A canine distemper virus strain was isolated from the lung of dog coming from Aksu in Xing Jiang using lung primary M cell during the CDV molecular epidemiological study. It was demonstrated to be a virulent strain of CDV by a series of systematic identification such as morphology , serology neutralization test, canine infection test, and molecular virology test.

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a new class of therapeutics composed of a monoclonal antibody and small cytotoxin moieties conjugated through a chemical linker. ADC molecules bind to the target antigens expressed on the tumor cell surfaces guided by the monoclonal antibody component. The binding ADC molecules can be internalized and subsequently the toxin moieties can be released within the tumor cells via chemical and/or enzymatic reactions to kill the target cells. The conjugation combines the merits of both components, i.e., the high target specificity of the monoclonal antibody and the highly potent cell killing activity of the cytotoxin moieties. However, such complexities make the pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of ADCs highly challenging. The major challenges should include characterization of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, investigation of underlying mechanisms, assessment of pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic relationship, and analytical method development of ADC drugs. This review will discuss common pharmacokinetic issues and considerations, as well as tools and strategies that can be utilized to characterize the pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties of ADCs.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacokinetics ; Cytotoxins ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; pharmacokinetics ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

The paper analyzes the application scenarios of the information systems in large grade A class 3 hospitals by referring to domestic and overseas experience and standards,classifies and quantifies the demands for the business continuity of the Hospital Information System (HIS),and studies the technical schemes applicable for hospitals based on the core elements of the disaster recovery capability of the information system,including backup infrastructures,backup network,backup data processing system,data backup and protection,etc.

OBJECTIVETo summarize our experience on the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic serous cystadenoma.

METHODData from 20 patients with pancreatic serous cystadenoma in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1994 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSUltrasound test was a good choice for primary diagnosis, while computed tomography scan and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were better choice for the suspected cases. Most tumors (60%) were located in the body and tail of pancreas. The distal pancreatectomy was the commonest operation procedure. The main complications were pancreatic leakage (35%). The symptoms were resolved after surgical treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe treatment of pancreatic serous cystadenoma depends on the accurate diagnosis. Ultrasound and computed tomography are useful diagnostic methods. Surgical operation is the treatment of choice. Long-term follow-up has shown satisfactory outcomes if the tumors are resected completely.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cystadenoma, Serous ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of perioperative nutrition support on nutritional condition and complications of the patients with postoperative pancreatic head cancer.

METHODSThirty four patients received perioperative nutrition support, including enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition (treatment group). Forty eight patients received routine postoperative parenteral nutrition (control group). According to the operative method, these two groups were further divided into two sub-groups: (1) pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) subgroup, including 13 cases from treatment group, and 24 cases from control group; (2) palliative operation subgroup, including 21 cases from treatment group, and 24 cases from control group. Body weight, total protein (TP), serum albumin (ALB), and the complications after operation were compared.

RESULTSThe concentrations of ALB and TP in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P< 0.05). Body weight and TP of the patients received PD in the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPerioperative nutrition support can improve postoperative nutritional condition and reduce the postoperative complications in patients with pancreatic head cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Support ; methods ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; therapy ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control

This study was purposed to investigate the clinical efficiencies and adverse reactions of treating the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by using decitabine. The clinical data of 12 MDS and AML patients treated with decitabine were analyzed retrospectively. Among 12 patients there were 1 case of MDS-RA, 2 cases of MDS-RAEB-I, 3 cases of MDS-RAEB-II, 2 cases of AML-M4, 2 cases of AML-M5, 1 case of AML-M6 and 1 case of AML-M0. In decitabine chemotherapy program for 5 days (n = 8), decitabine 20 mg/(m(2)·d) × 5 days was applied, 4 weeks for 1 cycle; in program for 3 days (n = 2), decitabine 15 mg/m(2), once 8 h for 3 days, 6 weeks for 1 cycle; another program (n = 2), decitabine 20 mg/(m(2)·d) every other day for 5 times. For 1 patient achieved complete remission (CR) after treatment with decitabine, ID4 gene methylated level was detected by MS-PCR and ML-PCR before and after treatment. The results showed that 2 cases achieved CR, 1 case partial remission, 5 cases stable disease, 1 case progress of disease and 3 cases died. Disease control rate was 66.67% (8/12), the effective rate 25% (3/12). The average survival time was (11.5 ± 2.1) months. 1-year OS rate was 40%, 2-year OS rate was 16.7%. MS-PCR detection showed that the decitabine could significantly reduce the ID4 gene methylation level. It is concluded that decitabine can stabilize disease status of MDS patients, reduce blood transfusion dependence and improve the life quality of patients, and even some patients who transformed from MDS to leukemia achieved CR after treatment with decitabine. Decitabine can reduce the ID4 gene methylation level. The main adverse reaction of decitabine was myelosuppression, infection and so on. So the blood transfusions, antibiotics and other supportive treatments for these patients are needed. Most of patients well tolerate the adverse effects of decitabine after active symptomatic and supportive treatment. The efficacy and survival rate of patients in this study were similar to that of application of decitabine to treat MDS in other domestic studies.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Azacitidine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyze the cardiac manifestations of patients with primary and secondary Sjogren syndrome.

METHODSClinical data (clinical manifestations, serologic measurements, echocardiogram) of 396 patients with Sjogren syndrome who admitted to our hospital from 2004--2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with congenital, rheumatic and coronary heart diseases, hypertension and diabetes (n = 221) and patients with incomplete clinic data (n = 51) were excluded.

RESULTSA total of 124 cases were included in this analysis (mean age 47.4 years old; 5 males; average disease duration 85.5 months). Cardiac involvement in Sjogren syndrome is usually asymptomatic. Pericardial effusion (PE) were evidenced in 20.2%, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in 13.7%, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) in 12.9%, left atrium enlargement/in 7.3%, mitral insufficiency in 4.8%, aortic dilation in 5.6%, tricuspid insufficiency in 3.2%, left ventricular enlargement in 2.4% and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in 0.8% patients by echocardiography examinations. Patients with PE had significantly lower CH50, C3, C4 levels and significantly higher C reactive protein level (CRP) and SSA positive rate than patients without PE (all P < 0.05). The serum level of CRP was significantly associated with PE (OR 0.976, 95% CI 0.956 - 0.997, P < 0.05). Age is positively correlated to LVDD (OR 0.884, 95% CI 0.811 - 0.964, P < 0.005). The gammaglobulin level is significantly higher in the PAH group than that in the non-PAH group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCardiac involvement is not rare in patients with Sjogren syndrome. PE, LVDD and PAH are usual cardiac manifestations in these patients. The serum level of CRP is positively related to PE in these patients with Sjogren syndrome.

Adult ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pericardial Effusion ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo detect the secretions of type I interferon and the expressions of phospho-IRF3 in murine liver dendritic cells intervened by HBV.

METHODSThe murine liver dendritic cells were isolated via anti-CD11c microbeads and were incubated in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 to induce the DC generation and proliferation in 24-well cell culture plates. HBV virions were isolated via ultracentrifugation and were detected by quantitative Realtime-PCR. The DCs were divided into two groups: one group was cultured with HBV virions for 24 hours, the other group was cultured without HBV as control group. The cells were harvested at Oh, 1h, 2h, 6h and 24h after being stimulated with poly I:C and the expressions of p-IRF3 and the concentration of IFN beta in supernatants were detected with western blot and ELISA respectively.

RESULTSThe IFN beta concentrations at 0 h, 6 h and 24 h in the supernatants of the HBV group and the control group were (12.38 +/- 3.71) pg/ml, (88.67 +/- 9.01) pg/ml and (69.89 +/- 5.80) pg/ml vs (10.83 +/- 4.11) pg/ml, (137.68 +/- 12.28) pg/ml and (72.25 +/- 8.61) pg/ml, respectively. No statistical differences found at 0 h (t = 0.8398, P > 0.05) and 24 h (t = 0.6820, P > 0.05) between the two groups except that at 6 h (t = 9.653, P < 0.01). The expressions of phospho-IRF3 in HBV group were lower than that in control group.

CONCLUSIONSThe type I interferon secretion and the phospho-IRF3 expression were decreased in murine liver dendritic cells when intervened by HBV.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 ; metabolism ; Interferon Type I ; secretion ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

OBJECTIVEto explore whether 6 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within SMAD4 gene were involved in the genetic susceptibility of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) by case-control study.

METHODSthis study consisted of 438 CWP patients and 448 controls. All study subjects were Han Chinese, underground coal miners and recruited from coal mines of Xuzhou Mining Business Group Co Ltd. The 5 ml venous blood sample was obtained from all studied subjects and extracted genome DNA from the isolated leucocytes. Six SNPs were selected from the HapMap and detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

RESULTSthe single SNP analyses showed that the genotype frequencies of SMAD4 (rs10502913) was significantly different from those in controls (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that SMAD4 (rs10502913) AA genotype was associated with increased risk of CWP (adjusted OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.00 - 2.69, P = 0.05) and this was evident among subgroups of those smoker (adjusted OR = 2.28, 95%CI = 1.09 ∼ 4.80, P < 0.05) and cases with stage I (adjusted OR = 2.42, 95%CI = 1.41 ∼ 4.14, P < 0.01). The SMAD4 (rs9304407) GG genotype was associated with an decreased risk of CWP (adjusted OR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.43 ∼ 0.98, P < 0.05) and the further stratification analysis showed that the risk of CWP was decreased in nonsmoking groups.

CONCLUSIONSour results suggest that individuals with the SMAD4 (rs10502913) AA genotype was associated with an increased risk of CWP. However, carriers of SMAD4 (rs9304407) GG genotype have a protective effect on the developing CWP.

Aged ; Anthracosis ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Coal Mining ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Smad4 Protein ; genetics

The objective of this study is to explore whether olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) can promote the survival of newborn rat spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) and the underlying possible mechanisms. Co-culture of OECs from adult rats with SGCs from newborn rat cochlea was established and single culture of SGCs acted as control. OECs were obtained and purified based on their special rate of attachment which was different from the other harvested cell types during culture. OECs and SGCs were immunocytochemically characterized and confirmed by expression of low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor p75 or positive label of neuron-specific betaIII-tubulin. To investigate the mechanisms of the role of OECs in survival of SGCs, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anti-BDNF antibody (IgY) were added into the media of the co-cultures respectively, and the surviving SGCs were examined after treatment. Single layer of OECs (92% pure) was seen seven days after plating. Surviving SGCs, which extended their primary neurites, were found on the surface of the layer in the co-cultures. When OECs and SGCs were co-cultured, the number of surviving SGCs was significantly greater than that in the single culture (P<0.01). Nine days after culture, there was even no change in the number of surviving SGCs in the co-culture while the number reduced to almost zero in the single culture. In comparison with co-culture without treatment, addition of BDNF (500 pg/mL) into the media had no obvious promoting effect on the survival of SGCs. The number of surviving SGCs reduced significantly when anti-BDNF antibody was applied into the media of co-cultures (P<0.01). These results suggest that OECs can promote the survival of SGCs when they are co-cultured in vitro. BDNF released from OECs, as one of the survival factors, plays an important role in the survival of SGCs.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; pharmacology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Female ; Male ; Olfactory Bulb ; cytology ; Olfactory Mucosa ; cytology ; Olfactory Nerve ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spiral Ganglion ; cytology