BACKGROUND:In the whole world, spinal cord injuries caused by trauma lead to more than 180 000 people presenting with permanent impairment annualy. A large number of experiments have confirmed in recent years, under physiological conditions, microRNA has specific expression and plays an important role in the nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the changes in microRNA expression induced by injuries as wel as the pathophysiological significance in spinal cord injury, and to explore the development potential of microRNA in tissue-engineered and clinical repair of spinal cord injury. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and Chinese Journal Database was performed for related articles published from January 2000 to December 2014 using the keywords of “SCI, microRNA, transcriptional control, clinical research progress” in English and Chinese. Finaly, 38 articles were included for result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mechanical injury initialy triggers a series of complex secondary damages, including nervous, vascular and immune systems, which can influence the severity of spinal cord injury to a great extent. Secondary damage to the spinal cord is mainly attributed to the activation and deactivation of some specific genes associated with celular and biochemical mechanisms, such as cysteine aspartate specific protease (caspase) gene family, apoptosis related protein Fas and its ligand Fasl system, P53 gene, apoptosis related gene Bcl-2 family. Recent studies have proved that the functional activation of microRNA expression is the key to spinal cord injury. With the development of biological information engineering, studies and controling technologies associated with microRNA expression have been gradualy dominated, some clinical application based on microRNA technology has entered the clinical trial stage. It is believed that with the continuous development of technology and decrease of cost, permanent dysfunction due to spinal cord injury can be regulated and repaired through the microRNA technology at gene level in the future.

Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K),AKT,TSC1/2,and the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling cascade involves many cellular processes including apoptosis,growth,proliferation and differentiation,This pathway has been found to be the most variable one in human tumors.As tumor is a poorly differentiated disease,this review examines the role of the PI3K-AKT signal pathway in cell differentiation and tumor development.

ObjectiveTo investigate the safety and clinical value of treadmill exercise testing for the patients with acute myocardial infarction in the early recovery. Methods36 patients with acute myocardial infarction performed treadmill exercise testing with Bruce protocol 15～57 d after infarction. ResultsThe outcome of 19 cases was positive, and the outcome of other 16 cases was negative. 1 case couldn't finish the testing, whose outcome could not be analyzed because his exercise time was too short. The average cardic fuction was (5.42±3.12) METs. ConclusionIt is safe that the patients with acute myocardial infarction performed treadmill exercise testing early.

Objective To study early face processing of mild cognitive impairment patients by using ERP method．Methods Sixteen healthy old man(normal group)and sixteen mild cognitive impairment patients(MCI group)served as subjects in experiment．Two runs of 300 stimuli(duration：50ms)of 3 facial and 3 non-facial pictures were randomly presented with equal probability(ISI：from 1000ms to 1500ms randomly)，and the subjects were asked to react to facial stimuli and non-facial stimuli by pressing the left button and risht button respectively as quickly as possible．Thirty-two channels electroencephalogram(EEG)Was recorded by Neuroscan Nuamps Systern．Results 1)Specific-face component N170 was found in both groups．Which was distributed at the temporal-occipital region．2)Compared with N170 in normal group，N170 amplitude Was significantly lower((-4．42±0．28)Μv vs(-7．00±0．28)Μv，F=41．52，P<0．01)at temporal-occipital region and delayed((158．91±2．17)ms vs(140．97±2．17)ms，F=34．09，P<0．01) in mild cognitive impairment group．Conclusion The early face processing mechanism of mild cognitive impairment patients may be different from normal people．

This study is to investigate the effects of paeoniflorin on cerebral blood flow and the balance of PGI2/TXA2 of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A total of 72 SD rats (3) were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham operation group, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model group (I/R gourp), low (10 mg.kg-1), middle (20 mg.kg-1) and high (40 mg.kg-1) doses of paeoniflorin groups and nimrnodipine group. Focal cerebral ischemia in rats was made by inserting a monofilament suture into internal carotid artery for 90 min and then reperfused for 24 h. The effects of paeoniflorin on neurological deficit scores and the infarction volume of brain were detected. Relative regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was continuously monitored over ischemic hemispheres by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The expression of COX-2 in hippocampal CAl region was estimated by immunohistochemistry and the contents of prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and ratio of PGIJ2/TXA2 in serum were measured by ELISA kits. Paeoniflorin significantly ameliorated neurological scores, reduced the infarction volume, and increased regional cerebral blood flow relative to the I/R group. In addition, paeoniflorin could inhibit COX-2 expression and the release of TXA2 and prevent the downregulation of PGI2 induced by I/R injury. The neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats might be attributed to improve the supply of injured hemisphere blood flow and adjust the balance between PGI2/TXA2.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha ; blood ; Animals ; Brain ; blood supply ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal ; metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; blood ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Monoterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regional Blood Flow ; drug effects ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Thromboxane B2 ; blood

