1.Clinical Characteristics of Autoimmune Disease with Dual Seropositive Antibodies of Leucine-rich Glioma Inactivated 1 and Contactin-associated Protein 2.
Li Ling DONG ; Hong Zhi GUAN ; Yan HUANG ; Hong Lin HAO ; Jing Wen NIU ; Qing LIU ; Qiang LU ; Dan XU ; Jun Yi ZHANG ; Li Xin ZHOU ; Li Ri JIN ; Hai Tao REN ; Yi Cheng ZHU ; Bin PENG ; Li Ying CUI ; Xiang Qin ZHOU
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2019;41(3):344-350
Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of autoimmune disease with dual seropositive antibodies of leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1(LGI1)and contactin-associated protein 2(Caspr2).Methods The clinical data of seven patients with dual seropositive LGI1 and Caspr2 antibodies who were admitted to the Neurology Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from July 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Central,peripheral and autonomic nervous systems were all involved in the seven cases;100%(7/7)presented with insomnia,myokymia,neuropahic pain and hyperhydrosis;71%(5/7)showed memory decline or psychiatric and behavioral symptoms;57%(4/7)had urinary hesitation or constipation;and 43%(3/7)had seizure.Electromyography showed 100%(6/6) of the patients had prolonged afterdischarges following normal M waves and/or abnormal spontaneous firing.Electroencephalography revealed slow waves or basic rhythm slowing in 71%(5/7)of patients.Electrocardiography showed sinus tachycardia,axis deviation,and prolonged QT intervals in 71%(5/7)of patients.One patient died from arrhythmia before immunotherapy.One died from pulmonary infection after immunotherapy.Improvement with immunotherapy was documented in the other five cases.No relapse was noted during the 1-2-year follow-up.Conclusions Autoimmune disease with dual seropositive antibodies of LGI1 and Caspr2 can diffusely affect the central,peripheral,and autonomic nervous systems.The possibility of this disease should be considered in patients with acute and subacute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms,especially in patients with accompanying insomnia,myokymia,and hyperhydrosis.
Autoantibodies
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blood
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Autoimmune Diseases
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immunology
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Humans
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Membrane Proteins
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immunology
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Nerve Tissue Proteins
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immunology
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Proteins
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immunology
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Retrospective Studies
2.Research Progress on Antiviral Activity of Interferon-induced Transmembrane Proteins.
Yongkun CHEN ; Wenfei ZHU ; Yuelong SHU
Chinese Journal of Virology 2016;32(2):222-228
Interferon-induced Transmembrane Proteins (IFITMs) were identified through small interference RNA (siRNA) screening method in 1980s. The antiviral properties of the IFITMs were firstly discovered in 1996. Recently, its antiviral effect and mechanism have become a research hotspot. Many studies have shown that IFITM can inhibit the replication of multiple pathogenic viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Ebola virus (EBOV), West Nile virus and so on. IFITMs inhibit the replication of virus in the early stage of the viral life cycle, which occurred before the release of viral genomes into the cytosol. Recent studies indicate that IFITM proteins could block viral replication by mediate viral membrane fusion. However, the mechanism is still under investigation. Here we review the discovery and characterization of the IFITM proteins, elucidate their antiviral activities and the potential mechanisms.
Animals
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Humans
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Interferons
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genetics
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immunology
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Membrane Proteins
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genetics
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immunology
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Virus Diseases
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genetics
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immunology
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virology
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Viruses
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genetics
;
immunology
3.Protective effect of SjC23-Hsp70 DNA vaccine and interleukin-12 on Schistosoma japonicum infection in water buffalos.
Pingcheng HU ; Da XIA ; Hongyan CUI ; Pingfang ZHANG ; Yongkang HE ; Xinling YU ; Zhenqiu SUN
Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) 2012;37(8):854-859
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the immune-protective effect of Japan Schistosoma (Chinese mainland strain) 23 kD membrane protein-heat shock protein (SjC23-Hsp70) DNA vaccine plus adjuvantinduced interleukin-12 (IL-12) plasmid DNA on Schistosoma japonicum infection in water buffalos.
METHODS:
Forty-five health water buffalos (8-10 months old) in non-endemic area of schistosomiasis were randomly assigned into group A (SjC23-Hsp70+IL-12, 300 μg), group B (SjC23+IL-12, 300 μg) and group C (pVAX+IL-12, 300 μg), 15 in each group. Each buffalo was immuned by shoulder intramuscular injection for 3 times, at an interval of 28 days. Twenty-eight days after the last immunization, each buffalo was infected with 1000 Japan cercariae of Schistosoma. Fecal examinations were conducted 2 days and 1 day before the perfusion, and on the day of perfusion. The number of hatching miracidia and eggs per gram feces was recorded. Fifty-six days after the infection, the buffalos were sacrificed and perfused via the descending aorta. The recovered adult worms and eggs in the liver tissue were counted.
RESULTS:
We compared group A and B with group C: the estrogen reduction rate was 45.7% and 26.61%; bug reduction rate was 44.51% and 25.84%; the fecal egg reduction rate was 41.1% and 31.63%; the miracidium reduction rate was 48.11% and 38.07%; and the liver egg reduction rate was 43.39% and 31.95%. The above rates in group A were higher than those in group B (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
SjC23-Hsp70 DNA vaccine combined with IL-12 may have a significant immunoprotective effect on buffalos.
Animals
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Antigens, Helminth
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immunology
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Buffaloes
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Cattle
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HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins
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genetics
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immunology
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Helminth Proteins
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immunology
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Immunization
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methods
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Interleukin-12
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genetics
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immunology
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Membrane Proteins
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immunology
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Schistosomiasis japonica
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immunology
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prevention & control
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veterinary
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Vaccines, DNA
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administration & dosage
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immunology
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Vaccines, Synthetic
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immunology
4.Research advances in the functional roles of ion channels in immune cells and immune response.
Acta Physiologica Sinica 2019;71(6):894-904
Ion channels are a widespread class of membrane proteins that help establish and control cell membrane potential by allowing the passive diffusion of inorganic ions with high specificity through cell membrane. They are widely distributed in various cells and tissues, and their normal structure and function are of fundamental importance for all living organisms. The rapid advances in molecular cloning, protein structure analysis, patch clamp recordings and other technologies have greatly promoted the research on the biophysical and molecular properties of ion channels, and made significant progress in the study of the relationship between ion channels and pathophysiology as well. The immune system is made up of immune cells and organs that work together to protect the body and respond to infection and disease. Remarkably, recent basic and clinical research has revealed that ion channels are frequently and abundantly expressed in immune cells and have crucial roles in immune cell development and immune response. This review summarized recent progress in the roles of ion channels in immune cells, including the expression and regulation of ion channels in immune cells, the effects of ion flux mediated by ion channels on lymphocyte development, and functional roles of ion channels in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We also discussed some unresolved and insufficiently addressed issues in the current research, so as to provide an informative reference for better understanding the functional roles of ion channels in the immune system and further elucidation of their function from a physiological and pathological point of view.
Cell Membrane
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Immunity
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physiology
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Ion Channels
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immunology
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Membrane Proteins
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Research
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trends
5.CD99 activates T cells via a costimulatory function that promotes raft association of TCR complex and tyrosine phosphorylation of TCR zeta.
Kwon Ik OH ; Byoung Kwon KIM ; Young Larn BAN ; Eun Young CHOI ; Kyeong Cheon JUNG ; Im Soon LEE ; Seong Hoe PARK
Experimental & Molecular Medicine 2007;39(2):176-184
We investigated the co-stimulatory role of a cell-surface protein, CD99. Co-ligation of CD99 and suboptimal CD3 induced T-cell activation to a level comparable to that obtained with optimal CD3 or CD3+CD28. We also noted concomitant enhancement of the earliest T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling events. In addition, co-ligation of CD99 and CD3 led to translocation of TCR complexes into the lipid raft, without concomitant migration of CD99 to the raft, and consequent enhancement of TCR zeta-mediated signal 1. These data demonstrate the unique properties of CD99 co-stimulation that distinguish this molecule from CD28 and other raft-resident co-stimulatory factors.
