Objective To observe the expression of leptin(Lep) receptor (LepR) and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in the kidneys of obesity-related hypertensive rats ( OHR ) and to explore the mechanism of Lep resistance and water metabolic disorders in them.Methods OHR( model group) were induced by high-fat diet.Normal Wistar rats were chosen as normal control and hypertensive rats(SHR) as positive control.The serum level of triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(TC), Lep, vasopressin ( AVP ) , angiotensinⅡ( AngⅡ) and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG ) was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays ( ELISA) and renal morphology was observed by HE staining.The density of LepR and AngⅡtype 1( AT1) in the kidney was observed by immunohistochemistry.mRNA And protein expression of LepR and AQP2 in the kidney was assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.Results Compared with normal rats,the TG, TC, Lep, AVP, AngⅡand β2-MG of the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and protein and mRNA expression of LepR and AQP2 in the kidney were up-regulated (P<0.05).Compared with SHR group, TG, TC and Lep in serum of the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05).The concentrations of AVP,β2-MG and Lep was linearly related(R2 =0.87,R2 =0.95).Conclusion Water metabolic disorder and Lep resistance may be involved in the kidney injury of OHR, which may be one of the important pathogeneses of obesity-related hypertension.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features and differential diagnosis of 2 patients with renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma (AML), representing 5.4 % of a series of 37 patients undergoing biopsy for renal tumors. Methods:The histopathological, immunohistochemical and clinical characteristics of renal epithelioid angiomyolipoma were studied by immunohistochemical stain for melanoma marker (HMB45), (Pan)melanoma marker Ab-1,cytokeratin (CK), smooth muscle actin (SMA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA),vimentin (Vim), p53, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), Ki67 antigen. Results:Two patients,aged 31 and 39,were alive for 8 and 10 months,respectively.Microscopically, both tumors were mainly made up of diffuse sheets of epithelioid cells and scattered thick-walled blood vessels, necrosis was account for up to 30% of the mass. The epithelioid cells had huge, extremely pleomorphic nuclei with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Scattered tumor giant cells with prominent nuclei were also seen. The epithelioid AML regions of these tumors were immunoreactive for HMB45, (Pan)melanoma marker Ab-1, SMA, Vim and PCNA. Neither atypical epithelioid cells nor typical AML cells were immunoreactive for cytokeratin (CK) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA).Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the renal epithelioid AML was a mild malignant tumor before distant metastases. The differential diagnosis between renal malignant AML and sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma was established by immunohistochemical findings.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of tetramethylpyrazine cooperated with autogenous periosteum graft on fibrous scar formation in the epidural space after laminectomy. Methods48 SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups. Laminectomy was performed in lumbar 2 segment, and the exposed duras were covered with saline solution (group A), tetramethylpyrazine (group B), autogenous periosteum (group C), and tetramethylpyrazine and autogenous periosteum (group D) respectively. 12 weeks postoperatively, they were evaluated with the gross and histopathological observation, biochemistry examination. ResultsThe assessment of Rydell-Balazs and Nussbaum's Criterion of group B, C, D were obviously better than that of group A (P<0.01), and that of group D was superior to group B and C (P<0.05), no significant difference between group B and C (P>0.05). ConclusionTetramethylpyrazine cooperated with autogenous periosteum graft has a better effect on prevention peridural adhesion after laminectomy.

Objective: To observe the effect of ethanol extract of Crataegus Pinnatifida Bge. Var. major N. E. Br. from Hei-longjiang province on hemodynamics of acute myocardial ischemia caused by ligation and platelet aggregation induced by isoproterenol. Methods:After the model establishment of acute myocardial ischemia by ligation in rats, the systolic blood pressure ( SBP) ,diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) , heart rate ( HR ) , left ventricular systolic pressure ( LVSP ) , left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LV-EDP) , left ventricular peak systolic ( +) and diastolic ( -) rate ( ± dp ·dt max-1 ) were recorded. Meanwhile, the acute myocar-dial ischemia model induced by isoproterenol was established. The platelet aggregation was measured by a platelet aggregation instru-ment. Results:The ethanol extract of Crataegus Pinnatifida Bge. Var. major N. E. Br. from Heilongjiang province could significantly increase the SBP, DBP, LVSP, +dp · dtmax-1 and HR, and reduce LVEDP,-dp·dtmax-1 in high dose group with statistical sig-nificance (P<0. 05). The medium dose group had small impact on the DBP, while showed statistically significant effect on the other hemodynamic indices. The low dose group had statistically significant effect on the SBP, LVSP and ± dp·dtmax-1 (P<0. 05), while showed no notable effects on the other indices. The results of aggregation rate in 1 min and 5 min after the determination and the maxi-mum one in the high and medium dose groups showed that the ethanol extract could significantly inhibit the platelet aggregation with sta-tistical significance (P<0. 05). Conclusion:The ethanol extract of Crataegus Pinnatifida Bge. Var. major N. E. Br. can improve the blood flow of acute myocardial ischemia in rats and reduce platelet aggregation after ischemia.

