Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxia adaptation on cerebral ischemai hypoxic injury Methods Hypoxia pretreatment mouse was placed in a tightly closed 150 ml bottle with large opening Once the mouse developed dyspnea, it was taken out and placed in another tightly closed 150ml bottle filled with fresh air When the mouse was short of breath it was again taken out This process was repeated 4 times Ischemia hypoxia model the left common carotid artery was ligated under ether anethesia and 1h later the mouse was placed in a hypoxia chamber in which the oxygen concentration was maintained at 8% Twenty four Kunmin mice weighting 18 25g were divided into six groups of four animals each:(1) control group; (2) hypoxia pretreatment group; (3) ischemia hypoxia group I (group I H1): the mice stayed in hypoxia chamber for 1 h; (4) ischemia hypoxia group 2 (group I H2): the mice stayed in hypoxia chamber for 2h; (5) hypoxia pretreatment +I H1; (6) Hypoxia pretreatment +I H2 The animals were sacrificed immediately at the end of the experiment Neural apoptosis was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUPT biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL).Results Apoptosis cells could be seen scattered in the cerebral cortex in hypoxia adaptation group and group I H1 No apoptosis cells were found in control group and group I H2 But hypoxia adaptation increased the number of apoptosis cells in severe hypoxia ischemia group (group I H2) Conclusions Hypoxia adaptation protects brain against hypoxia ischemia injury Hypoxia adaptation induces apoptosis Hypoxia adaptation can have neurons end up in apoptosis instead of nacrosis during cerebral ischemia hypoxia

Objective To observe the time-effect relationship between acupuncture treatment and the absorption of cerebral hematoma and edema in the acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage to determine the optimal time for acupuncture intervention in cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Three hundred patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the acute stage were randomly allocated to treatment groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, and control group, 60 cases each. The control group received symptomatic treatment for regulating blood pressure, reducing intracranial pressure by dehydration, maintaining electrolyte balance, nourishing nerves and preventing and treating complications. The treatment groups were given acupuncture in addition. Treatment group 1 received acupuncture at 24 hrs after the attack; treatment group 2, at 72 hrs; treatment group 3, at one week; treatment group 4, at two weeks. Pre-/post-treatment hematoma size parameter difference value and cerebral peripheral edema grade parameters were observed in every group.Results There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in hematoma size and cerebral edema grade in every group (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in hematoma size and cerebral edema grade between every treatment group and the control group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in hematoma size and cerebral edema grade between treatment group 1, 2 or 3 and treatment group 4 (P<0.05), between treatment group 1 or 2 and treatment group 3 (P<0.05) and between treatment groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture has a positive therapeutic effect in patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the acute stage. The earlier acupuncture intervention in the acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage, the more remarkable the effect.

