Humans ; Optical Imaging

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of transanal coloanal pull-through with resection of the internal anal sphincter in neonates and infants with Hirschsprung's disease.Methods Transanal coloanal pull-through with resection of the internal anal sphincter was performed on 101 neonates or infants with Hirschsprung's disease in our hospital.An incision slightly longer than one-half of the rectal circumference was made at the dentate line.Then,the muscular layer of the anterior rectal wall was dissected and separated upwards from the submucosal layer;meanwhile that of the posterior wall was also separated upwards along the rectal longitudinal muscles.After the muscular layer was separated to the level of the peritoneal reflection,a radial operation was performed by resecting the internal anal sphincter and muscle sheath of the posterior rectal wall.Results The operation was accomplished successfully in all the patients with less than 10 ml of intraoperative blood loss.The operation time ranged from 45 to 190 min(mean,90 min).No complications,including urine retention,incision infection,and anastomotic stenosis,occurred.Two patients(2/86,2.3%) developed enterocolitis after the operation.The incidence of fecal soiling was 27%(22/82) at 2 months after the operation,and then decreased to 4%(3/82) at 6 months.Anorectal manometry was performed on 78 patients at 1,2,3,and 6 months postoperatively.The results demonstrated that the anal resting pressure after the operation was significantly lower than that before the operation(P

The most common forms of treatment for amblyopia are occlusion therapy and pharmacologic penalization. But these methods can not recover all the visual deficits of amblyopes and there are some disadvantages of the treatment which need to be considered, including adverse effects, compliance and social stigma. Recently, some novel approaches are investigated for improving the effectiveness and compliance of treatment for amblyopia.

Objective:To investigate the LOH at regions on chromosomal arm 8p22,11p15,17p13 and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Methods:Thirty-four paraffin-embedded tumor and corresponding noncancerous tissues were analysed. PCR was used to amplified three microsatellite markers D8S136,D11S988 and TP53 located at these chromosomal regions. PCR products were electrophoresed on 6%polyacrylamide gel and detected using silver staining. The P53, c-erBb-2,PR,ER status were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results:Of the three markers we studied, D8S136 was detected LOH at a frequency of 12 in 34 tumors(35.29%). D11S988 and TP53 were detected LOH at a frequency of 5 in 34 tumors(14.71%). There were no obvious associations between LOH at D11S988、TP53 and clinicopathological parameters, but the tumors with LOH at D8S136 were significant larger than that without LOH(P=0.0049). Conclusion: Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast has a frequent LOH on chromosome 8p22. The loss or inactivation of putative tumor suppressor genes on 8p22 may contribute to the excessive growth of the tumors.

Objective To analyze the incidence,risk factors,clinical characteristics and pregnant outcomes of perinatal pulmonary embolism(PPE).Methods Clinical data of eight patients who were admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University for PPE from January 2006 to March 2016 were collected.General condition,symptoms,laboratory examinations,images,treatments and outcomes of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results The ten-year incidence of PPE was 0.029％ (8/27 560) in this hospital.Among the eight cases,two cases were diagnosed in the first trimester,and treated successfully by thrombolytic therapy.But one of two cases stopped growth,while the other one was premature labor.There were one case in the third trimester who had successful anticoagulant therapy and five cases in the postpartum period after cesarean delivery.Among the five cases,three cases were recovered after anticoagulant therapy,one case was recovered after thrombolytic therapy and one case died.All of the eight patients were immobilized before the onset of PPE,and five of them were diagnosed after cesarean section.Four out of the eight patients were obese.Five patients had three or more high-risk factors for pulmonary embolism and the other three had two.Conclusions It is necessary to pay close attention to gravidas who have two or more high-risk factors of PPE due to its fatal outcome.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen on the postoperative cognitive function in aged mice.Methods Sixty aged male Kunming mice,aged 12-14 months,weighing 35-45 g,were assigned into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),partial hepatectomy group (group PH) and partial hepatectomy plus hydrogen-enriched saline group (group PH-H).On preoperative day 3,during operation and on postoperative day 3,hydrogen-enriched saline 10 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day in group PH-H,and the equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected once a day in S and PH groups.The spatial probe test was performed on postoperative day 7 to evaluate the cognitive function.Ten mice were selected on postoperative days 3 and 7 (after the end of the spatial probe test),and blood samples were collected for determination of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-lbeta (IL-1β) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The animals were sacrificed after blood sampling,brains were removed and hippocampi were isolated for detection of the expression of TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the percentage of time of staying at the target quadrant and the number of crossing the platform within 1 min were significantly decreased,the serum concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 were increased,and the expression of hippocampal TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 was up-regulated in group PH (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the variables mentioned above in group PH-H (P＞0.05).Compared with group PH,the percentage of time of staying at the target quadrant and the number of crossing the platform within 1 min were significantly increased,the serum concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 were decreased,and the expression of hippocampal TNF-α,IL-1β and HMGB1 was down-regulated in group PH-H (P＜0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen can improve the postoperative cognitive function in aged inice.

