Animals ; Cardiac Electrophysiology ; Heart Atria ; innervation ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Vagus Nerve ; physiology

Objective To study cost-effectiveness of primary cerebral infarction patients. Methods The neural function of primary cerebral infarction patients was studied by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) with rank test and multiple regression analysis. Results After treatment in hospitals of different grades, no obvious difference was detected in the NIHSS score, but difference was found in therapy cost and therapy time; the NIHSS score and therapy time of primary cerebral infarction patients in different attack positions were obviously different, but therapy cost had no significant statistical difference. The NIHSS score of primary cerebral infarction patients with different treatments was obviously different, but therapy cost and therapy time was not. Conclusions Patients are advised to choose grade hospitals in nearby cities for treatment. Clinician are expected to choose low-cost treatment plan to relieve patients' economic burden.

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of hand-foot-mouth dis-ease(HFMD)outbreaks in kindergartens,so as to provide reference for control and prevention of HFMD. Methods Papers published between 2009 and 2015 about HFMD outbreaks in kindergartens were retrieved from Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),then collected papers were analyzed. Results Data about 39 cases of HFMD outbreaks were obtained,35 cases occurred in 2008-2012,1 case occurred respectively in 2007,2013,2014,and 2015. 33.34% and 23.08% of outbreaks occurred in May and April. Out-breaks lasted 5-52 days,with a median of 11 days,30.77% of outbreaks lasted more than 2 weeks. The attack rates of the whole kindergartens were 1.90% -39.74% ,attack rates of whole kindergartens were 5% -15% a-mong 65.79% of outbreaks,attack rate of whole kindergartens was >20% among 13.16% of outbreaks. 85.71%of outbreaks involved more than 20% of classes,25.71% of which involved all classes. Both EV71 and CoxA16 caused HFMD outbreaks in kindergartens,two kinds of viruses were both detected in some outbreaks;there were no significant difference in attack rate of whole kindergartens,attack rate of classes with highest incidence,class in-volving rate,and duration of epidemic between EV71 and CoxA16 epidemic groups(all P>0.05).Conclusion Once an HFMD outbreak occurred in a kindergarten,epidemic intensity would be high,both EV71 and CoxA16 can cause HFMD outbreak. There is no obvious correlation between class size and attack rate.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupoint application at different groups of acupoints in treating bronchial asthma in remission stage. Methods:A total of 120 patients with bronchial asthma in remission stage were recruited and divided by the random number table method into acupoint application group 1, acupoint application group 2 and acupoint application group 3, with 40 cases in each group. In all the three groups, Tiantu (CV 22), Dazhui (GV 14) and Feishu (BL 13) were selected, with Dingchuan (EX-B 1) added in acupoint application group 1, Shenshu (BL 23) added in acupoint application group 2, and Gaohuang (BL 43) added in acupoint application group 3. Before intervention, one month and 3 months after intervention, clinical symptoms, peak expiratory flow (PEF) andforced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage of predicted value (FEV1％) of the three groups were observed, and their clinical efficacies were evaluated. Results: Comparing the therapeutic efficacy regarding traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and signs, after 1-month treatment, the total effective rate was 87.5％ in acupoint application group 1, versus 62.5％ in acupoint application group 2 and 55.0％ in acupoint application group 3, and the between-group differences were statistically significant. After 3-month treatment, the total effective rate was 95.0％ in acupoint application group 1, versus 70.0％ in acupoint application group 2 and 65.0％ in acupoint application group 3, and the between-group differences were statistically significant. After intervention, the three groups all showed significant improvements in pulmonary function with statistical significance; among the three groups, the improvement in acupoint application group 1 was more significant than that in the other two groups. Conclusion: Tiantu (CV 22), Dazhui (GV 14) and Feishu (BL 13) as basic prescription plus Dingchuan (EX-B 1) can improve symptoms of bronchial asthma in remission stage, and it works better in improving pulmonary function than the basic prescription plus Shenshu (BL 23) or Gaohuang (BL 43).

