Child ; Child Welfare ; trends ; China ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To prove that the neural stem cell can be separated from neural tissue in adult mammalian. Stem cells can separate and proliferate continually, and can divide further into neuron and glial cell. The uptodate researches of neural stem cells suggest a prospective approach to treat neurological diseases, i.e. the dysfunctional cells may be replaced with neural stem cells by transplantation for functional reconstruction. Therefore,many kinds of directional differentiative signal controlling of neural stem cells to differentiate at a certain direction.DATA SOURCES: Using the key term neural stem cell, differentiation,signal and cell transplantation, we searched the MEDLINE database plus the relevant articles in English language from January 1995 to August 2004. Meanwhile, using the key terms mentioned above, we searched Chinese journal full-text database, Wanfang database in Chinese language from January 1995 to August 2004.STUDY SELECTION: The articles on extracellular signal of the differentiation of neural stem cell with full summarization were selected.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 30 articles were eligible, and the relevant contents were compared and summarized. Eighteen articles were selected at last.DATA SYNTHESIS: All 18 articles contained different aspects of signal regulation of neural stem cell, including various key cellular factors and autogene regulation.CONCLUSION: Both cellular signals in vivo and in vitro can affect the cell differentiation. The vital problem to be solved is how to induce neural stem cells to differentiate at a certain direction so as to realize the aim of transplantation.

There is no unity in judgment of obesity at home and abroad.WHO considered that there should have different evaluation criteria from childhood below and above 10 years and recommended "weight for height" be used for children under the age of 10 and body mass index(BMI)for children aged 10 to 24 years old.International Obesity Task Organization(IOTF) recommended BMI be suitable for young children for judgment overweight and obesity.Both of them had the same BMI standards for overweight and obesity for 18-year-old,25 and 30 kg/m2,respectively.But the Working Group on Obesity of China(WGOC)developed a criterion which cut-offs in 18 years were lower than that of WHO and IOTF,24 and 28 kg/m2,respectively.The treatment of obesity in childhood was different from that in adults.Many methods used for adults such as surgical liposuction,slimming drugs,hunger therapies and fasting could not be appropriate for childhood.A combined treatment in childhood including behavior modification,diet adjustment and exercise was recognized domestically and internationally.

Objective To explore the role of tissue-type plasminogen activator(tPA) in neonatal rat with hypoxia-ischemia brain damage(HIBD).Methods Seven-day-old Wistar rat pups were used for the Vannucci model of HIBD.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL),double immunostaining and immunoblot analysis were adapted to determin the expression of tPA at acute phase after HIBD and neural cell apoptosis and the blood-brain-barrier(BBB) damage.Results Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia triggers persistent induction of the plasminogen system.The increase of tPA activity induced the degradation of laminin and occludin which would aggravate the BBB damage.The number of neural cell apoptosis after HIBD increased progressively with the reperfusion time.Conclusions The increase of tPA at the acute phase after HIBD can help clot to dissolve,while its extravascular proteolysis will induce cell apoptosis and BBB damage which will aggravate brain injury.

Child ; Child Health ; China ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; organization & administration

Objective To investigate the teaching effect of heuristic teaching in medical psychology teaching.Methods Totally 104 students (2010 grade higher vocational nursing class) were divided into experiment group (n=52) and control group (n=52).Heuristic teaching model and conventional teaching model were applied respectively.t test was used to compare the final exam scores of two groups; self-made evaluation sheet was used to evaluate the teaching effect and x2 test was employed to compare the results between two groups,with P＜0.05 standing for statistical significance.Results Final exam scores of experiment group (87.48 ± 3.18) was better than control group (81.43 ± 4.89) (P=0.016).Teaching evaluation was better in experiment group than in control group.Conclusions Heuristic teaching is helpful in improving students' study enthusiasm and training their scientific thinking.

[Objective] To expound the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure by tranditional Chinese and western medicine, to make the syndrome differentiation and treatment more accurate and the efficacy better. [Method] The progression of chronic heart failure can be divided into four stages, to combine the tranditional Chinese and western medicine to use the traditional Chinese theory to treat the four stages. [Result] Pre-heart failure and pre-clinical heart failure most belong to Qi deficiency of heart and lung syndrome, deficiencies of Qi and Yin syndrome; Clinical heart failure belongs to Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, turbid-phlegm and water-rheum collecting internally syndrome; refractory end-stage heart failure belongs to heart-kidney Yang deficiency and water flooding syndrome, spleen-kidney Yang deficiency and endogenous turbid-phlegm syndrome, even depletion of Yin and Yang syndrome.[Conclusion] The pattern of diagnosis and treatment of combind tranditional Chinese and western medicine is the result of the development of modern medicine which contributes to the diagnosis of tradition Chinese medicine. This paper expounds the syndrome differentiation and treatment based on the western medical staging to make the syndrome differentiation and treatment accuracy and the curative effect better.

Objective:To summarize the experience of reconstruction of mandibular defects with vascularized fibular osteocutaneous flap.Methods:Segmental mandibular resection and immediate reconstruction with vascularized fibular osteocutaneous flap were performed in 8 patients with tumor.The fibula flaps were cut into 2-4 segments and bent to the contour of the mandibles,and they were fixed precisely by the titanium plate.The skin flaps were used for reconstruction of soft tissue defects or as observation windows of the blood circulation.Results:In all 8 patients,transplanted vascularized fibular osteocutaneous flaps survived well,and restoration of mandibular contour and function was satisfactory. Conclusion:The fibular osteocutaneous flap can be cut into segments and shaped according to location and contour of mandibular defect.Vascularized fibular osteocutaneous flap may be an ideal selection for the reconstruction of mandibular defect.