Objective To explore MRI features and diagnostic value of primary hepatocellular carcinoma(PHCC).Methods Onehundred and seventy-four patients which were diagnosed as PHCC by MRI were analyzed retrospectively,including signal intensity ofPHCC,pseudocapsules,the sign out of PHCC(such as the tumor thrombi in portal or hepatic vein,lymph nodule in abdomen),and therelationship between them and tumor patterns.The accurate and misdiagnostic rate of MRI in the cases of PHCC proved by pathology were analysed.Results The signal intensity of PHCC was mainly hypointense or slightly hypointense on T_1WI and slightly hyperintense on T_2WI.The accurate rate of MRI in diagnosis of PHCC was 91.42%.The appeared rate of unhomogeneous signal intense of PHCC on T_2WI,thetumor thrombi in portal or hepatic veins and the peudocapsules was of significance in statistics between different type of PHCC.Pseudocapsules were shown better on T_1WI than on T_2WI and fat suppression.Conclusion MRI signal intensity of PHCC is socharacteristic that it has improtant value in diagnosing PHCC.

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analyze the causes of death in elderly patients with hypertension in a hospital-based population from 1993 to 2012.

METHODSDuring the study period of over 19 years, a total of 2866 cases of death in 25238 hospitalized hypertensive patients with the age of 60 years or older were documented. Age, gender, complications, cause of death and other relevant variables were collected. All patients were divided into different subgroups according to gender, age or hypertension stage and risk stratification. The mortality of elderly hypertensive patients was analyzed using chi-square test.

RESULTS(1) Target organ damage (TOD) associated with hypertension was present in a substantial proportion of elderly patients. The complications related to death were heart disease (45.15%), stroke (34.37%), renal failure (11.88%), infective disease (4.58%), and cancer (4.06%). (2) Mortality in male elderly hypertension was higher than in women (53.31% vs 46.69%). The percentage of deaths from heart disease and stroke were higher in men than those in women (heart disease: 46.73% vs 43.35%; stroke: 37.04% vs 31.32%). (3) Age-specific constituent ratio of cause of death showed that deaths from stroke were significantly lower in very old patients (> or = 90 years) than in patients with 60-79 years of age (P < 0.01). In addition, deaths from heart disease, renal failure and infection disease were significantly lower in patients with more than 90 years than other patients. Deaths from cancer were highest in patients with 70-79 years of age (P < 0.01). (4) When compared with patients at stage 1 and 2 hypertension, subjects at stage 3 were more likely to die from stroke (P < 0.01) and renal failure (P < 0.05), while less likely to die from heart disease and cancer (P < 0.01). Patients in high and very high risk stratification of hypertension, compared with subjects in low and medium risk were likely to die from renal failure (P < 0.01) whereas less likely to die from heart disease (P < 0.05) and stroke (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPrevalence of complication and TOD is high in elderly hypertensive inpatients, especially in deaths. The male patients and 60- 79-year-old patients have a higher percentage of causes of death. The stage and risk stratification of hypertension are associated with constituent ratios of the causes of death.

Aged ; Cause of Death ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; mortality ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; mortality

The focus of microbiologists has moved to the rare actinomycetes.For selective isolation of rare actinomycetes that all play the important role in bioactive compounds,the approaches which involve the methods using gellan gum and flooding solution、 rehydration-centrifugation(RC)、 extremely high frequency radiation(EHF)、 bacteriophage and sucrose-gradient centrifugation were introduced in this paper.

ObjectiveTo investigate the experience of resection of superior sulcus tumors using the improved antero-cervical parastemal approach.MethodsThe clinical data of 3 patients with superior sulcus tumor from July 2005 to May 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Three patients with superior sulcus tumor underwent en bloc resection using the improved antero-cervical parastemal approach.The 1st to 3rd rib were excised,1 case with 1/5 centrum vertebra excision,1 case with the 1st transverse process of thoracic vertebra excision,1 case with the 1 st and 2nd transverse process of thoracic vertebra excision,1 case with T1 nerve root and sellate ganglion excision.ResultsAll the patients recovered well after operation.There was no serious complication except for 1 case with secondary Horner syndrome.The mild paradoxicalbreathing was found in 3 cases postoperative dressing change,but they had no dyspnea and tolerance well.The paradoxical breathing was disappeared when the mediastinum was fixed after 14 d thoracic wall pressure dressing.The pathological diagnosis after operation:2 cases with squamous-celled carcinoma,1 case with adenosquamous carcinoma,there was no mediastinal lymph node metastasis,cutting edge was negative.Stage:2 cases with T3N0M0,1 case with T4N0M0.Three cases were treated with chemotherapy (NP plan) for 4 cycles after operation without radiotherapy.Three cases were followed up for 53,37, 13 months after operation,they were all survival without recurrence and good quality life.ConclusionsFor the treatment of especially anterior and middle seated superior sulcus tumors,improved antero-cervical parasternal approach provides a safe and effective exposure.The improved antero-cervical parasternal approach is worthy of promotion.