Objective To study transmission characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii )clone and clinical features of infected patients in a respiratory intensive care unit (RICU),so as to guide the effective pre-vention and control of A.baumannii transmission.Methods 40 A.baumannii strains isolated from RICU patients were performed homology analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)and cluster analysis,relationship of strains was determined,antimicrobial resistance and clinical data were analyzed.Results 40 A.baumannii strains were divided into 11 genotypes(A-K),the main epidemic strains were type A,B and E.The resistant rate to imipen-em was the lowest(70.00%),the next was levofloxacin (77.50%).The average age of 40 infected patients was 67 years old,the average length of hospital stay was 41 days,12 patients died because of invalid treatment.There was overlapping hospitalization among patients infected with type A and E strains;among patients infected with type B strain,there was no overlapping hospitalization among the last 6 and first 6 infected patients.Conclusion The main epidemic strains of A.baumannii were type A,B and E,antimicrobial resistant rate is high;the infected patients are with high average age and long length of hospital stay.It is important to reduce the transmission of A.baumannii through rational use of antimicrobial agents,strict aseptic operation,and intensified disinfection and sterilization of hospital environment and medical devices.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture on the expression of nitricoxide synthase (NOS) in gastrointestinal tissues after operation for incomplete intestinal obstruction in rats, and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in promoting the recovery of gastrointestinal motility. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into treatment group 1, treatment group 2, model group 1, model group 2, and a normal control group, 8 rats in each group. The incomplete intestinal obstruction models were developed by using single ligation method in treatment groups and model groups. Afterwards, the treatment groups were intervened by acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36) and Yanglingquan (GB 34), and rats in treatment group 1 and 2 were respectively dissected after 1-day and 2-day treatment. The rats in model group 1 and 2 were respectively dissected 1 d and 2 d after modeling. The morphological observation was performed on rat’s intestinal tissues, and the average diameter of the upper part of the obstructed intestine and the expression of NOS in gastrointestinal tissues were compared. Results The average ileocecal diameter after modeling was significantly different from that in the normal control group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in comparing the ileocecal diameter between model group 1 and 2 (P<0.05). The ileocecal diameter in treatment group 1 was significantly different from that in treatment group 2 and model groups (P<0.05). The ileocecal diameter in treatment group 2 was insignificantly different from that in the normal control group (P>0.05). The NOS content in model groups was significantly different from that in the normal group (P<0.05). The NOS content in treatment group 1 was markedly different from that in model groups and treatment group 2 (P<0.05) after intervention. There were no significant inter-group differences in comparing NOS content (P>0.05). Conclusions Acupuncture can promote the recovery of gastrointestinal motility by regulating intestinal NOS content in rats after operation for incomplete intestinal obstruction.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of radiosensitizing effects of endostatin on H-520 human lung squamous cancer cells.Methods H-520 cells was treated with endostatin and/or radiation.Colony-forming assays were used to indicate the radiosensitising effects.Cell cycle distribution and expression of phosphor-p38-MAPK were assayed by FCM,and cyclin D1,cdk2,cdk4 and survivin mRNA leveh were assayed by RT-PCR.Phosphor-Akt was evaluated by Western-blotting.Results Combination of endostatin and irradiation inhibited the proliferation of H-520 cells.According to the colony-forming assays,the D0,Dq,D10 and SF2 values of the combination groups were much lower than those of irradiation groups.The sensitization enhancement ratio(SER)was 1.51.G2/M arrest occurred after 4 Gy irradiation.The gene expression of cyclin D1,cdk2,ckd4 and survivin and phosphor-Akt protein were down-regulated after treatment.The expression of phosphor-p38-MAPK protein was also down-regulated after treatment with 200 μg/ml endostar.Conclusions Endostatin inhibits the growth of H-520 cells and radiosensitizes the cells by induction of G0/G1 arrest,cell apoptosis and down-regulation of gene expression of cyelin D1,cdk2,cdk4 and reduces the phosphorylation of Akt and p38-MAPK.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of bionics pulsed electromagnetic fields (BEMF) on the biomechanical property of ovariectomized Wistar rats.MethodsForty 6 month old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four different groups: ovariectomy group (group A), sham operation group (group B), BEMF+ovariectomized group (group C) and estrogen+ovariectomized group (group D). All rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy except group B. 8 weeks after operation, rats of group D were given estrogen 0.5 mg/kg/2 w. Rats of group C were exposed to BEMF, 1 h /d. Rats of group A and B were given nothing as control groups. All treatments was being kept for 10 weeks. After treatments finished, measuring the biomechanical property of femur and lumbar spine.ResultsThere were significant differences in the biomechanical property between group D and group A, and group C and group A (P<0.05).ConclusionBEMF can improve the biomechanical property of ovariectomized Wistar rats significantly and increase the capability of resisting fracture significantly.

Objective To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics,to screen risk factors of metastasis and to analyze the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN).Methods From January 2010 to November 2015,the clinical data of 405 patients with GEP-NEN were retrospectively analyzed.GEP-NEN tumors were classified as neuroendocrine tumor (NET,G1 and G2 grade),neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC,G3 grade) and mixed adenoendocrine carcinoma (MANEC,G3 grade).The clinicopathologic characteristics were summarized.The staining characteristics of synaptophysin (Syn),chromogranin A (CgA) and CD56 of tumor tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.x2 and t test were performed to analyze differences in pathologic characteristics between groups.Logistics regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of metastasis.KaplanMeier method and Log-rank test were used for survival analysis.Results The mean age of patients with GEP-NEN was (54.7± 13.3) years.Gastric NEN was the most common GEP-NEN (98 cases,24.2％),followed by 95 cases (23.5％) with NEN in rectum,86 cases (21.2％) in pancreas and 50 cases (12.3％)in esophagus.Among them,47 cases (11.6％) were functional GEP NEN and 358 cases (88.4％) were non-functional GEP-NEN.According to pathologic diagnosis,227 cases (56.0％) were NET,125 cases (30.9％) were NEC and 16 cases (4.0％) were MANEC.According to tumor classification,120 cases (29.6％) were grade G1,108 cases (26.7％) were grade G2 and 177 cases (43.7％) were grade G3.Immunohistochemistry staining positive ratesof Syn,CgA and CD56 were 97.4 ％ (381/391),44.0 ％ (121/275) and 83.9％(291/347),respectively.The median (lower quartile,upper quartile) diameter of grade G1,G2 and G3 tumors were 1.0 cm (0.6 cm,1.5 cm),1.5 cm (1.0 cm,2.5 cm),4.0 cm(2.5 cm,6.0 cm),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (Z =99.171,P ＜ 0.01).The positive rate of CgA of grade G3 tumor was lower than that of grade G1 and G2(x2 =7.078 and 11.391,both P＜ 0.01).The results of Logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor size and pathologic classification were the important predictors of metastasis.The median survival time of metastasis group and non-metastasis group of grade G3 was 12.0 months and 41.5 months,and there was a significant difference between the two groups by Log-rank test (x2 =37.075,P＜0.01).Conclusions GEP-NEN may occur at any part of the digestive system.There are differences in tumor size positive rate of,immunohistochemistry staining and the primary site of tumors with different pathological grading.The tumor diameter and pathologic classification are the important predictors of metastasis.The prognosis of metastasis group is worse than that of non-metastasis group.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of ERK1/2 MAPK pathway on the expression of Kv1.5 channel, a voltage-gated potassium ion channel, in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and its mechanisms during the process of hypoxia.

METHODSThe PASMCs derived from SD rats were cultivated primarily. The third to sixth generation of PASMCs were divided into 5 groups randomly: (1) Normal group (N); (2) Hypoxic group (H); (3) Demethy sulfoxide(DMSO) group (HD); (4) U0126 group (HU): 10 micromol/L U0126; (5) Anisomycin group (HA): 10 micromol/L anisomycin. There were three dishes of cells in each group. The cells in normal group were cultured in normoxic incubator (5% CO2, 37 degrees C), the cells in other groups were added to 0.05% DMSO in the hypoxic incubator (5% CO2, 2% O2, 37 degrees C), all cells were cultured for 60 h. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detected the espressions of Kv1.5 mRNA and protein in PASMCs.

RESULTSCompared with N group, the expressions of Kv1.5 mRNA and protein in H, HD and HA groups were reduced significantly (P < 0.05); Compared with H group and HD groups, Kv1.5 mRNA and protein expressions in HU group were increased sharply (P < 0.05). Compared with the HU group, Kv1.5 mRNA and protein expressions in HA groups were significantly lower (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLow oxygen reduced Kv1.5 mRNA and protein expressions, U0126 could resistant the Kv1.5 channel lower expression caused by hypoxia. Anisomycin had no significant effect on Kv1.5 channel expression under hypoxia, but the expression of Kv1.5 was still significantly lower than the normal oxygen group. These data suggest that hypoxia may cause hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by interfering ERK1/2 signaling pathway to inhibit Kv1.5

Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Kv1.5 Potassium Channel ; metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate the impacts of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) silencing on the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549 cells) and the radiation synergy of xenografts, and to explore their mechanisms. Methods Plasmid pshRNA?PKM2 for interference with PKM2 expression was transfected into A549 cells, and empty vector?transfected cells and untransfected cells were set as con?trols. The silencing efficiency of pshRNA?PKM2 and the expression level of microtubule?associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) were measured by Western blot assay. The radiosensitizing effects in A549 cells and xen?ografts after PKM2 silencing were determined by colony?forming assay and xenografts growth curves. Autoph?agy formation in A549 cells and xenografts was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, and the ex?pression level of PKM2 in xenografts was measured by immunohistochemistry. Comparison between groups was made by Student′s t?test, and the body weights of nude mice and xenograft volumes were subjected to a?nalysis of variance for continuous variables. Results Stable A549 cell lines transfected with pshRNA?PKM2 were successfully produced. Transfection with pshRNA?PKM2 significantly down?regulated PKM2 expression in A549 cells and xenografts (P= 0?? 001;P= 0?? 000). The sensitizer enhancement ratios for A549 cells and xenografts were 1?? 47 and 2?? 00, respectively. Interference with PKM2 expression enhanced radiation?in duced autophagy formation and significantly increased the ratio of LC 3 ? II / I ( P= 0.000 1 ) . Conclusions Silencing of PKM2 expression may enhance the radiosensitivity of A549 cells and xenografts by regulation of autophagy, which holds promise for becoming an effective radiosensitizing target for non?small cell lung canc?er, but still needs to be confirmed by further studies.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT combining chest breath-hold spiral CT in preoperative primary tumor staging (T stage) of non-small lung cell cancer (NSCLC) before operation. Methods Ninety NSCLC patients underwent curative surgical resection after integrated ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT and chest breath-hold spiral CT examination. Two experienced radiologists blindedly staged all primary tumors in consensus by CT and PET/CT images. Surgical and histopathologic results served as the golden standard for determing the staging value of CT and PET/CT. T stage was assigned according to the seventh edition of TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors adopted by American Joint Committee on Cancer. Results According to pathological results, CT and PET/CT classified T stage accurately in 75.56% and 82.22%, respectively (P=0.03). CT and PET/CT accurately classified 3 and 6 patients respectively in 8 patients of central cancer with atelectasis, 2 and 4 metastases respectively in 5 patients at the ipsilateral lung. Conclusions Being able to describe the morphology, size and invasive region of primary tumor in NSCLC distinctly, CT is the main imaging method for T stage. ~(18)F-FDG PET/CT has unique value in differentiating center cancer with atelectasis and diagnosing pulmonary metastasis.