Objective To explore the correlation between plantar pressure and walking function in hemiplegic stroke patients.Methods Thirty hemiplegic patients with stroke (a hemiplegic group) and thirty age-matched healthy persons (a control group) were recruited.Gait and balance function training and assessment system (model:AL-600) were used to quantify the walking velocity,peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods and displacement of center of pressure (DCOP) of all subjects during walking.The asymmetry of gait was calculated.Two independent sample t-test were used to compare the walking velocity,peak plantar pressure and DCOP for the two groups.Pearson correlation coefficients were applied to analyze the correlation between the walking velocity and peak plantar pressure and DCOP.Results The walking velocity,the peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods and DCOP of the hemiplegic group were significantly lower than the control group.In the hemiplegic group,the asymmetry of peak plantar pressure and DCOPx significantly increased,while that of DCOPy became bigger without significant difference.Moreover,the walking capacity of the hemiplegic group was positively correlated with the peak plantar pressure and DCOP.Conclusion Among hemiplegic stroke patients,both the peak plantar pressure at heel-strike and push-off periods lower in a way.Their capacity of weight transfer decreases,which is closely related to their walking velocity.

Objective To observe whether hepatitis B vaccine enhance the treating effect of cyto-kine induced kill(CIK) cells on hepatitis B virus transgenic(HBV-Tg) mice. Methods The HBV-Tg mice were treated with CIK cells by peritoneal injection and hepatitis B vaccine by hypodermic injection. The HBV DNA level were tested by real-time PCR,T lymphocyte subgroup were detected by flow cytometry and the pathological diversify of hepatic tissue were observed by HE staining. Results The HBV DNA loading in peripheral blood of HBV-Tg mice decreased after CIK cells were treated and CD3~+ , CD4~+ and CD8~+ cells increased which were enhanced after CIK cells combined with hepatitis B vaccine. Conclusion Hepa-titis B vaccine enhanced the treating effect of CIK on HBV-Tg mice which may be implemented by increased the blood level of CD3~+, CD4~+ and CD8~+ cells, especially CD8~+ cells level.

Objective To explore any correlation between gait asymmetry and the balance of hemiplegic stroke survivors.Methods Thirty patients with hemiplegia caused by stroke but who could walk more than 10 metres independently were recruited as the experimental group; 30 age-matched healthy elderly people served as the control group.An AL-600 gait analyzer was used to quantify the spatial and temporal gait parameters of all subjects.Gait asymmetry ratios were calculated.The 30 stroke patients were also assessed with the Berg balance scale (BBS).Two independent sample t-tests were used to compare the step length asymmetry (SLA),swing time asymmetry (SWTA) and STA (stance time asymmetry) ratios for the two groups and their average step widths.Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated relating the SLA,SWTA,STA,step width and BBS results.Results Among the experimental group,swing time and step length on the affected side were significantly different from the unaffected side,and stance time on the affected side was significantly shorter.The control group showed no such significant differences.All of the experimental group's average asymmetry ratios were significantly greater than those of the control group,as was their step width.Step width and BBS score were negative correlated,but step width was positively correlated with the step length and swing time asymmetry ratios.BBS scores were negatively correlated with the step length and swing time asymmetry ratios.Stance time asymmetry and step width showed no significant correlation with the BBS scores.Conclusion The gait of hemiplegic stroke patients is both spatially and temporally asymmetric,and a certain correlation exists between the degree of asymmetry and balance function.

Objective To investigate the effect of hosphocreatine therapy on the plasma cardiotrophin-1(CT-1) and N terminal probrain natriuretic (NT-proBNP) in elderly hypertensive patients with heart failure. Methods A total of 76 hy-pertensive patients with heart failure, aged 65 or over, were randomly divided into treatment group and control group (n=38 for each group). The control group received routine anti-heart failure treatment. The treatment group received conventional therapy plus creatine phosphate sodium for 2 weeks. The plasma levels of CT-1 and NT-proBNP were determined in two groups. The plasma CT-1 level was measured by a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The plasma level of NT-proBNP was tested by Rui Pu fluorescent dry quantitative analyzer. Results The plasma levels of CT-1 and NT-proBNP were significantly lower after treatment in two groups (P＜0.01). The plasma levels of CT-1 and NT-proBNP were significantly decreased in treatment group than those in control group (P＜0.05). The total effective rate was 89.47%in treatment group, which was significantly higher than that of control group (71.05%, P＜0.05). Symptoms of heart failure improved in one week (21 cases in treatment group/9 cases in control group) and in two weeks (13 cases in treatment group/18 cases in control group). Conclusion The conventional therapy plus creatine phosphate sodium can decrease the plasma CT-1 and NT-proBNP levels in elderly hypertensive patients with heart failure, which improves symptoms of heart failure in a shorter period of time.

BACKGROUND:Foreign scholars have obtained a success to cure fracture by implanting the complex of red bone marrow and formation factor.Due to the in vitro culture process is not necessary,the complex of red bona marrow and scaffold formation factor is only required to be implant immediately,called uncellular tissue engineered bone.OBJECTIVE:This study innovatively constructs uncellular tissue engineered bone with autologous red bone marrow wrapped by fascial flap with pedicle,and validates the superiority of repairing bone defects.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Homebody controlled animal experiment was performed in the Hebei North University and the Experiment Center of the Affiliated Hospital to Hebei North University from December 2007 to February 2009.MATERIALS:A total of 24 News Zealand albino rabbits,aged 4-5 months; uncellular tissue engineered bone was a mixture of autologous red bone marrow and osteoinductive absorbing materials containing bone morphogenetic proteins.METHODS:Bone defect models were induced on adult New Zealand rabbits' right radial bone,left side served as control group,only implanted with osteoinductive absorbing materials complex,while right side served as experiment group,which contained fascial flap with pedicle.A fascial flap prepared with capillary network containing nameless blood vessel pedicle was located to be adjacent to the bone defect using micro-surgical technique,to wrap the tissue engineered bone and to fill the bone defect.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 4,8,12,16 weeks postoperation,six rabbits were tested by radiograph,spectrodensitometry,gross morphology observation,histological inspection,quantitative analysis of bone morphometry in bone defect area and analysis of vessels image in the junctional zone.RESULTS:①X-ray determination:At 16 weeks,the implant surrounding bone defects formed bone shaft structure in the control group,cortical bone was not continuous and medullary cavity was obstructed; in the experiment group,normal bone shaft structure was formed and recanalization of medullary cavity was observed.②Histological observation:At 16 weeks,few vessels grew into implant in the control group,mature bone trabecular were observed,and medullary cavity was obstructed; in the experiment group,the implanting materials were completely degraded and substituted by new bone,mature bone structure formed and recanalization of medullary cavity was observed.③Quantitative analysis of bone morphometry in bone defect area:At 4,8,12,16 weeks postoperation,the volume of bone trabecula in the experiment group was more than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).④Analysis of vessels image in the junctional zone:The area of vessels in the unit area in the experiment group was greater than that in control group in every time stage (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The uncellular tissue engineering complex constructed by autologous red bone marrow wrapped by fascial flap with pedicle shows double effects of hymeno-inducing regeneration of bone and the vascularization.It is feasible to repair large-segment bone defects.It has obvious therapeutic effect in the aspects such as reducing the bone defect reparation time and advancing the quantity and quality of the bone generation.

Medical education should combine clinical professional skills with humanities skills,integrate humanities knowledge into vocational education.Taking 2008 grade seven-year program clinical medicine students in the 2nd affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University as fostering object,we made researches into students' understanding of doctor-patient relationship before practice and their mastering of skills.Through conducting questionnaire,we got to know the effect of humanities practice skill training for seven-year program clinical medicine students.Meanwhile,we compared students' self evaluation results before and after training,discussed on how to improve medical students' communication skills,cultural skills and the reform direction in an aim to guide students to transit from students to clinical doctor.