Humans ; Diverticulum, Colon/surgery* ; Cholecystectomy/adverse effects* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Bone is an active tissue in which the processes of remodeling are continuous to ensure normal bone integrity and strength. Steroids play an important role in regulating bone growth, development and remodeling. Glucocorticoids excess will induce bone damages especially osteoporosis. Otherwise, estrogen and androgen are bone protective steroids in both female and male. To develop a new selective steroid receptor modulator is one of the targets in future study to treat osteoporosis.
Adult ; Androgens ; physiology ; Bone Development ; Bone Remodeling ; Estrogens ; physiology ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; prevention & control

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride on Fas/FasL expression during acute lung injury induced by blunt chest trauma-hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR) in rats.Methods Thirty male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 245-275 g, were randomly assigned into 3 equal groups using a random number table: sham operation group (group Sham) , blunt chest trauma-HSR group (group THSR) and penehyclidine hydrochloric group (group PHCD).The model of acute lung injury induced by blunt chest trauma-HSR was induced by dropping a 300 g weight onto a precordium in anesthetized rats.Blood was withdrawn via the femoral artery 5 min later until mean arterial pressure was decreased to 35-45 mmHg within 15 min, and maintained at this level for 60 min, followed by resuscitation.In PHCD group, PHCD 2 mg/kg was injected intravenously at 60 min after hemorrhagic shock.At 6 h after the model was established, the rats were sacrificed, the lungs were then removed for microscopic examination of pathologic changes and for determination of Fas, FasL and caspase-8 expression, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β contents in lung tissues.Apoptotic index was calculated.Results Compared with group Sham, the expression of Fas, FasL and caspase-8 was significantly up-regulated, and AI and contents of IL-6 and IL-1β were increased in THSR and PHCD groups (P＜O.05).Compared with group THSR, the expression of Fas, FasL and caspase-8 was significantly down-regulated,and AI and contents of IL-6 and IL-1β were decreased in group PHCD (P＜0.05).The pathologic changes of lungs were significantly reduced in group PHCD compared with group THSR.Conclusion The mechanism by which penehyclidine hydrochloride inhibits lung cell apoptosis induced by blunt chest trauma-HSR is associated with inhibition of Fas/FasL expression in rats.

Aim By establishing mouse acute myocardial infarction model,to observe the protection of isoflavones on ischemic myocardium and research the mechanism.Methods Mouse acute myocardial infarction model was established by ligating the left anterior descending(LAD)coronary artery.Danshen was used as the positive control.The effect of isoflavones on myocardial infarct area,serum myocardium creatase and serum levels of SOD and MDA was observed.By Real Time PCR,it was found that isoflavones could affect the expression of β-adrenergic receptor kinase(β-ARK_1).Results Isflovones could obviously reduce the myocardial infarct area and lower the levels of serum myocardial creatase and MDA.It could downregulate the expression of β-ARK_1 as the doses are increased.Conclusions Isoflavones can protect the myocardium of acute myocardial infarction mouse.The mechanism is related to the reduction of the oxidative damage,and the downregulation of the expression of β-ARK_1.

Objective To investigate the prottective effect of ulinstatin on lung of rats with sepsis and its mechanism of ameliorating cell apoptosis. Method A total of 40 female SD rats were randomly (random number)divided into the control group and the therapy group (ulinastatin 300 000 u/kg). The rat models of sepsis were produced by the classical method of cecal ligature and puncture (CLP), and the designed doses ulinastatin were given intra-peritoneally to the rats of the ulinastatin group and the same amounts of PBS (phosphate buffered solution) instead of ulinastatin were administered intra-peritoneally to the rats of the control group when the sepsis symptoms appeared usually in 3 hours after modeling. In 12 hours after treatment, lung tissues of rats in two groups were taken for observation under the transmission electron microscopy and detecting the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax protein in lung tissues by using immunohistochemical technique. The levels of the integrated optical density(IOD)of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by using Image-pro plus software and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was calculated. Results Transmission electron microscope showed that lung tissue in control group had inflmmatory changes such as severe congestion and consolidation, and those changes in ulinastatin treatment group (300 000 u/kg)were significantly slighter. There were significant differences in the levels of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 in lung tissue of rats between two groups(P＜0.01), and the level of protein Bcl-2 in ulinas tatin group were higher than those in control group. The level of pro-apoptotic protein Bax in control group were higher than that in ulinastatin group (P＜0.01). The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in ulinas tatin group was higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ulinastatin has protective effect on lung tissue in septic rats, and it may inhibit the inflammatory response and in the same time plays a role in inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the factors affecting the intrahepatic infection after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(PRFA)for liver cancers.Methods:The clinical data of 1567 patients with intrahepatic infection after PRFA for liver cancers(from Dec.1999 to Oct.2007)were retrospectively summarized.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the possible affecting factors.Results:Twenty-eight person-times of intrahepatic infection occurred in 1635 patients who received a total of 2035 times of PRFA.with the infecting rate being 1.38%.The intrahepatic infection-related mortality was 0.13% (2/1567).Univariate analysis indicated that the intrahepatic infection was significantly correlated with metastatic liver cancer, pattern of past abdominal operation,tumor location,tumor size and tumor numbers(P