Anemia ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; etiology ; therapy ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Blood Transfusion ; Erythropoietin ; blood ; therapeutic use ; Hemoglobins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Receptors, Erythropoietin ; blood

BACKGROUND:It is proved by a number of experiments that such a structure as Bungner band-Schwann cell-basilar membrane,which is formed at 2 or 3 weeks after nerve injury,is the ideal microenvironment for neural regeneration. However,the sprouting of nerve fiber close to broken ends takes place at several hours after nerve injury,which shows that the regeneration of nerve fiber and the formation of required microenvironment don't occurred at the same time.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the best repairing time for peripheral nerve injury.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized control animal experiment was performed in the Animal Experiment Centre,Harbin Medical University from June 2007 to June 2008.MATERIALS:A total of 20 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups,namely,an immediate repairing group and the other three groups that were repaired respectively at week 2,week 4 and month 3 after injury.METHODS:Peripheral nerve injury models of New Zealand rabbits were established. The immediate repairing group received suture immediately after injury;For the other three groups,the two broken ends of their nerves were fixed on sarcoiemmas temporarily and their wounds were sutured layer by layer. Then they were opened respectively at week 2,week 4 and month 3 after injury,to receive epineural suture with non traumatic 10-0 nylon suture under operating microscope,after which wounds were sutured again.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Nerve electrophysiological observation,axon number,light microscope and electron microscope observation of sutured nerve segments in each group.RESULTS:Nerves repaired at week 2 after injury had a slower nerve conduction velocity than those at week 4 and month 3 after injury (P＜0.01);There was no difference of significance between the immediate repairing group and the group repaired at week 2 after injury (P＞0.05). According to the comparison among the four groups:it had the best repairing effect to repair nerve at week 2 after injury,with normal course and neat arrangement of nerve fibers,vascular proliferation in nerve fibers,myelin sheaths with better structure,Schwann ceils with active function,as well as regenerated axons with intensively arranged microfilaments;Repairing at week 4 after injury had the worst effect,with rare nerve fivers disorderly arranged,myelin sheath and axons significantly degenerated,most nerve fibers demyelinated with axons disappeared,and no regenerated nerve fibers seen;Repairing at month 3 saw the worse repairing effect,with more nerve fiber damaged and disorderly arranged,myelin sheath and axons significantly degenerated,nerve fibers rarely regenerated,less Schwann cells,as well as cytoplasm did not well develope;The effect of immediate repairing after injury was better,with nerve fibers unobviously damaged and well arranged,myelin sheath and axons lightly degenerated,large amounts of myelin sheaths regenerated in nerve fibers,Schwann cells increased obviously,as well as cytoplasms better-developed. Axon counting result was better in the group repaired at week 2 after injury than the otherthree groups,with the minimum in the group repaired at week 4 after injury.CONCLUSION:Repairing at week 2 after injury can get a better result than at any other time points,accordingly two weeks after nerve injury is the best time for repairing peripheral nerve injury.

BACKGROUND: At present the strategy of nerve regeneration and repairng are main promoting nerve intrinsic regeneration capacity and improving the micro-environment. Studies have shown a number of combined treatment which could promote the regeneration and growth of nerve axon.OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and effect of rat spinal cord injury repaired by peripheral nerve combined growth factor. METHODS: Sixty healthy adult female SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: nerve graft group, nerve graft combined growth factor group, spinal cord transaction group and laminectomy group. Taking T_9 as the center, a longitudinal incision was conducted in rat skin, revealing dural sac, spinal cord was transected and removed 3 mm, 2-cm segment of the eighth to tenth intercostal nerve was obtained from nerve graft group and nerve graft combined with growth factor group, autologous intercostal nerve was cross-transplanted into spinal defect (proximal white matter and distal gray matter, distal white matter and proximal gray matter) after pruning appropriately. The transplanted intercostal nerves were fixed with fibrin glue in nerve graft group, while those in nerve graft combined growth factor group were fixed with fibrin glue containing 2.1 mg/L acidic fibroblast growth factor, followed by dural suture～ Stump of broken ends was done in spinal cord transection group, while laminectomy was performed in laminectomy group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 90 days post-surgery, somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were determined, the motor function of hind limbs was evaluated by the Basso. Beattie.Bresnahan (BBB) test at 70 days. Both SEP and MEP were led in the laminectomy group, but not lead in spinal cord transection group; in nerve graft group, 3 rats showed bilateral SEP, 4 led unilateral SEP, 4 led bilateral MEP, 3 led unilateral MEP; in nerve graft combined with growth factor group, 5 led bilateral SEP and 2 led unilateral SEP, 5 led bilateral MEP and 2 led unilateral MEP. The SEP and MEP latency and amplitude in the nerve graft group and nerve graft combined growth factor group were significantly superior to the spinal cord transection group (P < 0.01), autologous rib nerve graft group was better than nerve graft combined growth factor group (P <0.01). In the laminectomy group, awake rats following anesthesia returned to normal exercise, rats in spinal cord transection group continued to extend limbs and rotated within 3 months, rats in other two groups recovered functions obviously 3 weeks post-surgery and gradually restored throughout the entire observation period. Nerve graft group and nerve graft combined growth factor group showed significantly increased BBB score compared with spinal cord transection were (P < 0.01), and the nerve graft combined growth factor group was superior to nerve graft group (P < 0.01). The peripheral nerve graft can promote the spinal function following spinal cord injury, while the nerve combined growth factor can better restore the function.

