0.05). The maximum color differences ( ?E) in the selected firing cycles were 2.279 8 and 1.389 4 for GI Ⅱand Vita In Ceram Alumina groups respectively, the maximum ?E between the two groups was 2.295 6, which fell into the clinically acceptable threshold for color differences. Conclusion: Color stability of all ceramic restorations with GI Ⅱand Vita In Ceram Alumina as substructure can be guaranteed after repeated firing of veneering porcelain up to 10 times.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with umbilical ring point ginger-partition moxibustion for ulcerative colitis of spleen-kidney yang deficiency type, and to observe its influence on the related inflammatory factors. Methods Sixty qualified cases were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 30 in each group. Both groups were given oral use of live combined bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus capsules, and the treatment group received acupuncture and umbilical ring point ginger-partition moxibustion together. After one treatment course ( four weeks) , the therapeutic effect was evaluated, and the changes of serum levels of related inflammatory factors of tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were observed. Moreover, the safety was monitored. Results(1) The total effective rate was 86.67% in the treatment group and 66.67% in the control group, the difference being significant between the two groups (P<0.05). (2) The serum TNF-α and IL-8 levels were decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the decrease in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group ( P<0.05). ( 3) No obvious reverse action was found in the two groups. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with umbilical ring point ginger-partition moxibustion is effective and safe for the treatment of ulcerative colitis of spleen-kidney yang deficiency type.

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of early removal of chest tubes after video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAST) lobectomy for lung cancer. Methods A retrospective study was performed based on the clinical data of sixty consecutive patients who underwent VATS lobectomy plus mediastinal lymph nodes dissection for lung cancer from October 2013 to September 2014 in a single center. Thirty patients were enrolled into the early removal management group (chest tubes removal when the drainage volume is less than 300 mL/d), while the other thirty patients were enrolled into the traditional management group (chest tubes removal at the drainage volume less than 100 mL/d ). Results Patients who underwent early removal management had a shorter time of chest tubes removal and postoperative hospital stay compared to the patients in the traditional management group [(2.10 ± 0.99) d vs. (3.83 ± 1.41) d, t = 5.485, P = 0.000; (7.97 ± 1.54) d vs. (9.20 ± 2.01)d, t = 2.669, P = 0.010)]. No statistically significant differences were observed among the drainage volume, postoperative complications and symptoms on fifteen days post-operation. No complication occurred on thirty days post-operation. Conclusions Early removal of the chest tubes after VATS lobectomy ,when the drainage volume is less than 300 mL/d,is safe and feasible. This leads to a shorter length of hospital stay without addtional risk of early postoperative complications.

BACKGROUND: The middle-school stage is the key period of personality figuring and taking shape.The mentation in this period is filled with a lot of special psychological contradictions and conflicts. Long-term psychological worry will affect the formation of perfect personality.OBJECTIVE: To understand the psychological health status in the middle-school students of Zhuang nationality and the main factors of influence.DESIGN: Randomized cluster sampling and questionnaire investigation based on middle-school students.SETTING: Department of Preventive Medicine, Youjiang Medical College of Nationalities.PARTICIPANTS: 2 000 middle-school students of 34 classes from 3 middle schools in Baise City and Longlin County were selected to attend the investigation with randomized cluster sampling method in November 2003.METHODS: The psychological health statuses of middle-school students were evaluated with symptom checklist (SCL).The list contained 90 items,including 9 factors of psychological symptom such as somatization,compulsion,sensitivity to human relations,anxiety,depression,hostility,dread,paranoia and psychosis.The grading system from 1 to 5 grades was used and the standard of the adult norm of the whole country was refered to:Factor score＜1.8 was normal;Factor score from 1.8 to 2.0 was mild abnormality;Factor score from 2.1 to 3.0 was moderate abnormality;Factor score＞3.0 was severe abnormality. Instructive words were unified.The investigative method and behavior were normalized.The questionnaires were filled in without recording the names and taken back from the spot and then compared with the norm of the whole country.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The evaluated result of psychological health in middle-school students.RESULTS: 2 000 questionnaires were provided and 1 855 were valid after return with the effective rate 92.75%. ①The average scores of each factor of SCL were all higher in the middle-school students of Zhuang nationality than in the norm of the whole country. The significance of difference existed(P=0.000).②The scores of somatization,depression,anxiety,dread and psychosis were all higher in the schoolgirls than in the schoolboys.The significance of difference existed (P=0.000).③Except hostility factor,the scores of other factors were higher in the senior middle-school students than in the junior middle-school students.The difference was statistically significant(P=0.000).④The arranged sequences(from bigness to smallness) of each factor that affected psychological health of middle-school students of Zhuang nationality in Baise were depression,somatization,compulsion,anxiety,sensitivity to human relations,psychosis,paranoia,hostility and dread.The sensitivity to human relations ranked 4th and the anxiety ranked 6th in the schoolboys,but the orders of the 2 factors were just the opposite in the schoolgirls and the orders of other factors were the same in both the schoolboys and the schoolgirls.The first 3 factors all were:depression,somatization, compulsion.CONCLUNSION: The psychological health status was lower in the middle-school students of Zhuang nationality than in the norm of the whole country and the first 3 factors that affected their psychological health were:depression,somatization and compulsion. The levels of psychological health on somatization,depression,anxiety,dread and psychosis were lower in the schoolgirls than in the schoolboys. The psychological problems were more serious in the senior middle-school students than in the junior middleschool students. The levels of psychological health in middle-school students of Zhuang nationality were relatively lower and the psychological education and intervention study should be provided aiming at psychological characteristics of different population.

Objective To explore the expression of growth associated protein-43(GAP-43)in the inferior colliculus in rats following bilateral cochlear ablation.Methods 35 healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups:3,7,14,21,28,90 days following bilateral cochlear ablation and the sham operation group as the control group.The immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of GAP-43 after bilateral cochlear ablation in each group.Results GAP-43 was expressed in each group.The GAP-43 expression in bilateral cochlear ablation group were higher than that in the control group.The expression increased at 3 days,followed by a constant increase at 7 to 14 days with the peak on day 14.On day 21 the GAP-43 expression began to decrease.The mean gray level of GAP-43 in all the staining of groups had statistic significance compared to the control group except the group of day 90.However,in all the 7 groups,the mean gray level between the left and right ears had no statistic significance.Conclusion The change of GAP-43 expression in the inferior colliculus following bilateral cochlear ablation reflects synaptic plasticity in inferior colliculus the neurons.

Objective To investigate the effect of remifentanil pretreatment on lipid peroxidation following acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (1/R) in rabbits. MethodsForty healthy adult rabbits of both sexes weighing 1.5-2.5 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group control (group Ⅰ ); group I/R(group Ⅱ ); group morphine pretreatment + I/R (group Ⅲ ); group remifentanil (group Ⅳ ) and group remifentanil pretreatment + I/R (group Ⅴ ). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 2％ pentobarbital 45 mg/kg and were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. PET CO2 was maintained between 35-45 mm Hg. Myocardial I/R was induced by iv pituitrin 2.5 U/kg in group Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅴ. In group Ⅰ and Ⅳ normal saline 0.3 ml/kg was injected iv instead of pituitrin. In group Ⅲ morphine 3.3 mg/kg was injected iv at 30 min before iv pituitrin. In group Ⅳ and V remifentanil was infused at 3.3 μg· kg-1 ·min-1 for 30 min before iv normal saline and pituitrin.Venous blood samples were taken before (baseline) and at 24 h and 48 h after iv pituitrin for determination of serum cTnI concentration. The myocardial specimens were taken at T3 after blood sampling for microscopic examination and determination of SOD activity and MDA content. ResultsIntravenous pituitrin 2.5 U/kg significantly increased serum cTnI concentration and myocardial MDA content and decreased myocardial SOD activity in group Ⅱas compared with group Ⅰ . Morphine or remifentanil preatment significantly attenuated the myocardial I/R-induced changes mentioned above. Microscopic examination showed that myocardial tissue damages were ameliorated in group V as compared with group Ⅱ . ConclusionRemifentanil pretreament can attenuate acute myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

BACKGROUND:The main way for long-segmental ureteral reconstruction may cause a lot of traumas and complications. Therefore, to seek a new repair method is urgent. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility of a tissue-engineered tubular graft for ureteral reconstruction. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and smooth muscle cels of rabbits were seeded into the two surfaces of bladder acelular matrix and cultivated for 7 days. Then the graft was used to prepare a 4-cm long tissue-engineered tubular graft, which was regarded as experimental group. Smooth muscle cels seeded onto the bladder acelular matrix was used to construct the tissue-engineered tubular graft as control group. Twenty-five New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=5), and two kinds of tubular grafts covered with omentum were implanted into the two groups, respectively, for repair of ureteral defects. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical detection were performed at 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the experimental group, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed epithelial coverage and muscle fibers on the lumen of tissue-engineered tubular grafts at 8 weeks after implantation; immunohistochemistry showed that anti-AE1/AE3 antibody and anti-uroplakinⅢa antibody were positive, confirming that there were mature epithelial cels on the lumen of tissue-engineered tubular grafts. In the control group, five rabbits were dead within 2 weeks after removal of ureteral scaffold, and autopsy showed scar formation inside the graft and severe hydronephrosis. These results demonstrate that it is feasible to construct the tissue-engineered tubular graft using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and smooth muscle cels into the bladder acelular matrix for ureteral reconstruction. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels can potentialy promote urothelial regeneration.