The following report is on the early rehabilitation treatment of 35 cases with acute myocardial infarction,31 males and 4 females.The average age is 56.71±9.8 years.Among the 35 cases 15 are without complication of myocardial infarction and 20 are opposite.Besides the regular myocardial infarction treatment,the rehabilitation treatment is added after the initial period and before the patients leave the hospital, echocardiography, Holter monitor ECG and treadmill test are adopted to evaluate heart function.All the cases are without heart event during the early active treadmill test and rehabilitation treatment, so we conclude that it is safe and proper to early start treatment to acute myocardial infarction.The report will also discuss about the choice of the cases,the notes during the process and the evaluation of the cases after the treament and before leaving the hospital.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin and metabolic syndrome(MS) in children and adolescents with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods Four elementary schools and 4 middle schools were selected from Haidian district in Beijing with representative cluster sampling.Two hundred and eighty obese children(obese group),65 obese children with NAFLD(NAFLD group) and 264 normal weight children(healthy control group) aged 7 to 18 years were recruited from the 8 schools with uncompletely randomized sampling.Data including questionnaire,anthropometric measurements,B type ultrasonographic examination for liver were collected and fasting blood laboratory assay were determined.Variables including triglyceride(TG),adiponectin,alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were skewed distribution and natural logarithmical transformations were performed.Chi-square test for category and multiple binary Logistic regression analysis were used to statistical analysis.Results Body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) in obese group and NAFLD group were higher than those in healthy control group.All the chi-square tests for trend among the 3 groups were statistically significant(P

To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid of human PRX3 and measure its expression in the HEK-293FT cells, the full-length coding region of human PRX3 was cloned by PCR and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA4-Xpress (A). HEK-293FT cells were transiently transfected with the recombinant plasmid. Western blot and immuofluorescence were used to detect the expression of the fusion protein. In the experiment, restriction analysis identified the construction of the recombinant plasmid and the inserted sequence was identical with that published on GenBank. Western blot and immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of the recombinant protein in transfected HEK-293FT cells. It was concluded that the eukaryotic expression plasmid of human PRX3 was constructed successfully and the recombinant could be expressed efficiently in HEK-293FT cells, which provides a sound basis for the further study on human PRX3.
Cell Line, Transformed ; Cloning, Molecular ; Embryo ; Eukaryotic Cells/*metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Kidney/cytology ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Peroxidases/*biosynthesis ; Peroxidases/genetics ; Plasmids/*genetics ; Transfection

Objective To study the arterial stiffness in non-diabetic pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and to explore the associated factors. Methods Automatic pulse wave velocity (PWV) measuring system was used to examine carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) as the parameters reflecting central elastic large arterial elasticity. Vascular calcification was quantitatively evaluated by plain radiographic film of abdomen, pelvis and hands. Blood pressure, biochemical parameters and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were routinely detected. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the associated factors of arterial stiffness. Results Ninety-six non-diabetic pre-dialysis CKD patients and 30 healthy people were enrolled in this trial. CFPWV in stage 3, 4 and 5 CKD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy controls [(11.63±2.39) m/s, (11.70±2.80) m/s, (12.88±2.49) m/s vs (9.70±1.66)m/s , all P<0.05]. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that age, mean arterial pressure, vascular calcification and iPTH were independent impact factors of CFPWV. Conclusions Arterial stiffness of large artery increases in non-diabetic pre-dialysis CKD patients. Age, mean arterial pressure, vascular calcification and iPTH are independent impact factors of CFPWV.