A thermal desorption ( TD) device was developed and coupled to gas chromatography ( GC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of semi-volatile organic compounds on atmospheric particulate matters ( PM ) . The TD was operated by direct heating and placed on the GC injector, leading to high heating rate and easy transfer of analytes to GC without focusing of analytes by cold trap. For establishing the TD-GC method, the materials used for supporting PM samples, temperature and time of thermal desorption, and types of sample injection were investigated for detection of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs) and nine n-alkanes. The limits of detection of the proposed TD-GC method were in the range of 0. 014-0. 093 ng for PAHs, and 0. 016-0. 026 ng for n-alkanes, respectively, with the correlation coefficients of correlation above 0. 9975. The TD-GC method was applied to the determination of trace PAHs and n-alkanes on PM10 samples from three cities. The recoveries were in the range of 95%-135% ( PAHs) and 95%-115% ( n-alkanes) , respectively. Finally, the TD was coupled to GC-MS for comparison of the contents of PAHs and n-alkanes on PMx with different particulate size ( x=10 , 5, 2, 1, 0. 5, 0. 25, 0. 1).

Objective To know the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Yangpu District and provide evidence for specific strategies and measures of hand-foot-mouth disease activity prevention and control. Methods Descriptive analysis of the data from hand-foot-mouth disease epidemic situation in Yangpu District from 2005 to 2008 was made. Results 1 348 cases were reported in the whole Yangpu District from 2005 to 2008, and no severe cases, no death. The average morbidity in Yangpu District was 27.48/100 000. The male to female ratio was 1.46∶1. The infection occurred to infants aged from 1 year to 5 years (85.39%). The incidence of the native population children aged 2 to 3 exceeded 10/100 000. The season peak appeared from May to July (70.18%), and outbreaks used to occur at nurseries and kindergartens. The typical clinical presentations mainly included fever and rash. The rash mainly occurred to hands, feet, mouth, buttocks and so on. Conclusions Incidence varied significantly between different sexes, seasons and ages. It can cause large-scale epidemic in a short period of time, the epidemic was very difficult to control, but the leaders attach importance to take the early warning and monitoring, accuratey deal with emergencies, health education promotion and training of comprehensive measures, the epidemic can be effectively controlled.

Objective To explore the most important risk factors in metabolic syndrome(MS) components.Methods Ninety-four individuals were classified into MS and non-MS group according to the diagnostic criteria for MS proposed by Chinese Diabetes Society(CDS) revised in 2006 or International Diabetes Federal(IDF) in 2005.Age,waist circumference(WC),body mass index(BMI),fasting plasma glucose,lipid profile,blood pressure and blood cell counts in two groups were compared.Partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLSDA) was carried out to determine the most important components of MS.Results Patients with MS diagnosed by CDS or IDF criteria have significantly older age,higher BMI,WC,blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,triglycerides,insulin levels,insulin resistance index,high sensitivity CRP and fibrinogen levels compared with non-MS group.PLSDA analysis shows WC,BMI,blood pressure and aging are most important components of MS.Conclusion Obesity,hypertension and aging are three most important components of MS with obesity is the utmost among them.

Objective To observe the protective effect of bioimpedance spectroscopy guided ultrahltration on residual renal function in new hemodialysis patients.Methods Patients with end-stage renal disease recruited from January 2015 to June 2016,were randomly divided into experimental group and control group.And all the patients were followed up for 3 months.The ultrafiltration was guided by the bioimpedance spectroscopy analysis in the experimental group,while the ultrafiltration was based on the edema,blood pressure,symptoms of low blood pressure and the increase of weight during the hemodialysis interphase in the control group.The difference of residual renal function,24 hours urine volume and the incidence rate of adverse events between the two groups were collected.Results Compared with the control group,the urine volume(932.58 ± 230.16 ml vs 584.45 ± 137.76 ml,t =7.226,P ＜ 0.001) and residual renal function (RRF) (4.55 ± 0.90 ml/min vs 3.08 ±0.68 ml/min,t =7.300,P ＜0.001)in the experimental group were higher.The drop of RRF(3.14 ±2.05 ml/min vs 4.40 ±2.09 ml/min,t =-2.384,P =0.020) and urinary volume (452.58 ±456.96 ml vs 877.45 ± 452.45 ml,t =-3.679,P =0.001) were lower in the experimental group.While there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (t =2.081,P =0.084).Conclusions It is helpful for slowing down the decline of residual renal function by using the bioimpedance spectroscopy guided ultrafiltration.

Objective: To explore the relevant factors of acquired swallowing disorders in adult patients after cardiac surgery. Methods: A Jiatian water swallowing screening test was conducted for adult patients after cardiac surgery in our hospital from 2015-03 to 2015-09. There were 32 patients with acquired swallowing disorder deifned as Case group and meanwhile 420 patients without swallowing disorder at the same word deifned as Control group. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis was applied to study the relevant factors for acquired swallowing disorders. Results: The overall incidence of acquired swallowing disorders was 7.08%. Multi Logistic regression analysis presented that duration of endotracheal intubation (OR=1.060,P<0.001), pre-operative arrhythmia (OR=2.780,P=0.019), NYHA grade (OR=1.789, P=0.033) and Euroscore (OR=1.216,P=0.040) were the relevant factors for the occurrence of acquired swallowing disorders in adult patients after cardiac surgery. Conclusion: Medical professionals should pay special attention to patients with above mentioned risk features at post-operative drinking to reduce the complications of acquired swallowing disorders.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Nitriles ; poisoning ; Rabbits

Objective To study the relationship between self-esteem and childhood abuse, life events among male violent adolescent. Methods According to the modified overt aggression scale, juvenile delinquents were divided into violent group (n = 128 )and nonviolent group (n = 118 ). All the participants were investigated by Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 Item Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Adolescent SelfRating Life Events (ASLEC) and conducted correlation and regression analysis. Results ①Violent group had lower self-esteem scores ( 22.73 ± 3.30 ) than the nonviolent group ( 23.81 ± 3.30, P ＜ 0.05 ). Violent group had higher scores in physical abuse, sexual abuse, total life events, interpersonal relationship, punishment, and other (8.30 ±4.07, 7.23 ±2.26, 54.48 ±18.60, 10.09 ±3.84, 14.43 ±5.87, 4.93 ±3.15, 9.93 ±3.64), compared to the nonviolent group (7.27 ± 3.27, 6.60 ± 2.09, 45.40 ± 18.45, 8.42 ± 4.13, 11.07 ± 5.75, 3.66 ±2.81, 7.84 ±3.66, P＜0. 05). ②The self-esteem was significantly negative correlated with the childhood abuse and life events( r= -0. 143 ～ -0. 358, P＜ 0.01 ) among violent male adolescents. ③The physical abuse and punishment had significant prediction function of 15.6% on self-esteem. Conclusions Violent adolescents have low self-esteem, which is closely related to childhood abuse and adolescent life events.

Objective Few studies are reported on the radicular groove and root canal variation of the mandibular first premolar.This study aimed to observe the root canal system and root variation of the mandibular first premolar by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods We selected CBCT images of 643 mandibular first premolars of 336 patients and subjected the data obtained to statistical analysis.Results Of the 643 mandibular first premolars, 637 (99.1％) had a single root and the other 6 had double roots;502 (78.1％) had a single root canal, 133 (20.7％) had two, 5 (0.78％) had three, and 3 (0.47％) presented C-shaped root canal morphology.The average length of the 643 mandibular first premolars was (13.2±1.5) mm and the mean distance from the apical foramen to the anatomical apical end of the root was (0.93±0.35) mm.Totally, 123 (19.1％) of the mandibular first premolars had a radicular groove, of which 94 (76.4％) had double root canals and the root canal systems included typesⅠ in 24 (19.5％), Ⅱ in 2 (1.6％), Ⅲ in 19 (15.4％), Ⅳ in 1 (0.8％), Ⅴ in 69 (56.1％), and Ⅶ in 3 (2.4％).Conclusion The root canal system of the mandibular first premolar has a significant variation.CBCT can reveal the complex anatomical structure of the mandibular first premolar and provide reliable evidence for the root canal treatment.

The exploration of drug toxicity and mechanisms is a vital component in ensuring the safe use of drugs in clinical practice, as this topic has attracted widespread concern. The intestinal flora holds great significance for drug metabolism, efficacy and mechanism, and is an instrumental metabolic organ that facilitates material information transfer and biotransformation. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal bacteria are closely related to the toxicity of specific drugs. On the one hand, drugs are transformed into toxic metabolites under the influence of intestinal bacteria, thus inducing direct drug toxicity. On the other hand, the composition and function of the intestinal flora are altered under drug influence, resulting in disruption of endogenous metabolic pathways. Consequently, this disruption compromises the intestinal barrier and affects other organs, leading to indirect drug toxicity. This review meticulously compiles recent examples of drug toxicity attributed to intestinal bacteria, explores in depth the contention that metabolic enzymes of gut microbiota may be of great influence on oral drug toxicity, and outlines prospective avenues for future research on gut microbiota and drug toxicity and mechanisms. This not only provides novel perspectives for the judicious clinical utilization of drugs but also offers insights for the safety assessment of innovative pharmaceuticals.

This study was aimed to explore five Chinese medicine components or ingredients from Qu-Shi Hua-Y u Decoction (QSHYD) with uniform design method and screen ingredients assembling of Chinese medicine BZL pre-scription in order to verify its therapeutic effect on experimental fatty liver rats. High-fat diet was used in the estab-lishment of fatty liver rat models. Five effective ingredients (i.e., chlorogenic acid, geniposide, curcumin, polydatin and polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz) of QSHYD were used as study subjects. Uniform design was applied in the grouping design. The intragastric administration was given for four weeks. The screening index was the content of liver triglyceride (TG). The ingredients assembling of Chinese medicine BZL prescription was screened through uniform design and regression analysis. The same fatty liver animal model was used in the comparison be-tween QSHYD and rosiglitazone. The TG content in liver tissues of rats and serum ALT activity were detected. The pathological changes of liver tissues were observed (HE stain and oil red O stain) with Ridit analysis to verify its therapeutic effect. The results showed that through screening, the regression equation was Y = 15.083X1 + 5.321X2- 5.186X3 - 16.157X4 + 9.35X5 + 17.667X3X4 - 8.422X1X2 - 6.617X3X5 + 16.571 (X1: chlorogenic acid, X2:polydatin, X3: polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, X4: geniposide, X5: curcumin). According to this equation, the best TG reducing effect occurred when the chlorogenic acid (X1), polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (X3), and geniposide (X4) were the maximum dosage. It showed that the best combination in inhibiting TG content in liver tissues was X3, X4 and X1 (i.e. BLZ prescription). Among fatty liver rat mod-els induced with same high-fat diet, the screened Chinese medicine ingredient BZL prescription can obviously reduce its TG content in liver tissues and serum ALT activity ( P < 0 . 01 ) . It obviously improved the fatty degen-eration of rat's liver. It was concluded that ingredients assembling of Chinese medicine BZL prescription screened through uniform design can obviously prevent and treat fat deposition and injury of the liver among rat models induced by high-fat diet .