Antigens, CD/*immunology
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Antigens, CD3/immunology
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Cell Adhesion Molecules/*immunology
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Down-Regulation
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Humans
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Jurkat Cells
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Lymphocyte Activation/*immunology
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Membrane Microdomains/*immunology
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Membrane Proteins/*immunology
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Phosphorylation
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Phosphotyrosine/*metabolism
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Protein Transport
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Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology
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T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
6.Cytotoxic T cell.
Ge MA ; Li-ping ZHU ; Wei ZHANG
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2002;24(4):439-442
Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) covers several subtypes, which are CD8+, CD4 and CD4-CD8-. CTL derives from T cell repertoire in lymphoid hematopoietic stem cells. It matures in thymus and is activated in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Effector CTL kills the target cells by 2 ways. One is apoptotic effect mediated by FasL-Fas pathway and the other one is cytolytic effect mediated by granzymes. CTL has aroused great attention due to its significance in anti-tumor and anti-virus.
Animals
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Fas Ligand Protein
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Humans
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Membrane Glycoproteins
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immunology
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Perforin
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Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
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immunology
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fas Receptor
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immunology
7.Analysis of outer membrane proteins of Riemerella antipestifer.
Yan LIU ; Qiang WEI ; Guolian BAO ; Quan'an JI
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2008;24(4):586-591
An isolated virulence Riemerella anatipestifer strain passaged 200 times on TSB agar were used for the virulent to avirulent conversion. The effects of passage on biological properties of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were investigated using the virulent and avirulent strains. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the avirulent strain produced lower amounts of outer membrane vesicles and the outer membrane decreased, the cytoplasmic appearance jumbled. The OMPs of the virulent strain agglutinated only in RA serotype 2 antisera, whereas the OMPs of the avirulent strain agglutinated in antisera of RA 1, 2, 10 and 11. SDS-PAGE Analysis showed the OMPs profiles of both strains were similar but the immunoblotting profiles were different. The protective immunity against Riemerella anatipestifer infection was investigated by immunizations with OMPs in ducks. ELISA results showed that the OMPs induced the production of antibodies in immunized ducks, but the OMPs of virulence strain induced higher antibody titers than the attenuated strain (P < 0.05). RA2 group showed significantly higher survival rates (100%) than RA200 group (0%) after challenged with the homologous virulent strain. The ompA gene of both stains were also amplified by PCR, nucleotide homology was 99.9%. In conclusion, OMPs of virulent RA strain are suitable candidates for vaccine development. Biological properties of OMPs undergoes significant changes during serial passage and suggest that vigilance should be used when extrapolating data obtained from the study of high-passage strains.
Animals
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Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
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chemistry
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genetics
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immunology
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Ducks
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Flavobacteriaceae
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chemistry
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classification
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immunology
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Flavobacteriaceae Infections
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immunology
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microbiology
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veterinary
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Serotyping
8.A brief introduction to the secretion mechanism in immunocytes.
Xue-Lin LOU ; Li-Min HE ; Fei-Li GONG ; Xiao YU ; Tao XU ; Zhuan ZHOU
Acta Physiologica Sinica 2002;54(3):183-188
Exocytosis is a vital function of many cell types including neuron, endocrine cell and immunocyte. Secretion in immunocytes involves a complex process of signal transduction, in which many factors still remain unknown. In the last 10 years, this area has become an international hot spot of investigation, resulting in many break-through progresses. This progress was made possible by combined efforts in molecular biology, cell biology and biophysics. This review focuses on notable new knowledge and some new techniques in functional study of secretion in immunocytes.
