraining breast cancer based on basic and clinical study results.

BACKGROUND:Stromal cel-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is one of the most powerful chemokines in myocardial infarction region and plays a particularly pivotal role in the homing of stem cels to an injured myocardium and promoting angiogenesis. On the other hand the microbubble and acoustics active substances carrying targetable ligands can be prepared into targeted ultrasound contrast agents that can be combined with living cels used for molecular imaging. The key of ultrasonic molecular imaging is to find imaging targets, and to successfuly prepare targeted ultrasound contrast agent which can be combined with the imaging target specificaly and efficiently. OBJECTIVE:To prepare and evaluate targeted microbubble contrast agents with SDF-1 monoclonal antibody. METHODS:Targeted microbubble contrast agent with SDF-1 monoclonal antibody was prepared using the biotin-streptavidin method. The physiochemical properties of targeted microbubble contrast agent were evaluated by appearance, pH, particle diameter, optical and fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry test. Four minipigs underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to complete the establishment of acute myocardial infarction model, and another two minipigs were subject to thoracotomy but no ligation of the coronary artery. Then, al animals were injected with microbubble contrast agents. The stability of microbubbles was assessed by immunofluorescence testin vivo. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:SDF-1 and microbubbles were combined by biotin-streptavidin method.In vitro appearance of the contrast agent was translucent yelow or green, and stratified after standing. pH vaule was 7.02±0.12 for non-targeted contrast agent and 6.10±0.19 for targeted microbubble contrast agent. Under the fluorescence microscope, the distribution and size of targeted microbubbles were uniform, and the microbubbles were surrounded by bright and ring shaped green fluorescence that had no changes after highly shaking. The diameter of microbubbles was (2 422.62±238.82) nm after carrying the SDF-1 antibody. Flow cytometry results showed that the carrying rate of targeted contrast agents was stable in different periods.In vivo test showed that targeted microbubbles gathered in vascular endothelial cel surface after acute myocardial infarction. These findings indicate that the targeted microbubble contrast agent carrying SDF-1 monoclonal antibody prepared by biotin-streptavidin method can be combined with vascular endothelial cels, and the binding rate is high and stablein vitro.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods ; Tumor Burden

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of subemergency treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.Methods From June 2013 through February 2014,47 patients older than 65 years were treated for femoral intertrochanteric fracture at our department and completed full follow-ups.Of them,20 received subemergency operation.They were 9 men and 11 women,with an average age of 72.2 ± 4.8 years.By the Evans-Jensen classification,there were 2 cases of type Ⅰ,5 of type Ⅱ,5 of type Ⅲ,5 of type Ⅳ,and 3 of type Ⅴ.The time from injury to surgery ranged from 0.5 to 1.7 days (average,0.8 days).The other 27 patients underwent selective operation.They were 11 men and 16 women,with an average age of 74.9 ± 5.7 years.By the Evans-Jensen classification,there were 3 cases of type Ⅰ,6 of type Ⅱ,6 of type Ⅲ,7 of type Ⅳ,and 5 of type Ⅴ.The time from injury to surgery ranged from 2 to 5 days (average,3.4 days).We compared the 2 groups in terms of in-hospital complications,fracture healing time,length of hospital stay,and hip scores at the last follow-up.Results All the patients were followed up for 12 to 15 months (mean,13.4 months).The rate of in-hospital complications in the subemergency operation group (35.0％,7/20) was significantly lower than that in the selective operation group (51.9％,14/27),and the length of hospital stay in the former (12.1 ± 1.6 days) was significantly shorter than in the latter (16.1 ± 1.8 days) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in fracture healing time (13.1 ± 1.8 weeks versus 13.6 ± 1.2 weeks) (P ＞ 0.05).According to the hip scores at the last follow-up,the subemergency operation group had 16 excellent,2 good,one fair and one poor cases (with an excellent to good rate of 90.0％) while the selective operation group had 21 excellent,2 good,2 fair and 2 poor cases (with an excellent to good rate of 85.2％),showing no significant difference between groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Subemergency operation can reduce not only in-hospital complications but also length of hospital stay for old patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture.

Objective The expression of agr and sigB regulation system in Staphylococcus aureus with different infection types were assessed by analyzing the characteristics of m /z value generated by MALDI-TOF-MS.Methods A total of 50 isolates with specific genotypes were collected from Tianjin First Center Hospital during Jun 2013 to Feb 2014 for retrospective study .The pattern profiles of these isolates were obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS with RUO model, and the m/z value was also analysed to evaluate the expression the agr and sigB regulation system .The phylogenetic tree based on mass spectrum peak feature was constructed using SARAMIS software .Results A total of 50 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were divided into two groups: acute infection and chronic persistent and recurrent infection .The expression of delta toxin in acute infection and in chronic infection was 99.2 ±4.1 and 60.5 ±10.1 ( t =16.83, P<0.05), respectively.The regulation of stress proteins of sigB system was enhanced in chronic persistent and recurrent infections , and the expression intensities of SAS 030, SAS049 and SA0772 were 27.1 ±14.7, 54.8 ±21.5 and 51.6 ±19.2, respectively; while in acute infections , those were 4.9 ±1.9, 12.4 ±2.8 and 15.7 ±6.9, respectively.The t values between the two groups were -6.88 (P<0.05),-8.98 (P<0.05) and -1.87 (P<0.05), respecitively.The expression of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) was inconsistent , and the relative strength of PSMα3 was 100%in the colony variants small strains .Conclusions Different types of the Staphylococcus aureus infections could be evaluated through the assessment of the agr and sigB regulation system .The m/z value obtained by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a marker for the expression of agr and sigB regulation system .The application of this technology needs further development .

Rare sugars were defined as monosaccharides and their derivatives that rarely exist in nature. They played an important role in food, health, medicine and etc A strategy for bioproduction of rare sugars, namely Izumoring, was described. By the Izumoring method, all monosaccharides and polyols could be linked, using enzymatic reaction with D-tagatose 3-epimerase, aldose isomerases and polyol dehydrogenases. Izumoring for hexoses, pentoses and tetroses were designed respectively. According to this strategy, the bioproduction routes of various rare sugars, using microbial and enzymatic reactions, could be obtained. In addition, the future research tendency of biotransformation of rare sugars was put forward.