Objective To investigate the protective role of dexmedetomidine in rats with endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Forty-eight adult male SD rats were divided into four groups (n=12 each) according to the random number table: control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, dexmedetomidine (DEX) treatment group and DEX pretreatment group.ALI was induced in rats by femoral intravenous injection of LPS (8 mg/kg).Rats in DEX treatment group was given DEX (50 μg/kg) for 2 minutes via the femoral intravenous injection 0.5 hour after LPS injection, followed by maintenance pump injection of DEX (5 μg·kg-1·h-1).Analogously, rats in DEX pretreatment group was given DEX (50 μg/kg) for 2 min via the femoral intravenous injection 0.5 hour before LPS injection, followed by maintenance pump injection of DEX (5 μg·kg-1·h-1).By contrast, control group received the same amount of normal saline intravenously.All rats were sentenced to death and their carotid blood samples were collected6 hours after all injections.Superior lobe of the right lung was examined under light microscope and the histologic findings were tested using the difusse alveolar damage (DAD) score.Middle lobe of the right lung was used to calculate the lung tissue wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio.Samples of collected carotid blood were taken to measure levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage was collected to measure levels of TNF-α and IL-6.Results Lung tissue injury was obvious after LPS injection and DAS score was improved as well.However DEX therapy reduced the lung damage as well as the DAD score, especially obvious in DEX pretreatment group (P<0.05).W/D ratio was obviously increased in other three groups compared to control group, but further comparison showed that W/D ratio was lowered in DEX treatment and pretreatment groups compared to LPS group, especially obvious in DEX pretreatment group (P<0.05).Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were higher in other three groups than control group, but further comparison showed that levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased in DEX treatment and pretreatment groups compared to LPS group, especially obvious in DEX pretreatment group (P<0.05).Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF were higher in LPS and DEX treatment groups than control group and were higher in LPS group than DEX treatment(P<0.05).Further comparison showed level of TNF-α in BALF similar between DEX treatment and pretreatment groups (P>0.05), but IL-6 in BALF was significantly lower in DEX pretreatment group than DEX treatment group (P<0.05).Level of total protein in BALF was increased in LPS group compared to control group and was decreased in DEX treatment and pretreatment groups compared to LPS group, but there were no significant differences between DEX treatment and pretreatment groups (P>0.05).Conclusion Either preoperative injection of DEX or DEX treatment has protective effect in rats with LPS-induced ALI, while preoperative injection of DEX has been proved to be more effective.

Objective To determine the effect of deferoxamine administration on autophagy in a rat model of blast-induced brain injury.Methods Thirty-nine male SD rats were allotted to shamoperated group,injury group and deferoxamine group with 13 rats in each,according to the random number table.Feeney's method was applied to establish the model.Deferoxamine group received deferoxamine of 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally.Sham-operated and injury group were injected with saline intraperitoneally.All treatments were started two hours postinjury at 12 hour interval for up to 28 days.Hemoglobin,rectal temperature,blood glucose and mortality were detected at 1,3,7,14 and 28 days.Morris water maze was conducted.Rats were killed later for detecting the brain defect volume and level of Beclin 1 at the site of injury.Results There were no significant differences among the three groups with respect to hemoglobin,rectal temperature and blood glucose (P ＞ 0.05).Mortality in injury versus deferoxamine groups did not differ significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Volume of defected brain in deferoxamine group was (115.35 ± 13.70) mm3,smaller than (209.99 ± 16.70) mm3 in injury group (P ＜ 0.05).In Morris water maze test,the time spent in the searching the platform and latency to reach the platform were improved in deferoxamine group compared to those in injury group [(3.13 ± 0.35) vs (2.13 ± 0.64);(36.15 ± 26.63) s vs (110 ± 47.34) s respectively] (P ＜ 0.05).Both immunohistochemisty and western blot showed dramatically increased level of Beclin 1 after injury,but treatment with deferoxamine significantly reduced the Beclin 1 expression.Conclusion Level of Beclin 1 is significantly upregulated after blast-induced brain injury in rats,resulting in elevated autophagy postinjury,but the treatment with deferoxamine is neuroprotective possible by lessening autophagy damage.

OBJECTIVETo establish discriminant functions of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) by studying it from quantitative diagnosis angle, hoping to reduce interference of subjective factors in diagnosing and differentially diagnosing Chinese medical syndromes of IBS-D.