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β_1, a potent cell growth and proliferation regulatory proteins, plays an important role in development of anti-graft rejection and graft vascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To observe local injection of TGF-β_1 effects on transplant immune rejection following freezing disposal and nerve allograft. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal study was performed at the Animal Experimental Center, Harbin Medical University from June 2007 to June 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 60 clean SD rats (recipients) were divided into 3 groups: autogenous nerve graft group, nerve allograft group, TGF-β_1 plasmid + nerve allograft group, 20 in each group. A total of 40 Wistar male rats served as donors. pAdTrack-CMV-TGF-β_1 plasmid, pAdEasy-1-Bj51833 cells were presented by the Orthopedic Laboratory of Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University. METHODS: Longitudinal posterolateral incision was made in 40 donor rats to expose sciatic nerve. The whole bilateral sciatic nerve was cut and placed in sterile frozen tubes for 1 week for use. Under the microscope, connective tissue was cut in the biceps muscle and semi-tendon and semi-membrane gap of recipient rats to expose the sciatic nerve. 1-cm sciatic nerve was cut 0.5 cm below the muscle from the plow-shaped hole. Transplantation of frozen autogenous nerve graft and nerve allograft (nerve at equal size) was separately performed in the autogenous nerve graft and nerve allograft groups. In the TGF-β_1 plasmid + nerve allograft group, pAdTrack-CMV-TGF-β_1 plasmid (40 μg) was injected into the local muscle and two sides of transected sciatic nerve of each rat following nerve allograft transplantation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Motor nerve conduction velocity, pathology and axonal counting were examined 3, 6, 9 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Motor nerve conduction velocity was higher in the TGF-β_1 plasmid + nerve allograft group than in the nerve allograft group (P < 0.01), which did not show significant difference compared with the autogenous nerve graft group. Axonal counting was greater in the autogenous nerve graft and TGF-β_1 plasmid + nerve allograft groups compared with the nerve allograft group 9 weeks following surgery (P < 0.01). Using optical microscope and electron microscope, nerve fibers were normal and well arranged in the TGF-β_1 plasmid + nerve allograft group. Nerve fibers presented vascular proliferation, good myelin sheath. Abundant regenerated myelin sheath was found in nerve fiber. The number of Schwann cells was obviously increased, and there were prosperous cytoplasm, a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum, clear mitochondria. In regenerated axons, microfilament closely arranged, which was similar to the autogenous nerve graft group. In the nerve allograft group, the optical microscope and electron microscope showed a few nerve fibers, disorderly arranged, significant demyelination, axon degeneration and disappearance, without regenerated fibers. CONCLUSION: Local injection of TGF-β_1 plasmid could reduce immune rejection after cold sciatic nerve allograft transplantation.

