Objective To develop a questionnaire for factors influencing the quality of nursing interns.Methods The factors influencing the quality of nursing interns were formulated through literature review,interview and expert consultation.The pre-questionnaire was developed after modification.Exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to examine the reliability and validity of this questionnaire.Results Six common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis.Factor loading ranged from 0.487 to 0.889 for each item.The Cronbach α of the total scale was 0.814,and that of subscales ranged from 0.802 to 0.863.Retest-reliability coefficient of the total scale was 0.863,and that of subscales ranged from 0.794 to 0.931.Conclusions The self-designed questionnaire for factors influencing the quality of nursing interns has good reliability and validity,and can be used to measure the influencing factors for nursing interns.

Objective To investigate the prostecdtive therapeutic efficacy of pulsed radiofrenquency and radiofrequency thermocoagulationof the Gasserian ganglion guided with spiral CT on trigeminal neuralgia. Methods 100 patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgiawere treated with pulsed radiofrenquency or radiofrequency thermocoagulation of gasserian ganglion. The numeric rating scales (NRS) ofpain were recorded before and 0.5 year, 1 year, and 2 years after treatment. Results There was no difference in NRS within 1 year, but the recurrencerate was high in the paitents accepted pulsed radiofrenquency 2 years later (P<0.01). Conclusion Pulsed radiofrenquency of thegasserian ganglion is safe and effective on trigeminal neuralgia, but poor in long-term outcome.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and side-effect of pulsed radiofrequency and radiofrequency thermocoagulation for gasserian ganglion guided by spiral CT on trigeminal neuralgia. Methods 100 patients diagnosed as idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia were treated with pulsed radiofrequency or radiofrequency thermocoagulation for gasserian ganglion. They were assessed with numeric rating scales (NRS) before and 1 d，3 d，1 week， 1 month, 6 months and 12 month after treatment. The side effects were recorded. Results There was significant decrease in the scores of NRS after treatment compared with those before (P<0.01) in both groups. No serious side effects were observed. Conclusion Pulsed radiofrequency for gasserian ganglion for trigeminal neuralgia was effective and less side-effect.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of low dose of dexamethasone on the blood glucose concentration in patients undergoing craniotomy. Methods20 consecutive patients undergoing craniotomy without a preexisting metabolic disorder were prospectively randomized into 1 of 2 groups: Dexamethasone (group D, n=10) and Normal Saline (group S, n=10), who were given dexamethasone 10 mg intravenous bolus or a saline placebo preoperatively. Arterial glucose concentrations were measured immediately before and after treatment and hourly for 5 hours intraoperatively. ResultsThe arterial glucose concentration in group D increased significantly(F=3.133,P<0.05), while those in group S keep stable. Compared with group S, arterial glucose concentration in group D increased significantly 180 min after dosing(P<0.01). ConclusionIf dexamethasone is used during craniotomy, perioperative blood glucose level should be carefully monitored and controled.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) combined with Tianshu capsule on migraine.Methods Ninty patients with migraine were randomly divided into the trial group (n=44, treated by SGB combined with Tianshu capsule) and control group (n=46, treated by SGB only). All patients of two groups were evaluated with numeric rating score (NRS) for pain before treatment and 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after treatment, and the therapeutic effects of two groups were compared.Results The NRS scores of patients in the two groups at each time point decreased, but scores of patients in the trial group were significantly lower than that in the control group at 3 days, 1 month and 3 months after treatment ( P<0.05). The effective rate of the trial group was superior to that of the control group ( P<0.05).Conclusion SGB combined with Tianshu capsule is more effective on migraine and has less side effect.

Conventional diagnostic methods used for pathologic nipple discharge (PND) include color ultrasound, mammary mo-lybdenum target X-ray radiography (mammography), nipple cytologic smears, and ductography. Diagnosis of PND through inspection yields indirect signs and has low positive rate. Fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) allows direct visualization of intra-ductal lesions, evaluates etiology of PND, and accurately locates intraductal lesions through wire marking. FDS is a valuable test for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and can help identify appropriate location for surgical excision. Interventional treatment for ductal ectasia and inflamma-tion is also efficient. Our study discusses FDS as a novel diagnosis and treatment method for PND patients.

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of breast cancer and affects the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, decreases blood glucose level and has a role in suppressing various cancers. In addition, metformin has a unique in-hibitory effect on breast cancer, i.e., it can inhibit breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, metformin exerts its anti-tumor ef-fect on epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positive and monoclonal antibody trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell lines, breast cancer stem cells, and triple negative breast cancer cells. Metformin can reduce the risk of the breast cancer in patients with dia-betes, lower histologic grade, and increase expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Furthermore, metformin has certain effect on neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. This review aims to clarify the mechanism of metformin in restraining breast cancer based on basic and clinical study results.

Objective To investigate the current status of nursing undergraduate students′ self-differentiation and career adaptability and analyze the correlation of the two, so as to provide a reference for nursing educators to offer employment guidance. Methods The Undergraduate Self-Differentiation Scale and The College Students′Career Adaptability Questionnaire were used to investigate 341 nursing undergraduates. Results The mean scores of the self-differentiation and the career adaptability were (3.70±0.60) points and (3.60±0.42) points, respectively. It showed that the total score of self-differentiation and its each dimension were positively correlated with career adaptability, the Pearson correlation coefficients were career adjustment 0.26, career interpersonal 0.38, career curiosity 0.32, career confidence 0.39, career concerns 0.27, career control 0.46, and the coefficients between two total scales were 0.46 (all P<0.05). Conclusions The self-differentiation level of nursing undergraduates could affect their career adaptation level, and clinical nursing educators can take corresponding measures to improve their career adaptability based on the characteristics of nursing students′self-differentiation.

Objective To find out the satisfaction changes among young medical workers and explore the influence of the healthcare reform on such people.Methods A survey was conducted by means of random sampling among 716 medical workers under 45 years old from 6 hospitals,and combined with the survey data in 2009,young medical workers′satisfaction changes and the influencing factors were analyzed.Results Young medical workers′satisfaction is generally low,with declining satisfaction of social respect as well;satisfaction of medical workers in community medical institutions and secondary medical institutions was found declining dramatically.Conclusions Healthcare reform should pay more attention to these young people in terms of their own satisfaction,especially for those working at primary healthcare institutions.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of dissolution of Xiaocaihu pill,and compare the differ-ence of preparation from different manufacturers. METHODS:Using 0.1 mol/L HCl as dissolution medium,rotating basket method was used to determine the dissolution of preparations. HPLC was adopted to determine the content of baicalin:column was TSKgel ODS C18 with mobile phase of methanol-water-phosphoric acid (65∶35∶0.7,V/V/V) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,detection wave-length was 280 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃,and injection volume was 5 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of baicalin was 0.488-124.8 mg/L (r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%;recovery was 100.14%-104.78%(RSD=1.58%,n=9). The average t50(50% dissolution time)of baicalin was 85.81 min. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple with good precision,stability and reproducibility,and can be used for the dissolution determination of Xiaocaihu pill. Xiaocaihu pill from different manufacturers shows great differences,both preparation formulation and clinical use should attach importance to the dissolution of solid preparations.