Exocytosis
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physiology
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Humans
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Ion Channels
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physiology
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Lymphocytes
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immunology
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secretion
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Mast Cells
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immunology
;
secretion
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Membrane Proteins
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physiology
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Neutrophils
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immunology
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secretion
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SNARE Proteins
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Signal Transduction
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physiology
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Vesicular Transport Proteins
9.Killing cell by granzyme.
Jin-jing LIU ; Li-ping ZHU ; Wei HE
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2002;24(4):442-444
Granzyme is an effector molecule of activated cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. It mainly mediates cell apoptosis. Its function could be explained by its molecular characteristics to some extent. Its cytotoxic effect is related to some other factors contributing to apoptosis induction. It deserves studying if perforin mediates entrance of granzyme into cells. As potential substrates of granzyme caspases and their substrates have been paid much attention to.
Animals
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Apoptosis
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Caspases
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immunology
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Granzymes
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Humans
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Killer Cells, Natural
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immunology
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Membrane Glycoproteins
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immunology
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Perforin
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Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
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Serine Endopeptidases
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immunology
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T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
;
immunology
10.Immunogenicity of multi-epitopes gene of major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis.
Shan-li ZHU ; Zhao-hui SHI ; Wen-shu LI ; Jun CHEN ; Li-fang ZHANG
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2009;43(3):232-236
OBJECTIVETo construct a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-Ct MOMP168 including Ct MOMP multi-epitopes gene, and evaluate the Ct MOMP-specific humoral and cellular immune response induced by pcDNA3.1-Ct MOMP168 in BALB/c mice.
METHODSRecombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-Ct MOMP168 including Ct MOMP multi-epitopes gene was constructed. Then, BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to receive (intramuscular injection) either pcDNA3.1-Ct MOMP168 or pcDNA3.1 or PBS (n = 12, 100 microg/time per mouse), and the same immunization schedule was repeated for the third time at 2 week intervals. The titers of anti-Ct MOMP antibody and its antibody subtypes in sera, the cytotoxicity of Ct MOMP-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in spleen, and the level of cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10)-producing CD3(+) T cells in spleen were detected by ELISA, LDH release assays and intracellular cytokine staining-fluorescence activated cell sorter (ICS-FACS), respectively.
RESULTSThe recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-Ct MOMP168 was able to induce Ct-specific antibody response (A(490) = 0.973 +/- 0.136; serum titer was 1:1000) as compared with pcDNA3.1 (A(490) = 0.180 +/- 0.025) and PBS (A(490) = 0.110 +/- 0.015), and the major antibody subtype was IgG2a with statistical significance (F = 106.884, P < 0.05). When the ratio of effector cells and target cells reached to 50:1, the activity of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte in pcDNA3.1-Ct MOMP168 immunized mice (41.71% +/- 8.34%) was significantly higher (F = 22.315, P < 0.05) than that in pcDNA3.1 immunized mice (18.40% +/- 3.45%) and PBS immunized mice (14.50% +/- 2.42%). The levels of CD3(+) IFN-gamma(+) T cells in pcDNA3.1-Ct MOMP168 immunized mice (1.15% +/- 0.16%) were significantly higher (F = 99.638, P < 0.05) than that in pcDNA3.1 immunized mice (0.12% +/- 0.08%) and PBS immunized mice (0.09% +/- 0.03%), while the significant difference in the levels of IL-4(+) CD3(+) T cells and IL-10(+) CD3(+) T cells was not observed (F = 0.886 and 1.112, P > 0.05) between pcDNA3.1-Ct MOMP168 immunized mice (0.13% +/- 0.08% and 0.14% +/- 0.08%) and pcDNA3.1 (0.07% +/- 0.05% and 0.13% +/- 0.06%) or PBS immunized mice (0.08% +/- 0.04% and 0.07% +/- 0.04%).
CONCLUSIONIn BALB/c mice, the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-Ct MOMP168 might induce not only the generation of Ct-specific antibody, but also the high level of Ct MOMP-specific CD3(+) IFN-gamma(+) T cells.
Animals ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Bacterial Vaccines ; immunology ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; genetics ; immunology ; Immunization ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Porins ; genetics ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology