1.An evaluation of elderly’s memory by subtests belonged the test BEC 96
Journal of Practical Medicine 2002;435(11):13-16
A study on the elderly’s memory was carried out by test BEC 96 has shown that the long-term and short - term memory’s capacity were both reduced as increased age. There is obvious different of memory’s function in elderly should be seperately considered. The education level influenced significantly on the results of tests. The tests by using the picture were less depend on the education level so they were more suitble to evaluate the subjects with low education level
Memory
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Memory, Short-Term
;
aged
2.Relationship of Working Memory, Processing Speed, and Fluid Reasoning in Psychiatric Patients.
Psychiatry Investigation 2018;15(12):1154-1161
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate relationship among cognitive factors (working memory and processing speed) and fluid reasoning (Gf) in psychiatric patients using a standardized clinical tool. METHODS: We included the responses of 115 heterogeneous patients who were diagnosed with the MINI-Plus 5.0 and WAIS-IV/WMS-IV was administered. For our analysis, structured equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to evaluate which cognitive variables are closely related to the Gf. RESULTS: The results showed that the visual working memory was the strongest predictor of the Gf compared to other cognitive factors. CONCLUSION: Processing speed was capable of predicting the Gf, when visual working memory was controlled. The inter-relationship among the Gf and other cognitive factors and its clinical implications were further discussed.
Humans
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Memory
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Memory, Short-Term*
3.Evaluation of Mental Workload in Working Memory Tasks with Different Information Types Based on EEG.
Kai GUAN ; Sheng WANG ; Zhimin ZHANG ; Tao LIU ; Haijun NIU
Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation 2022;46(1):10-15
OBJECTIVE:
Exploring the effectiveness of using EEG linear and nonlinear features for accessing mental workload in different tasks.
METHODS:
Working memory tasks with different information types and various mental loads were designed based on N-Back paradigm. EEG signals from 18 normal adults were acquired when tasks were being performed. Linear and nonlinear features of EEGs were then extracted. Indices that can effectively reflect mental workload levels were selected by using multivariate analysis of variance statistical approach.
RESULTS:
With the increment of task load, power of frontal Theta, Theta/Alpha ratio, and sample entropies (scales>10) in parietal regions increased significantly first and decreased slightly then, while the power of central-parietal Alpha decreased significantly first and increased slightly then. No difference in power of frontal Theta, central-parietal Alpha, and sample entropies (scales>10) of parietal regions were found between verbal and object tasks, as well as between two spatial tasks. No difference of frontal Theta/Alpha ratio was found in all the four tasks.
CONCLUSIONS
The results can provide evidence for the mental workload evaluation in tasks with different information types.
Electroencephalography
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Memory, Short-Term
;
Workload
4.Attention and Short-term Memory Impairments in Patients with Acute Bipolar Disorder: A Comparison Study with Schizophrenia and Normal Controls.
So Yeon KIM ; Hye Jean PARK ; Kyu Young LEE ; Seong Chan KIM ; Byoung Hoon KANG ; Kyoo Seob HA ; Jun Soo KWON ; Yong Sik KIM ; Yong Min AHN
Korean Journal of Psychopharmacology 2005;16(6):488-497
INTRODUCTION: There are several studies that suggest bipolar and schizophrenic patients have similar pattern of cognitive impairments. The goal of this study is to examine whether there are common cognitive deficits between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the attention and short-term memory domains using Vienna Test System. METHODS: Cognitive functions were assessed with a computerized neurocognitive test (Vienna Test System) in admitted patients with bipolar disorder (N=63), schizophrenia (N=65), and normal controls (N=64). The assessments were done with four subtests of Vienna Test System including Cross-over, Continuous Attention, Corsi's block tapping test and Work performance series. RESULTS: The performances of the bipolar and schizophrenic groups were significantly below that of the control group on the measures of attention and short-term memory. there were no significant differences between bipolar and schizophrenic groups. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that acute bipolar disorder and acute schizophrenia are not distinguishable in some neurocognitive domains such as attention and short-term memory. We may suggest that there is possible common factor underlying the neurocognitive impairments of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Bipolar Disorder*
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Humans
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Memory, Short-Term*
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Schizophrenia*
5.Working Memory Deficits in Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis and Schizophrenia.
Im Hong JEON ; Jong Suk PARK ; Jin Young PARK ; Hye Hyun CHO ; Se Jun KOO ; Eun LEE ; Suk Kyoon AN ; Sun Kook YOO
Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research 2012;15(2):66-72
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether verbal and spatial working memory functions were impaired not only in patients with schizophrenia but also in people at ultra-high risk for first-episode psychosis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients (M 13, F 12) with schizophrenia (SPR), 21 people at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR)(M 10, F 11) and 19 normal controls (NC)(M 10, F 9) were recruited. The working memory was assessed by using the verbal and spatial n-back test. The working memory load increased incrementally from the 0-back to the 3-back condition. RESULTS: SPR performed significantly lower than NC and UHR in terms of hit rates of verbal and spatial n-back test. UHR subjects conducted significantly lower than NC and higher in trend-level than SPR in terms of hit rates of verbal and spatial n-back test. These differences were derived from the high working memory load (2-back and 3-back), not from the low working memory load (0-back and 1-back). There was no significant difference between the verbal and spatial n-back test across the three groups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that verbal and spatial working memory dysfunction may be general rather than differential in terms of stimuli modality, and this working memory deficit may be an important trait factor in schizophrenia.
Humans
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Memory, Short-Term
;
Psychotic Disorders
;
Schizophrenia
6.Personalized Urination Activity Recognition Based on a Recurrent Neural Network Using Smart Band.
Taeg Keun WHANGBO ; Sung Jong EUN ; Eun Young JUNG ; Dong Kyun PARK ; Su Jin KIM ; Chang Hee KIM ; Kyung Jin CHUNG ; Khae Hawn KIM
International Neurourology Journal 2018;22(Suppl 2):S91-S100
PURPOSE: Though it is very important obtaining exact data about patients’ voiding patterns for managing voiding dysfunction, actual practice is very difficult and cumbersome. In this study, data about urination time and interval measured by smart band device on patients’ wrist were collected and analyzed to resolve the clinical arguments about the efficacy of voiding diary. By developing a smart band based algorithm for recognition of complex and serial pattern of motion, this study aimed to explore the feasibility of measurement the urination time and intervals for voiding dysfunction management. METHODS: We designed a device capable of recognizing urination time and intervals based on specific postures of the patient and consistent changes in posture. These motion data were obtained by a smart band worn on the wrist. An algorithm that recognizes the repetitive and common 3-step behavior for urination (forward movement, urination, backward movement) was devised based on the movement and tilt angle data collected from a 3-axis accelerometer. The sequence of body movements during voiding has consistent temporal characteristics, so we used a recurrent neural network and long short-term memory based framework to analyze the sequential data and to recognize urination time. Real-time data were acquired from the smart band, and for data corresponding to a certain duration, the value of the signals was calculated and then compared with the set analysis model to calculate the time of urination. A comparative study was conducted between real voiding and device-detected voiding to assess the performance of the proposed recognition technology. RESULTS: The accuracy of the algorithm was calculated based on clinical guidelines established by urologists. The accuracy of this detecting device was high (up to 94.2%), proving the robustness of the proposed algorithm. CONCLUSIONS: This urination behavior recognition technology showed high accuracy and could be applied in clinical settings to characterize patients’ voiding patterns. As wearable devices are developed and generalized, algorithms detecting consistent sequential body movement patterns reflecting specific physiologic behavior might be a new methodology for studying human physiologic behavior.
Humans
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Memory, Short-Term
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Posture
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Urination*
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Wrist
7.The Characteristics of Visuospatial Working Memory in Alzheimer's Disease.
Seol Min KIM ; Young Ho LEE ; Jung Hae YOUN ; Ju Won LEE ; Jun Young LEE
Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2009;16(4):238-345
OBJECTIVES: Mild Alzheimer's disease(AD) is uncertain to be related to visuospatial working memory subsystem dysfunction. We used the self ordered pointing test(SOPT) to find the characteristics of visuospatial working memory in mild AD. METHODS: We compared the visuospatial working memory abilities of 20 patients with mild AD and 20 normal elderly controls(NC) using SOPT, of which stimuli consisted of two stimuli types(A: abstract, C: concrete) and two stimuli numbers(8 and 12). Therefore, working memory was tested using C8, C12, A8, and A12 stimuli conditions in SOPT. Mixed-model ANOVA was conducted with the AD and NC groups as between-subjects factor, with stimuli types and stimuli numbers as the within-subjects factors and with SOPT error rates as the dependent variable. RESULTS: The AD group showed higher error rates in SOPT than the NC group. The NC group showed low error rates in concrete stimuli than in abstract stimuli and in small stimuli numbers than in large stimuli numbers. And the AD group showed no differences between stimuli types or stimuli numbers. CONCLUSION: AD patients showed a poor performance in visuospatial working memory using concrete stimuli. The result suggests that there is a non-transformation from visual input to phonological working memory in AD. Patients with AD showed a poor performance although in small stimuli number condition of SOPT. It suggests that in AD, visuospatial working memory is not working well although in low central executive loads.
Aged
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Alzheimer Disease
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Humans
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Memory, Short-Term
9.Construction of an epileptic seizure prediction model using a semi-supervised method of generative adversarial and long short term memory network combined with Stockwell transform.
Jia Hui LIAO ; Ha Yi LI ; Chang An ZHAN ; Feng YANG
Journal of Southern Medical University 2023;43(1):17-28
OBJECTIVE:
To propose a semi-supervised epileptic seizure prediction model (ST-WGAN-GP-Bi-LSTM) to enhance the prediction performance by improving time-frequency analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, enhancing the stability of the unsupervised feature learning model and improving the design of back-end classifier.
METHODS:
Stockwell transform (ST) of the epileptic EEG signals was performed to locate the time-frequency information by adaptive adjustment of the resolution and retaining the absolute phase to obtain the time-frequency inputs. When there was no overlap between the generated data distribution and the real EEG data distribution, to avoid failure of feature learning due to a constant JS divergence, Wasserstein GAN was used as a feature learning model, and the cost function based on EM distance and gradient penalty strategy was adopted to constrain the unsupervised training process to allow the generation of a high-order feature extractor. A temporal prediction model was finally constructed based on a bi-directional long short term memory network (Bi-LSTM), and the classification performance was improved by obtaining the temporal correlation between high-order time-frequency features. The CHB-MIT scalp EEG dataset was used to validate the proposed patient-specific seizure prediction method.
RESULTS:
The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the proposed method reached 90.40%, 83.62%, and 86.69%, respectively. Compared with the existing semi-supervised methods, the propose method improved the original performance by 17.77%, 15.41%, and 53.66%. The performance of this method was comparable to that of a supervised prediction model based on CNN.
CONCLUSION
The utilization of ST, WGAN-GP, and Bi-LSTM effectively improves the prediction performance of the semi-supervised deep learning model, which can be used for optimization of unsupervised feature extraction in epileptic seizure prediction.
Humans
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Memory, Short-Term
;
Seizures/diagnosis*
;
Electroencephalography
10.Deficits in Verbal Working Memory among College Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Traits: An Event-related Potential Study.
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 2016;14(1):64-73
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated verbal working memory in college students with traits of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using event-related potentials and the 2-back task. METHODS: Based on scores on the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale and Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, participants were assigned to the normal control (n=28) or ADHD-trait (n=29) group. The 2-back task, which was administered to evaluate working memory, consists of a congruent condition, under which the current stimulus is the same as the one presented two trials earlier, and an incongruent condition, under which the current stimulus is not the same as the one presented two trials earlier. The numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 were used as stimuli. RESULTS: On the 2-back task, the ADHD-trait group committed significantly more errors in response to congruent stimuli and showed a smaller P300 amplitude than did the control group. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that college students with ADHD traits have deficits in verbal working memory, possibly due to difficulties in memory updating or attentional allocation.
Adult
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Evoked Potentials*
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Humans
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Memory
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Memory, Short-Term*