Purpose To evaluate papillary muscle function in ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) with two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) and three-dimensional ultraphonic technology,and to investigate the primary factors influencing IMR so as to provide clinical information for the prediction of IMR.Materials and Methods Seventy-six IMR patients were enrolled as research group and other 66 healthy volunteers as control group.Two groups were both examined by transthoracic echocardiography and 2D-STI.The parameters including fractional shortening of anterior and posterior papillary muscles (AFS,PFS),length of anterior or posterior papillary muscle tips to contralateral anterior mitral annular (APM-AMA,PPM-AMA),mitral leaflet closure (MLC),inter distance papillary muscle (IPMD),the angle between the anterior papillary muscle and the anterior LV free wall (Ang Ⅰ) and the angle between the posterior papillary muscle and the anterior LV free wall (Ang Ⅱ),anterior and posterior papillary muscle longitudinal strain (ALS,PLS) and peak time (APT,PPT),delay time (DT),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDD),left ventricular end-diastole volume (LVEDV),and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were compared.Results Compared with control group,LVIDD,LVEDV,LVEF,AFS,PFS,IPMD,MLC,ALS,PLS and DT in research group were all significantly different (all P＜0.05).ALS,PLS,AFS,and PFS had positive correlation with LVEF (P＜0.05) and negative correlation with LVEDV (P＜0.05).MLC,IPMD,DT had negative correlation with LVEF (P＜0.05).ALS,PLS,MLC,AFS,PFS,IPMD were significantly correlated with Gensini score (r=-0.65,-0.78,0.54,-0.51,-0.57,0.49,respectively,P＜0.05).The multivariant Logistic regression analysis showed that IMR was correlated with IPMD,MLC,PLS and DT (OR=1.26,1.32,1.37,1.52,respectively,P＜0.05).Conclusion 2D-STI can accurately evaluate the papillary muscle dysfunction caused by myocardial ischemia.Moreover,the risk factors of IMR include increase of IPMD and MLC,decrease of PLS,and desynchronization of papillary muscles.These findings contribute to the clinical prediction of IMR.

Objective To investigate papillary muscle function and construction in myocardial infarction(MI) patients by two-dimensional speckles tracking imaging(2D-STI),and to analyze the influence factors of ischemic mitral regurgitation.Methods Fifty myocardial infarction with ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR) patients were brought into case group.The patients were divided into two groups:Ant MI group and Inf-Pos-MI group.Forty-five health volunteers were involved as control group.Anterior,posterior papillary muscle longitudinal strain (ALS,PLS),delay time(DT),fractional shortening (FS),length between the posterior or anterior papillary muscle tips and the contralateral anterior mitral annualr (APM AMA,PPM AMA),mitral leaflet closure (MLC),inter distance papillary muscle (IPMD) were aquired respectively.Papillary muscle function and construction among the groups were compared,and the effective factors of IMR were evaluated.Results Between the control group and Ant-MI group,the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume(LVEDV,LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),ALS,delay time(DT),A FS,IPMD,MLC,APM-AMA,PPM-AMA were significantly different(all P ＜0.05).Between the control group and Inf-Pos-MI group the LVEDD,LVEDV,LVESV,EF,DT,PPM-AMA,MLC,PLS,P-FS were significantly different(P ＜0.05).Between the Ant-MI group and Inf-Pos-MI group,the LVEDD,LVEDV,LVESV,EF,MLC,ALS,PPM-AMA,PLS were significantly different (all P ＜ 0.05).In the Ant-MI group,LVEDV,ALS,MLC were significantly correated with Gensini score(r =0.71,-0.65,0.56;P ＜0.05).In the Inf-Pos-MI group,PPM AMA,PLS were significantly correated with Gensini score(r =0.65,-0.76;P ＜0.05).In the Ant MI group and Inf-Pos-MI group,the ALS,PLS,PPM-AMA were significantly different (P ＜ 0.05).Its correlates in Logistic analysis of Ant-MI group included LVEDV,MLC,DT with OR 1.48,1.72,1.54(P ＜0.05),respectively.Its correlates in logistic analysis of Inf Pos-MI group included PLS,PPM-AMA,DT with OR 1.78,1.57,1.56 (P ＜0.05),respectively.Conclusions There are different extent of damage of papillary muscle function and construction in Ant-MI group and Inf-Pos-MI group.The increases of LVEDV and MLC and desynchronization of PMs are risk factors of IMR in Ant-MI group.The increases of PMP-AMA,decrease PLS and desynchronization of PMs are risk factors of IMR inInf-Pos-MI group.

Drug Combinations ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Investigational ; Humans

0.97).The method of Real-time PCR and molecular beacon detection for bifodobacteria has many advantages,such as being sensitive,specific,simple and fast,and this method can be used in situ detection of bifidobacteria quantitatively.

Exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells have shown great therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine .In this study, we performed meta-analysis to assess the clinical effectiveness of using exosomes in ischemia /reperfusion injury based on the reports pub-lished between January 2000 and September 2015 and indexed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases .The effect of exosomes on heart function was evaluated according to the following parameters:the area at risk as a percentage of the left ventricle , infarct size as a percentage of the area at risk , infarct size as a percentage of the left ventricle , left ventricular ejection fraction , left ventricular frac-tion shortening , end-diastolic volume , and end-systolic volume .Our analysis indicated that the currently available evidence confirmed the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-secreted exosomes in the improvement of heart function .However , further mechanis-tic studies, therapeutic safety and clinical trials are required for optimization and validation of this approach to cardiac regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion injury .

·AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide(TA) as treatment for macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion(RVO).·METHODS: The study group consisting 30 patients (30 eyes) with RVO combined with macular edema received intravitreal 4mg TA. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), examination with slit-lamp microscope, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography(OCT) were observed during the follow-up. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 12.0 software.·RESULTS: The visual acuity(VA) of all patients was significantly improved and the central macular thickness (CMT) was significantly relieved. There was no correlation between course, age, CMT before injection and the type of RVO. There was positive correlation between visual acuity before injection and after injection.·CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of TA is an easy-operated and safe therapy. After injection, macular edema can be rapidly relieved. VA at baseline is the predictor for the prognosis of VA. Some patients experience recurrence of macular edema between 3 to 6 months after injection.

Objective To compare large dose or conventional dose of budesonide/formoterol fumarate powder in treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods 120 patients with stable COPD from March 2015 to March 2016 in Jiaxing Second hospital were selected,were treated with budesonide/formoterol,and were divided into the conventional dose group and high dose groupaccording to different doses,60 cases in each group.Pulmonary function tests,CAT Chinese version scale assessment and 6 min walking distance(6MWD)test were performed before and after treatment,and adverse reactions and acute attack were observed.Results FEV1/FVC and FEV1％were significantly improved after treatment in the two groups,and those in the high dose group were significantly better than those in the conventional dose group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),CAT score and 6MWD were significantly improved after treatment in the two groups,and those in the high dose group were significantly higher than those in the conventional dose group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),adverse reactions such as palpitations,tachycardiain the high dose group were significantly higher than those in the conventional dose group,while the acute attack rate was significantly lower than that of the conventional dose group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion High dose of budesonide/formoterol inhalation in the treatment of patients with stable COPD powder can improve the pulmonary function and health status,but adverse reactions increase.

Since the 1980s, indications for resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma have progressively improved. Operation is superior to any other therapeutic modalities with regard to survival rate and quality of life. Currently, hepatic lobectomy, extended hepatic lobectomy, extrahepatic bile duct resection, regional lymphadenectomy and Roux-en-Y hepatoenteric jejunos-tomy are recommended as the treatment of choice for most patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, controversy still remains regarding the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, including the assessment of longitudinal tumor extension, the evaluation of hepatic reserve function, the value of biliary drainage, the indication of portal vein emboliza-tion, the range of hepatic resection, the contribution of com-bined vascular resection, and the effectiveness of liver transplan-tation. This article summarizes these main issues requiring further investigation.

With the increase in population and depletion of resources, the wild resources of Chinese materia medica are not enough to meet the demand of human, so the cultivated resources become a major source, resulting in severe degradation of herbal medicine quality. It poses a serious threat to traditional Chinese medicine with thousands of years of history. The cultivation is the most basic and effective means to solve the shortage of resources, and improving the quality of the cultivated medicinal materials is the key to deal with this problem. In this paper, the current production and developments of herbal medicine were discussed, the problems of blindly expanding planting area, lack of enough attention to germ plasm resource and advanced production technology were prevalent. The idea of improving the quality and yield of cultivated medicinal materials was put forward. On the premise of improving the quality and yield of medicinal materials, the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials should optimize the planting area, standardize the cultivation of fine high-quality germplasm, improve the production technology of high-quality medicinal materials, and expand the application market of Chinese materia medica to expand Chinese traditional culture.

The origin place and quality of the traditional medicinal materials have been revolutionized in the last hundred years. The cultivated one, loom larger and larger, have become popular, with a result of declined quality, varied origin place, lack of criterion to measure quality, and confused definition usage, etc. The famous-region drug, with a high quality, should be defined not only as the origin place, but also as specific germplasm, ecological condition, and modes of production. On the basis of defining the concept of genuine medicinal materials, optimizing germplasm resources and origin place and strengthening the research of quality formation would be a main route to improve the quality of cultivated medicinal materials and promote the healthy development of traditional Chinese medicine industry.