Objective: To study the relationship between negative behavior of preschool children and behavior of their mothers. Method.. 742 mothers of children in their 3 ～ 6 year old age were tested by self- made questionnaire. Results: Negative behavior was not significantly related to age and gender of children. It was negatively related to maternal supporting behavior and positively to maternal un- supporting behavior. The culture background (urban/rural), family income and mother' s occupation were found to be important factors mediating maternal un- supporting behavior. Conclusion: Negative behavior of preschool children is influenced by mother' s behavior, which in turn has its cultural - economical background.

Objective:To investigate the routine maintenance and inspection methods of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment, reduce the failure rate and improve the image quality, and ensure the normal operation of medical image diagnostic equipment.Methods:According to the characteristics of the equipment, to make maintenance inspection goals and complete the daily management of MRI equipment. According to the medical equipment management system requirements, to establish and maintain records to provide data to meet the requirements and the effective operation of quality management system, and to record the data for each equipment for continuity and traceability.Results: There are the potential problems through the management and analysis of MRI equipment data. And the problems were timely solved to make the device operate steady. It’s easy to get a clear and reliable image and to provide an objective and true diagnostic basis for clinical.Conclusion: The routine maintenance and inspection of MRI equipment is an indispensable and important work in medical engineering.

Objective To understand the current situation of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO)infection in hospitalized patients in a tertiary first-class hospital,as well as efficacy of bundle intervention measures on preven-tion and control of infection. Methods Hospitalized patients who were infected with MDROs in this hospital during 2012-2014 were monitored and conducted bundle intervention. Results In 2012-2014,a total of 1909 MDRO strains were isolated. The isolation rates of MDROs in 2012-2014 were 30.69% ,31 .04% ,and 29.40% respec-tively,bedside intervention rates were 81 .02% ,92.05% ,and 94.23% respectively,implementation rates of clinical isolation were 69.97% ,82.98% ,and 93.04% respectively;MDRO isolation rates during 2012-2014 were not sig-nificantly different(P>0.05);bedside intervention rates and implementation rates of clinical isolation were both sig-nificantly different(both P<0.05). The top 3 isolated MDROs in 2012-2014 were extended-spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli,multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,and ESBLs-producing Klebsiel-lapneumoniae. Conclusion Bundle intervention measures,such as multi-department collaboration and strengthened on-site supervision,can promote more standardized management of healthcare-associated infection,enhance the im-plementation rate of clinical isolation,and effectively prevent and control the spread of MDRO in hospital.

Since portal vein arterialization(PVA) was firstly introduced as a treatment in patients with portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis, the concept of PVA has drawn much attention. In special situations, in hepatobiliary surgery, this procedure remains useful. However, PVA is unphysiological and there is much controversy on its use.This article reviews the current status of PVA in hepatic artery resection or injury, in acute liver failure and in liver transplantation, and suggests future directions in research in PVA.

The Medical Care Act of Japan has undergone five major revisions since it went into effect in 1947. Each revision has been designed to target and tackle main problems found in the medical and health sector in the country. These problems range from the making of regional healthcare plans to the establishment of the hospital with specific functions, from the division of rehabilitation beds to the establishment of nursing insurance scheme, from the birth of medical corporations to the establishment of social medical corporations, and from strengthening of non-profit nature of medical institutions to the construction of medical information system. These efforts were made to provide a safe and convenient health service for the Japanese people. These revisions are closely related to hospital management, and its experiences prove useful for the health reform in China.

The clinician training system in Japan is different from that in China as their medical students are allowed to take medical doctor examination immediately following their graduation.But they must undergo at least two years of training in basic clinical knowledge and skills prior to taking any clinical practice.This training system is inspirational for us as follows:China should include standardized training of residents into the law of medical practitioners,and medical graduates must take two years of knowledge training in full medicine before they are qualified for clinical practice.On top of this training,they need to undergo at least three years of specialized doctor training,making them competent clinicians with comprehensive knowledge coverage and outstanding skills in specific areas following such staged training.

For medical insurance systems, medical expense examination is a key measure to keep medical expenses under control. In 1948, Japan established an examination authority of legal person status to operate the medical expense examination. Based on years of modifications and improvement in the organizational system and operation mechanism, the system is running smoothly by now. Authors of this paper made a detailed introduction to the specific operations of such a system, and to China's local features as well. On such basis, the study proposed to build in China a third-party medical expense examination institution as a legal entity, and practice the reexamination system and information disclosure system, in an effort to safeguard legitimate rights of insurance organizations and medical institutions.

Hepatic fibrosis is a wound-healing re-sponse to all kinds of chronic liver injury, which if persistent can lead to cirrhosis. Once develops to cirrhosis, the only ef-fective therapy will be liver transplantation. In recent years,many scholars have taken all kinds of methods to try to pre-vent liver fibrosis developing to cirrhosis. As auto adult stem cell possesses multi-directional differentiation and none reject reaction advantages, it has become the study hotspot of nu-merous researches for hepatic fibrosis therapy and acquired significant progression.

DNA ; chemistry ; Genes ; Genes, erbB-2 ; Humans ; Pathology ; trends

Objective To study and analyze the efficacy and safety of caspofungin in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicated with pulmonary fungal infections.Methods 62 patients of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary fungal infec-tions were randomly divided into study group and control group,31 cases in each group.Study group was intravenously given caspofungin,with an initial dose of 70mg/d,follow 50mg/d.The control group was intravenously given liposomal amphotericin B,dose control in 3mg? kg-1 ? d-1 .After treatment lasted symptoms 5d,clinical efficacy and side effects of two groups were recorded.Results The effective rate of the study group was 67.74%,which was signifi-cantly higher than 41.93% of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 =2.0251, P =0.0429).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the study group was 16.13%,which was significantly lower than 48.39% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =2.6948,P =0.0070).After treatment, liver and kidney function parameters in the control group such as ALT,AST,BUN,Cr had significant differences com-pared with before treatment (P <0.05).Conclusion For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients complicated with acute exacerbation of pulmonary fungal infection,the treatment efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions of caspofungin therapy are significantly better than liposomal amphotericin B,and has small renal damage,which is wor-thy of clinical application.