BACKGROUND:Urothelial cells are important seeding cells for urinary tissue engineering, but they are difficult to proliferate in vitro. Several studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into urothelial cells, but how these cells functions in vivo in epithelium generation after implantation, and the application of these cells in tissue engineering, are rarely studied. OBJECTIVE:To explore the isolation and proliferation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that are induced into urothelial cells in combination with rabbit bladder acellular matrix to construct tissue-engineered grafts, and to assess the effect of the induced cells as seeding cells. METHODS:Twelve 8-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits were chosen to obtain bone marrow samples through tibia puncture, and to isolate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by density gradient centrifugation. Then the fourth or fifth generation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in conditioned medium for 2 weeks, and then identified by PCR and immunofluorescence. After that, the induced cells were seeded on rabbit bladder acellular matrix to construct tissue-engineered grafts for bladder repairing. Another 12 rabbits served as control group, and urothelial cells combined with bladder acellular matrix was used for bladder repairing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were successful y cultured and proliferated in vitro. After induction, PCR detection suggested that stem cellmarker (CD44) expression decreased, and epithelial cellmarker (UP1a) expression increased in the induced cells. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the induced cells rather than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were positive for specific urothelial marker, UP1a. A stable continuous epithelial layer was observed on tissue-engineered grafts constructed by induced cells after 2 weeks, similar to the grafts built by urothelial cells. Induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into urothelial cells that can be used as seeding cells for urinary tissue engineering, which may be another choice out of urothelial cells.

Objective To evaluate the value of interstitial magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) to identify the sentinel lymph node (SLN) of breast cancer.Methods Totally 58 patients with invasive breast cancer were consecutive collected.15 mL of Gd-DTPA and 2 mL of mepivacain hydrochloride 2% were mixed and 0.5 mL of them was injected into the outside of the subareolar breast tissue.MRI was performed with Siemens 3.0 T Magnetom Trio MRI instrument using volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination sequence.Axillary lymph flow was tracked on maximum intensity projection (MIP) and sentinel lymph nodes were identified by interstitial MRL as M-SLN.All M-SLN were marked by a method of surface capsule localization.During surgery, methylene blue was used as tracer and SLNs stained by it were detected and excised by following the blue lymphatic vessels,these were designated as D-SLN.The numbers of SLNs detected by interstitial MRL and stained by methylene blue during operation were compared by paired samples rank-sum test and the correlation was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation test.Assessing the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of interstitial MRL for diagnosing M-SLN.Results A total of 75 M-SLNs (average 1.60 ± 0.52) were identified by interstitial MRL.During operation, all M-SLNs were easily resected under the guidance of skin marker.91 D-SLNs (average 1.94±0.63) were stained by methylene blue, which was significant more than those of the M-SLNs.There was a strong correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 0.69,P<0.001) between the SLNs identified by these two methods.Interstitial MRL in diagnosing D-SLN metastasis of breast cancer had a sensitivity of 95.8%,specificity of 88.9%,and accuracy of 93.3%.Conclusion Interstitial MRL can accurately identify the axillary sentinel lymph node and guide the biopsy.It may have great clinical value in the future.

Objective To analyze the influence factors on quality of life(QOL) in patients with ovarian cancer in order to provide the basis for improving QOL of patients with ovarian cancer .Methods The quality of life of 73 patients with ovarian cancer was investigated by QLICP‐OV questionnaire .Descriptive statistics ,one‐way analysis of variance ,t‐test and multiple linear regres‐sion analysis were used to explore impact factors of quality of life .Results The total QOL score of 73 patients with ovarian cancer was 64 .85 ± 9 .37 .Single factor analysis indicated that nation ,marital status ,education ,occupation and medical treatments were sig‐nificantly related to some domains scores of the QLICP‐OV(P<0 .05) .The multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that the influence factor on quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer for the domain of physical function was education with regression coefficient being -9 .786;Influence factor for the domain of psychological function was education with regression coefficient being 6 .559;the influencing factors for the specific module were marital status ,medical treatment ,and age with regression coefficients be‐ing -9 .174 ,-7 .142 and 0 .245 ,respectively .Conclusion The quality of life in patients with ovarian cancer was low and it was af‐fected by a lot of factors .