Objective: To revise a coping style scale for adolescents and analyze the characteristics of adolescents' coping style.Methods: 1013 middle school students were sampled for the research: 783 for the explosive factor analysis and T test,while the other 330 for the confirmative factor analysis.Results: 5 factors were extracted through EFA and explained 45.17% of the variance.The results of CFA showed satisfactory construction validity: RMSEA = 0.067.The results of T tests for the effects of different age,gender,family type were significant.Conclusion: The Coping Style Scale for Adolescents achieves satisfactory reliability and validity;the adolescents' coping styles are influenced by age,gender and one-child family.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of focused ultrasound for treating non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar. Methods212 patients with non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar were treated with focused ultrasound. The patients were followed up after the treatment,and symptom was observed and the efficacy was evaluated. ResultsThe efficacy of non - neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar of squamous hyperplasia,lichen sclerosus and mixed dystrophy was 99.2％, 100. 0％, 88.9％ respectively, the difference was not significat (P ＞ 0.05 ). The efficacy in different courses of patients was 100.0％ ( ＜ 2 years), 100.0％ (2 ～10 years) ,91.3％( ＞ 10 years) respectively,the difference was not significat( P ＞ 0.05). ConclusionFocused ultrasound was obviously effective in the treatment of patients with non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar.

Objective To investigate sequential expression of bone sialoprotein(BSP), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and cementum attachment protein(CAP) in cementoblast(CB) during mineralized culture in vitro, and study the morphological and biologic characters of the CB in this process. Methods CB was seeded on the glass coverslips, and cultured for 6h, 12h, 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 8d, 10d, 12d and 16d, respectively. The expression of BSP, ALP and CAP proteins was detected using immunocytochemical method. Results 6 hours after plated, cementoblast expressed all of the three proteins. In the second and third days after plated, the cells became confluent and formed multiple layers, BSP and ALP expression decreased, and CAP did not be expressed at all. From the forth day, the cells formed cell nodules with mineralizing function. The cells in the nodules strongly expressed BSP,ALP and CAP, the cells around the nodule weakly expressed BSP and ALP, and did not express ALP. During the following 10 to 16 days, the cell nodules became mineralized nodules. Conclusion These results elucidated the changes of ALP, BSP and CAP expression as well as cell morphology during the CB proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in vitro, and provided some valuable information for studying the formation of cementum and CB proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in vivo.

Objective To summarize the timing, procedure and early and late outcomes of Surgical treatment of traumatic tricuspid insufficiency. Methods From May 1984 through September 2004, eight patients with traumatic tricuspid insufficiency were treated surgically. All were male, and the ages ranged from 7 to 67 years (median 38 years). Seven patients were blunt chest trauma (including traffic accidents in three). The median duration between trauma and operation was 19 months (range 1 month to 20 years). At operation, the heart functions of patients were in class II to IV (NYHA). Diagnoses were conformed by echocardiogram. The anterior leaflet was prolapsed because of the rupture of chord or anterior papillary muscle in all the patients, combined with chordal rupture of septal leaflet in one. In all the patients, right ventricular was enlarged in various degrees, as well as tricuspid annulus. In three patients, the tricuspid valve was repaired. Five cases received valve replacement, after repair failed. Results All the patients were recovered well without complication after operation. Only one of the three patients after tricuspid valve repair was detected mild tricuspid regurgitation by echocardiogram. The mean postoperative hospital stay was (16.6?6.5) days (7 to 24 days). The median follow-up period was 39 months (range 7 to 129 months). The heart functions were improved to class I (NYHA) in all patients. Conclusion The outcome of surgical treatment of traumatic tricuspid valve insufficiency is good. Surgical intervention should be done as early as possible once diagnosis was made to increase the feasibility of tricuspid valve repair. Tricuspid valve repair is the procedure of choice, while tricuspid valve replacement is also acceptable according to the long-term result of this report.

Objective To evaluate the outcome of valvular surgery in the elderly. Methods Between 1993 and 2004, 4546 patients underwent cardiac valve operation at our hospital. 252 patients (5.5%)(147 males, 105 females) were 65 or older [mean age (67.9?2.9) years]. Rheumatic valvular disease presented in 201(79.8%) patients and non-rheumatic valvular disease in 51 (20.2%). 56.0% of patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class Ⅲ-Ⅳ.63 (25%) patients had aortic valve replacement (AYR), 93 (36.9%) had mitral valve replacement (MVR), 42 (16.7%) had mitral valve repair (MVP), 47 (18.7%) had AVR + MVR/MVP, and 7 (2.8%) had isolated tricuspid repair or replacement.34 (13.5 % ) had concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) . Results Results The operative mortality was 9.1%, and the tendency of decline was observed in recent 3 years. As compared with the patients aged 16 to 64 years, the duration of mechanical ventilation, stay in ICU and in hospital postoperatively was longer [(30.6?42.8)h vs. (24.1?45.0) h,P = 0.02, (60.1?101.2) h vs. (43.0?70.6) h, P = 0.00, (25.7?41.3) days vs. (19.6?14.4) days,P=0.00]. In this group, the morbidity of postoperative complications was significant higher than that of the patients aged 16 to 64 years (10.6% vs.6.4% , P = 0.01). Preoperative NYHA function class was an important factor for postoperative mortality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) , AVR+ MVR/MVP, and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, prolonged aortic cross-clamping time, postoperative acute renal failure demanding dialysis were significant independent predictors of operative mortality. Conclusion The mortality of cardiac valvular surgery in the elderly is acceptable. It is characterized by higher morbidity of postoperative complications and prolonged duration of stay in hospital. Concomitant CABG, AVR + MVR/MVP, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, prolonged aortic crossclamping time and postoperative acute renal failure were significant independent predictors of operative mortality.

Currently, about 300 million people worldwide are affected by asthma. Most of these sufferers inhale immunosuppressants (ie corticosteroids) and beta-adrenergic receptor agonists for their asthma treatment. However, about 5%-10% of patients of asthma have poor response to such treatment. Investigation of kinase signaling pathway and nuclear transcription factor as a target molecule in the treatment of allergic asthma has been the concern of scholars home and abroad. This paper reviewed inhibitors of kinase signaling pathway and nuclear transcription factors for the treatment of asthma.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social skills, language, and behavior. It is now clear that autism is not a disease, but a syndrome characterized by phenotypic and genetic complexity. The etiology of autism is still poorly understood. Available evidence from a variety of sources strongly suggests that many genetic disorders are frequently associated with autism for their similar phenotypes. Based on this fact, this review begins by highlighting several principal genetic syndromes consistently associated with autism (fragile X, tuberous sclerosis, Angelman syndrome, Pader-Willi syndrome, Rett syndrome, Down syndrome and Turner syndrome). These genetic disorders include both chromosome disorders and single gene disorders. By comparing the similar phenotype, protein marker and candidate genes, we might make some breakthrough in the mechanism of autism and other genetic disorders.

Objective To observe the effects of differentially expressed peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ (PPAR γ) on cell migration,invasion and proliferation of endometrial cancer cells.Methods Two endometrial cancer cell lines ECC-1 (ER positive) and KLE (ER negative) cells were used in this study.To up or down regulate PPARγ expression,the transient transfection by using PPARγ expression vector (PPARγ expression vector group) and PPARγ small interference RNA (PPARγ siRNA group) were done.The negative control groups were cells transfected by nonsence sequence siRNA (siRNA non sence sequence group) or empty vector (empty vector group).At the same time,cells only added with liposome were used as blank control group.Then,quantitative real time (RT)-PCR and western blot were used to detect PPARγexpression both in mRNA and protein levels.To assess the expression levels of Wnt signaling pathway,western blot was performed to analysis protein levels of β-catenin and C-myc.The effects on cell migration,invasion and proliferation using in vitro transwell migration,invasion assays and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay were further be examined.Results After transfection for 48 hours,quantitative RT-PCR and western blot showed that PPARγmRNA (5.18 ± 0.99,4.54 ± 0.89) and protein (1.45 ± 0.12,1.30 ± 0.13) expression levels significantly increased and the protein levels of β-catenin (0.44 ± 0.06,0.46 ± 0.04) and C-myc (0.42 ± 0.08,0.30 ± 0.11) decreased in PPAR γ expression vector group,while in PPARγ siRNA group,PPARγ mRNA (0.48 ± 0.08,0.53 ± 0.11) and protein (0.41 ±0.04,0.49 ±0.05) expression levels decreased and the protein levels of 3-catenin (1.18 ±0.12,0.89 ±0.07) and C-myc(0.91 ±0.08,0.77 ±0.12) increased significantly compared with control groups (all P ＜ 0.05).In vitro migration and invasion assay indicated that the migratory and invasive cell numbers of PPARγ expression vector group (ECC-1:129 ± 9,63 ± 12 ; KLE:119 ± 9,68 ± 16) were significantly decreased,while the migratory and invasive cell numbers of were PPARγ siRNA group (ECC-1:201 ± 14,142 ±9 ; KLE:170 ± 11,138 ± 7) increased significantly compared with those in control groups(all P ＜ 0.05).CCK-8 assay showed that A values (0.66 ±0.14,0.78 ±0.06) in PPARγexpression vector group were lower than those in control groups,and in PPARγ siRNA group,A values (1.42 ± 0.16,1.23 ± 0.04) were higher than those in control groups,and there were statistically significant difference among them (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Up-regulated PPARγ gene expression could inhibit endometrial cancer cell migration,invasion and proliferation abilities,and down-regulated PPARγ gene expression could promote endometrial cancer cell migration,invasion and proliferation abilities.

miR-205 is differentially expressed in tumor tissues and is closely related to tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis.miR-205 can regulate the biological behaviors of tumor cells such as cell proliferation,differentiation,in situ invasion and distant metastasis by post-transcriptional regulation through binding to targeted genes.Additionally,further research of miR-205 may be helpful for tumor diagnosis,targeted therapy and prognosis.

[Objective To evaluate the teaching effects and advantages of problem-based learning (PBL) teaching mode based on network in the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods 2007 grade intern students in department of obstetrics and gynecology in Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University were divided into 2 groups:control group (18 seven-year program and 11 five-year program)and experiment group (17 seven-year program and 10 five-year program). Traditional teaching was conducted in control group:interns and teacher completed teaching ward round several times according to the teaching requirement. PBL based on network was conducted in experiment group:tea-chers asking questions-data collection-learning and discussing-demonstrating and arguing-discussing and summarizing teaching process. Then the effects of different teaching methods were evaluated by clinical practice skill and theoretical test. SSPS13.0 statistical software was used for data analysis and measurement data were expressed as x±s. T test was conducted among groups. Results As for clinical practice skills, scores in PBL group (seven-year program and five-year program )were higher than those of traditional group [seven-year program:(190.47±2.30)vs (87.42±2.93);five-year program:(92.95±2.20)vs (90 . 09 ± 2 . 70 )] . There was no difference between the two groups in scores of theoretical test . In clinical practice skills,scores of general skill and clinic case analysis showed significant differences be-tween PBL group and traditional group. Conclusions PBL tea-ching mode based on network can improve the quality and effectiveness of the clinical practice of obstetrics and gynecology, especially in the social, technical,and knowledge dimension.