METHODSA Chinese medical clinical epidemiological survey was carried out in 439 IBS-D patients using Clinical Information Collection Table of IBS. Initial syndromes were obtained by cluster analysis. They were analyzed using step-by-step discrimination by taking information of four Chinese medical diagnostic methods and serum brain-gut peptides (BGP) as variables.

RESULTSClustering results were Gan stagnation Pi deficiency syndrome (GSPDS), Pi-Wei weakness syndrome (PWWS), Gan stagnation qi stasis syndrome (GSQSS), Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (PSYDS), Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PWDHS), cold-damp disturbing Pi syndrome (CDDPS). Of them, GSPDS was mostly often seen with effective percentage of 34. 2%, while CDDPS was the least often seen with effective percentage of 5.5%. A total of 5 discriminant functions for GSPDS, PWWS, GSQSS, PSYDS, and PWDHS were obtained by step-by-step dis- crimination method. The retrospective misjudgment rate was 4.1% (16/390), while the cross-validation misjudgment rate was 15.4% (60/390).

CONCLUSIONThe establishment of discriminant functions is of value in objectively diagnosing and differentially diagnosing Chinese medical syndromes of IBS-D.

Alarmins ; Brain ; Cluster Analysis ; Diarrhea ; classification ; diagnosis ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; classification ; diagnosis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Yang Deficiency

Objective By means of animal study,investigated the gut barrier function in severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP),and role of inflammatory factors releasing,gut mucosa oxidative stress,cell apoptosis in it.Methods The animal experiment was done in the animal center of first people' s hospital,shanghai jiaotong university.Twenty four BALB/c mice were randomized ( random number) divided into two groups with twelve mice each group.The SAP group,mice received six intraperitoneal injections of cerulein at 1-hour intervals, the dose was 50μg/kg, then given one intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide ( LPS from E.Coli) for the induction of severe acute pancreatitis.The control ( sham operation) group,the mice received intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml normal saline for six times at 1-hour intervals.All the animals of each group were averaged to two batches,4 h and 8h after being operated respectively,to be anesthetized and adopted blood and tissue specimen.Then we observed the pathological change of pancreas and gut,scored it.We measured the blood value of diamine oxidase ( DAO),amylase and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).We detected content of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione (GSH) and activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in gut mucosa.We detected the casepase-3 activity and cell apopotosis by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) in gut mucosa,and conculated the apopotosis index (AI).Then using the PASW 18.0 software,we analyzed the data by anova and t-test,to make sure if the values were statistically different between the two groups and the mechanism of gut barrier dysfunction in panreatitis.Results At 4 h and 8 h after operation,the SAP-group-mice had significantly higher pancreas pathological score (P ＜0.01 ),blood amylase value ( P ＜ 0.05 ),gut pathological score and blood DAO and TNF-α value ( P ＜0.01 ),compared with the contral-group-mice.The gut mucosa MDA content and XO activity of mice in SAP group were significantly higher than which in control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The SAP-group-mice had significantly lower gut mucosa SOD content ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and GSH content ( P ＜ 0.05 ),compared with the contral-group-mice.The gut mucosa cells of mice in SAP group had significantly higher caspase-3 activity and apoptosis index than which in control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions In severe acute pancreatitis,inflammatory factors such as TNF-αwere waterfall-style released,induced gut mucosa suffer from ischemia-reperfusion injury,then serious oxidative stress developed in mucosa and activated caspase-3 pathway,inducing gut mucosa cells apoptose seriously,which was an important mechanism of gut barrier dysfunction.

OBJECTIVETo observe the intervention and mechanism of Qushi Huayu Recipe (QHR) on gene expression profiles in high lipid diet induced fatty liver rats.

METHODSFatty liver model was prepared in 20 male SD rats using single high fat diet (88% common forage +2% cholesterol +10% lard). Four weeks after modeling they were divided into the model group and the QHR group according to random digit table, 10 in each group. QHR (at 0. 93 g crude drug/100 g body weight) and distilled water was respectively to rats in the QHR group and the model group by gastrogavage while modeling, once per day. Meanwhile, 10 SD male rats were recruited in a normal group, administered with equal volume of distilled water by gastrogavage. At the end of week 8 all rats were sacrificed, and blood and livers were collected for subsequent analysis. Contents of liver triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) , activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected using biochemical assay. Pathological changes of liver tissue were observed using H&E and oil red O stain. Liver gene expressions were detected by Affymetrix gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes were compared between the QHR group and the model group, functions of differentially expressed genes and signal pathways involved analyzed. Ten differentially expressed genes involved in glycolipid metabolism with fold change more than 2 were selected for verification by real-time PCR.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the normal group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and serum activities of ALT and AST obviously increased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and activities of ALT and AST obviously decreased in the QHR group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). QHR could reduce high fat induced fatty degeneration of liver cells , alleviate inflammation, and improve pathological changes of liver tissue. (2) Compared with the model group, there were 80 differentially expressed genes (with fold change > 2, P < 0.05) with clear functions and appointed gene names, including 44 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated genes. Eighty genes were involved in 27 signal pathways with statistical difference, including glycerolipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling pathway, insulin signal pathway, drug metabolism signal pathway, etc (P < 0.05). (3) RT-PCR results of 10 glycolipids metabolism regulating genes such as Gk, Scd1, Gpat2, G6pc, Irs1, and so on showed that all RT-PCR genes were completely coincide with up-regulated or down-regulated tendency in results of gene chips. 80% genes had approximate fold change.

CONCLUSIONQHR could regulate gene expressions related to fat metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, anti-lipid peroxidation, and drug metabolism in high fat diet induced fatty liver rats, and its comprehensive pharmacological actions could be manifested.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; metabolism ; Fatty Liver ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcriptome ; drug effects ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of automated classification of ICD-O-3 morphology code from pathology reports by text-mining and support vector machine ( SVM ) , in order to provide basis for automated tumor coding in Chinese. Methods: The tumor report cards of Zhejiang residents from 2017 to 2019 were collected from Chronic Disease Surveillance Information Management System of Zhejiang Province. According to ICD-O-3, the keywords of the pathology reports were extracted, and SVM was used for automatic classification. The classification results were compared with those of 16 professionals with more than two years of experience in tumor coding, and the accuracy rate, recall rate and F-score were calculated for effect evaluation. Results: Totally 83 082 cases from 2017 to 2019 were included and were categorized into 17 morphological classifications, with 52 877 ( 63.65% ) cases of adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma. A total of 1 090 keywords were enrolled into main corpus. The total F-score, accuracy rate and recall rate are 85.69, 77.20% and 96.27%, respectively. Conclusion Text-mining combined with SVM can improve the efficiency of ICD-O-3 morphology coding; however, the accuracy needs to be further improved.

This paper has introduced the terms, concept and characteristics of superfine comminution of traditional Chinese medicine. The progress in the study on the superfine comminution of the single drug and compound prescription was analyzed, and work principles of equipment in common use for superfine comminution were outlined. The future application of superfine comminution technique in traditional Chinese medicine was forecast and the problems that should be solved during the future research work were also pointed out in the paper.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Powders ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective To evaluate the correlation of maternal FTO expression and insulin secretion levels in pregnant women.Methods In outpatient of Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital,60 cases of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 60 cases of healthy pregnant women were recruited in this study from March 2016 to August 2016.Each pregnant woman was taken two tubes of venous blood.Lymphocytes was isolated from one tube of anticoagulated whole blood.The expression of FTO mRNA in lymphocytes was investigated using RT-PCR.Serum was isolated from another tube of non-anticoagulant whole blood.Its FTO protein was investigated using ELISA,insulin was investigated using chemiluminescence method,and GLU,CHO,TG,HDL-C and LDL-C were investigated by automatic biochemical analyzer.The correlation of the biochemical indicators were analyzed.Results The expression level of FTO mRNA,FTO protein,fasting glucose data,OGTT at 1 h and 2h glucose levels in the case group were 0.17 ％ ± 0.10 ％,61.32 ± 25.23 pg/ml,4.71 ±0.54 mmol/L,10.70±1.36 mmol/L and 8.97 ± 1.60 mmol/L respectively.The values of these biochemical indicators in control group were 0.11％±0.07％,51.47±22.97 pg/ml,4.41± 0.28 mmol/L,8.05±1.04 mmol/L and 6.56±0.75 mmol/L respectively.The differences were statistically significant (t =3.876,2.236,3.817,11.964 and 10.578,P＜0.05).The insulin levels were 6.83±9.76 mU/L in the case group,and 13.15±13.99 mU/L in control group.The differ ences was statistically significant too(t=-2.869,P＜0.05).FTO expression level was positively correlated with FTO protein,OGTT 1h glucose and OGTT 2h glucose levels (r=0.232,0.292,0.242,all P＜0.05),and it was negatively correlated with insulin levels(r=-0.185,P＜0.05).There was no correlation between FTO and fasting glucose expression levels (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The expression of FTO level in pregnant women with GDM was higher than that in healthy pregnant women.The relative expression of FTO mRNA was negatively correlated with insulin.And the regulation of glucose metabolism might be effected by insulin.

AIM:To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy of Shotfile software for the myopia patients with presbyopia.METHODS:A total of 43 cases (82 eyes) over the age of 35 myopia patients were treated with laser corneal surgery in our hospital,added Shotfile software at the same time,and followed up for 3a.The uncorrected visual acuity(the distance and near vision),diopter change and visual satisfaction rate were observed at 1,2 and 3a after operation.RESULTS:At 1a after operation,there were 81 eyes (99％) with the uncorrected distance visual acuity reached the preoperative best corrected visual acuity,and 75 eyes (91％) with the uncorrected near visual acuity above 0.66,the average value of the spherical equivalent was (-0.64±0.63)D,the overall satisfaction rate was 91％.At 2a after operation,there were 79 eyes (96％) with the uncorrected distance visual acuity reached the preoperative best corrected visual acuity,and 69 eyes (84％) with the uncorrected near visual acuity above 0.66,the average value of the spherical equivalent was (-0.62±0.59) D,the overall satisfaction rate was 86％.At 3a after operation,There were 77 eyes (94％) with the uncorrected distance visual acuity reached the preoperative best corrected visual acuity,and 62 eyes (76％) with the uncorrected near visual acuity above 0.66,the average value of the spherical equivalent was (-0.55 ± 0.56) D,the overall satisfaction rate was 81％.Intraoperative or postoperative serious complications were not found in all the cases,1 eye of spherical equivalent with-10.0D was found-1.75D back after 1a,respected the willingness of patient for the second correction.CONCLUSION:Shotfile software for the patients myopia with presbyopia is safe and stable in the long-term clinical treatment,and the patient satisfaction is higher,but the near visual ability of some patients may be weakened with the prolongation of time,preoperative communication with patients should be fully.

AIM:To observe the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on brain injury in hypoxic mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control (C) group, hypoxia (H) group,2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 30 min + hypoxia(S1+H) group,2% sevoflurane preconditioning for 60 min+hypoxia (S2+H) group and 4% sevoflurane preconditioning for 30 min + hypoxia(S3+H) group. The hypoxia model was established by continuous inhalation of(6.5±0.1)% O2for 24 h. The sevoflurane preconditioning treatments,S1,S2 and S3,were conducted by inhalation of 2% sevoflurane for 30 min,2% sevoflurane for 60 min and 4% sevoflurane for 30 min,respectively,with the carrier of(21.0±0.5)% O2,followed by washout for 15 min and then hypoxia treatment. The histological changes of the hippocampal CA1 area were observed under light microscope and transmission electron micro-scope(TEM),and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured by colorimetric method. Furthermore, the protein levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in brain tissue homogenate were ex-amined by ELISA,and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and gluta-thione peroxidase(GPx) were measured by microplate reader. RESULTS:After hypoxia for 24 h,cell edema or pyknosis in the hippocampal CA1 area was observed in H group. Sevoflurane preconditioning reduced hypoxic injury, and the cell ultrastructure under TEM was significantly improved in S2+H group. Compared with C group,the serum LDH activity and the levels of EPO,VEGF and MDA in brain tissues were significantly increased in H group,while the activity of SOD and GPx decreased. After sevoflurane pretreatment,the serum LDH activity and the levels of EPO and VEGF in brain tissues were lower than those in H group,and the most significant difference was observed in S2+H group. Moreover, the MDA content and SOD activity decreased,and the GPx activity increased in the sevoflurane preconditioning groups. CONCLU-SION:Sevoflurane preconditioning attenuates brain injury in hypoxic mice by regulating antihypoxic protein synthesis and reducing oxidative stress.