AIM: To investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on protein and mRNA expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1? (MIP-1?) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs). METHODS: HUVECs were cultured with AGEs at different concentrations for 24 h and at a concentration of 400 mg/L for different time.The levels of mRNA and protein expression of MIP-1? in cultured HUVEC were detected by in situ hybridization and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: In situ hybridization showed that after exposure of HUVECs to AGEs at different concentrations (100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L) for 24 h, the average integrated optical density values (18.76?3.17, 26.58?1.61, 34.23?2.25) of MIP-1? mRNA expression in HUVECs were higher than that in control group (13.83?1.24, P

Background Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model is an acceptable model and is often used to the study of diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,the model is often established using retinal digest preparation in vitro in albino rats,and therefore it is difficult to evaluate the change of retinal vessels by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in vivo.Recently,pigmented rats are being used as the DR model.But the study on the comparison between albino rat model and pigmented rat model is seldom.Objective This study was to observe and compare the manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation in early diabetic pigmented diabetic rat and albino diabetic rat,and to select the right model of DR using FFA.Methods Type 1 diabetic models were induced in 15 six-week-old health male BN rats and 15 six-week-old health male SD rats by the injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) via tail vein.The models were thought to be successful in the rats with the blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.The right eyes of the rats were extracted 6 weeks after injection of STZ.Lens were examined by slit lamp microscope.Retinal vascular changes were examined by fundus photography,FFA and periodic acid Schiff staining of retinal digest preparation.The manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation were contrasted between BN rats and SD rats.The number of eyes with lens opacification was compared by Chi-square test and the ratio of vascular endothelial cells and perithelial cells (E/P) was compared between BN rats and SD rats.The use and care of experimental animals complied the Statement of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Medicine University.Results Six weeks after injection of STZ,11 BN rats and 10SD rats were included in this study.The blood levels were (24.73±2.98) mmol/L and (22.36±3.65) mmol/L in BN rats and SD rats,respectively,without significant difference between the 2 types of rats (t =7.873,P＞0.05).Lens opacification occurred in 6 BN rats and in 5 SD rats (P=0.717).FFA showed the clear retinal vascular under the brown background.Evident vessel disorder and fluorescence leakage like background stage of DR were seen in 9 eyes.However,in the SD rats,retinal vessel abnormality could not exhibited owing to the interference of choroid fluorescent light from choroidal vessels and vortex vein.Retinal digest preparation exhibited that unevenness of vessel diameter,decrease of perithelial cells and increase of endothelial cells in both types of rats.The E/P values were 11.50±3.68in the BN rats and 12.86±3.94 in the SD rats,without significant difference between them (t=9.785,P＞0.05).Conclusions The abnormality of fundus vascular morphology can be better displayed in pigmented diabetic rats than albino rats by FFA in vivo.

Adult ; Aged ; Asteraceae ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Aim To study the effects of ganoderma lu-cidum polysaccharides and metformin on myocardial fi-brosis of type 2 diabetic rats and its mechanism. Methods SD rats were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks, and then were injected with streptozotocin (30mg·kg-1 ) to replicate type 2 diabetic model. The diabetic rats were randomized into normal control group,diabetes group, ganoderma lucidum polysaccha-rides group ( 600 mg · kg-1 ) , metformin group ( 600 mg·kg-1 ) , and combination group( ganoderma lucid-um polysaccharides 300 mg·kg-1 +metformin 300 mg ·kg-1 ) . After 12 weeks’ treatment,the levels of fast-ing serum glucose were determined and the extent of myocardial fibrosis was observed by Picro-sirius red staining. The contents of AGEs in serum were deter-mined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The activities of CAT and GSH-Px in myocardium were detected. Im-munohistochemical method and Western blot were used to detect myocardial tissue AGEs and CTGF protein ex-pression. Results Combination group could repress patho-proceeding of myocardial fibrosis efficiently, im-prove the activity of CAT and GSH-Px in myocardium and lower the concentration of AGEs in serum, as well as reduce the expression of AGEs and CTGF in myo-cardium. Conclusions Ganoderma lucidum polysac-charides and metformin could prevent myocardial fibro-sis. The possible mechanism may be related to repress-ing oxidative stress of myocardium, lowering serum AGEs and down regulating AGEs and CTGF of myocar-dium.

Objective To study the effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides combined with metformin on oxidative stress of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods SD rats were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks and injected with streptozotocin (30 mg·kg-1 ) to produce type 2 diabetic model. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into diabetes model group, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group (600 mg·kg-1 ), metformin group (600 mg·kg-1 ), combination group (ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides 300 mg·kg-1+ metformin 300 mg·kg-1 ), After 12 weeks of treatment, the level of fasting blood glucose was determined, and the activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD), malondialdehyde ( MDA), catalase ( CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were detected. Results The levels of fasting blood glucose in the treatment groups were significantly lower than that in the diabetes model group (P<0. 01). Furthermore, fasting blood glucose in the combination group was significantly lower than that in ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group (P<0. 01). Compared with diabetes model group, serum TC and TG in the treatment groups were significantly lower (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). Serum TC and TG were significantly lower in the combination group than in ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). Compared with diabetes model group, serum SOD levels in the treatment groups were significantly higher (P<0. 01). Compared with ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group, serum SOD levels in the combination group was significantly higher (P<0. 05). Compared with diabetes group, serum MDA levels in the treatment groups were significantly lower (P<0. 01). Serum MDA in the combination group was significantly lower than that in ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group ( P<0. 05). Compared with diabetes model group, serum CAT and GSH-Px in the treatment groups were significantly higher (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). Serum CAT and GSH-Px in the combination group were significantly higher than those in ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group and metformin group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides combined with metformin could effectively inhibit oxidantion stress in type 2 diabetic rats. The effect was better than ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides or metformin used alone. The possible mechanism may be related to increased activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px in vivo and regulation of dyslipidemia.

Aim To investigate the effects and mecha of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and metformin on pathological changes of thoracic aorta in diabetic ratsandthemechanisms.Methods SDratswerefed with high fat diet for 4 weeks and injected with strepto-zotocin ( 30 mg · kg-1 ) to replicate type 2 diabetic model. The diabetic rats were randomly into diabetes group, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides group ( 600 mg·kg-1 ) ,metformin group(600 mg·kg-1 ) ,combi-nation group ( ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides 300 mg· kg-1 + metformin 300 mg · kg-1 ) and normal control group. After 12 weeksˊ treatment, the levels of fasting serum glucose, the activity of catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) , total cholesterol (TC)and triglyceride(TG) in serum were detected. Pathological changes of thoracic aorta were observed by HE staining. Immunohistochemy and Western blot were used to detect thoracic aorta VEGF protein expression. Results Combination group could lower fasting serum glucose and blood fat significantly, meanwhile the ac-tivity of CAT and GSH-Px in serum was improved. The expression of VEGF in thoracic aorta was repressed. The result of HE staining suggested that the lipid de-posits in aortic endothelium in combination group were lessthanthoseinthemodelgroup.Conclusions Ga-noderma lucidum polysaccharides combined with met-formin has an obvious prevention on pathological chan-ges of thoracic aorta in diabetic rats. The possible mechanism may be related to repressing oxidative stress of thoracic aorta, regulating the dyslipidemia, and the down regulation of the expression of VEGF in thoracic aorta.

Objective:To present evidence for the pathogenetic role of allergic factor,histamine,in type I allergy for induction of liver damage.Methods:Three groups of rabbits were fed normally and injected (iv) daily with 0, 0.04 or 0.08 ?g/kg phosphohistamine, respectively, for days. The serum level of ALT and AST in each group rabbits was assayed dynamically during the treatment. After treatment for days, the tested rabbits were sacrificed for pathological examination of the liver tissues.Results:The serum level of both ALT and AST in rabbits treated with phosphohistamine increased significantly during the tested periods, compared to that of the control group. However, both ALT and AST levels showed no significant difference between 0.04 ?g/kg and 0.08 ?g/kg groups. Liver microscopic examination, pathological damage could be observed in the tested groups in a time-and dose-dependent manner under microscopic examination. No evident pathological change appeared in the control group.Conclusion:Liver damage could be induced by histamine dosage-and time-dependently. This pathological action of histamine, a type I allergic factor, presents further evidence for a direct role of type I allergy in the pathogenesis hepatic injury.

Aim To discuss the effects and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and metformin on myocardial structure and hemodynamics in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods High fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of low dose streptozotocin 30 mg· kg -1 was applied to establish rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus .The diabetic rats were randomly into normal control group ,diabetes group , ganoderma lucid-um polysaccharides group (600 mg· kg -1 ) , metformin group ( 600 mg · kg -1 ) , combination group ( ganoder-ma lucidum polysaccharides 300 mg · kg -1 +metform-in 300 mg· kg -1 ) .After 12 weeks′treatment,the lev-els of fasting serum glucose were determined and the hemodynamic parameters (LVSP,LVEDP,dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax ) were determined.Collagen volume fraction ( CVF ) was detected by Van Gieson . Immunohisto-chemical method and Western blot were used to detect myocardial tissue MMP-2 protein expression .Results The fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased in the combined treatment group .Combined medication could significantly improve hemodynamic parameters in diabetic rats: reduced LVEP and raised LVEDP , dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax .CVF was significantly decreased in combination group .The expression of MMP-2 in my-ocardial tissue was significantly inhibited .Conclusions The combination of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccha-ride and metformin can significantly improve the hemo-dynamic parameters in type 2 diabetic rats, and have a preventive effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy . The mechanism may be related to the down regulation of the expression of MMP-2.

Animal medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine with a long application history in China. Systematically understanding the history of the development of animal medicine is of great significance to scientific protection and rational use of animal medicine resources. It has certain guiding significance to protection of wild resources, exploitation of new substitutes, standardization and summary of artificial breeding, and artificial reproduction technology. Taking the development of bezoar as an example, this article expounded the following four aspects:the development history of animal medicine, national animal protection, technical development, and prospect forecast by summarizing the Chinese ancient medical books and consulting the relevant laws and regulations. The entire above are about to offer new ideas for the sustainable development, the development of new medicine resources, and the development of animal medicine related preparation product.

This study was aimed to acquire the dynamic changes of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside of honeysuckle at different collecting periods in order to decide the best harvesting time of honeysuckle in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province. The content determination method used in the detection of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside of honeysuckle was from the 2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The skills of HPLC fingerprint characteristic features, and the yield of pressed flowers were combined in the evaluation of honeysuckle at the three-green period, two-white pe-riod, great-white period, silver-flower period and the golden-flower period. The results showed that the content of honeysuckle at different blossoming stages had obvious changes in content of chlorogenic acid and luteoloside, as well as the pressed flower quality and yield of the flower. It was concluded that the optimal harvest time of honey-suckle was for the two-white period and the great-white period, which was consistent with the real origin.