AIM To investigate the effect of fenofibrate and simvastatin on the serum free fatty acids of alcoholic fatty liver in rats. METHODS The rat model of alcoholic fatty liver was reproduced by chronic ethanol ingestion plus olive oil diet. The model rats were divided into three groups as follows: finofibrate treatment group(finofibrate 80 mg?kg -1 po, once a day),simvastatin treatment group (simvastatin 4 mg?kg -1 po, once a day)and control group without either above-mentioned treatment. Experimental rats were treated for four weeks and then sacrificed for blood sampling. Serum free fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS Fenofibrate significantly ameliorated the decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids induced by ethanol [oleic acid:(38.212?7.788) ?g?L -1 vs (31.620?6.142) ?g?L -1,linoleic acid:(37.269?8.065) ?g?L -1 vs (30.254?9.063) ?g?L -1,arachidonic acid:(11.646?2.601) ?g?L -1 vs (9.012?1.236) ?g?L -1] accompanied by the improvement of the fat infiltration of the liver, but demonstrated no effect on the increase in serum saturated fatty acids by ethanol. In the contrast, simvastatin can aggravate the decrease in polyunsatrurated fatty acids and significantly increase the levels of satrurated fatty acids in serum induced by ethanol along with the pathological aggravation of alcoholic fatty liver. CONCLUSION The results of present study revealed that fenofibrate and simvastatin exerted different effect on the serum free fatty acids of alcoholic fatty liver. Polyunsatrurated fatty acids in the serum play an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment response of alcoholic fatty liver.

A canine distemper virus strain was isolated from the lung of dog coming from Aksu in Xing Jiang using lung primary M cell during the CDV molecular epidemiological study. It was demonstrated to be a virulent strain of CDV by a series of systematic identification such as morphology , serology neutralization test, canine infection test, and molecular virology test.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Shenfu Injection (SF, ginesenoside and aconite alkaloid) on the apoptosis of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells during ischemia-reperfusion in rats and its potential mechanisms.

METHODSIschemia-reperfusion model was established in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups with 8 rats in each, eg, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, SF-treated group, and control group. In both SF and I/R groups, the superior mesenteric artery was closed with forceps for 1 hour and then reperfused for 2 hours. Either SF (3 ml/kg, SF group) or normal saline (I/R and control groups) was injected intravenously and continuously for 5 ml/kg with a micropump before the superior mesenteric artery was closed. The superior mesenteric artery was not closed for animals in control group. The expression of casapse-3 and Fas, and the level of TNF-alpha and pathological changes of the ileal mucosal tissue were assayed.

RESULTS(1) The number of apoptosis cells increased obviously in I/R group and was significantly higher than that in SF and control groups (P<0.05). (2) The expression of caspase-3, Fas, and TNF-alpha was significantly higher in I/R group than SF and control groups (P<0.01); however, there was not significant difference in the expression of capase-3 between control group and SF group. There was a positive correlation between the expression of caspase-3, Fas, and TNF-alpha, and the number of apoptosis cells. (3) Under light microscope, intestinal mucosal impairment was found milder in SF group than I/R group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSF can depress the apoptosis of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells during ischemia-reperfusion by restraining the expression of TNF-alpha, Fas, caspase-3, and accordingly alleviate the ischemia and reperfusion injury of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; physiology ; Female ; Intestinal Mucosa ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

Bias ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo assess the antitumor efficacy and adverse effects of bortezomib either used alone or in combination with arsenic trioxide for transplanted tumor in nude mice.

METHODSNude mice bearing HL-60 cell xenografts were randomized into 4 groups to receive treatment with normal saline, bortezomib, arsenic trioxide, bortezomib plus arsenic trioxide. The tumor growth inhibition and general condition of the nude mice were observed, and in situ TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry were performed on the transplanted tumors.

RESULTSBortezomib alone and in combination with arsenic trioxide could both inhibit the growth of the transplanted tumors, prolong the survival of the nude mice, and induce cell apoptosis and growth inhibition of the HL-60 cells in vivo, and the combined administration exhibited even better effects. The administration was well tolerated with causing manifest vital organ damages in the mice.

CONCLUSIONBortezomib in combination with arsenic trioxide has significant antitumor effect in nude mice bearing HL-60 cell xenografts possibly by inducing HL-60 cell apoptosis and growth inhibition without producing no significant adverse effects.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Boronic Acids ; pharmacology ; Bortezomib ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Models, Animal ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Leukemia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays